GEOS 115
Intro to Oceanography
Test #2- Review
 What are the characteristic of active and passive continental margins?
 Be able to define what, continental shelf, slope, submarine canyon, rise, abyssal fan, abyssal plain are
 What is a Turbidity currents?What are turbidite deposits? What is graded bedding?
 Where are the thickest ocean sedimentary deposits found ?
 Define trenches, seamounts, guyots and mid ocean ridges? Where are they found?
 What are ophiolites?
 What is continental crust made of, how thick is it? What is oceanic crust made of, how thick is it? What are their densities?
 What are Hydrothermal vents? What exists near hydrothermal vents? What are black smokers?
 Be able to identify mid ocean ridges and different trenches on a map as well as different ocean basin features.
 Be able to draw and label all features across a cross-section of the sea floor from the shoreline to the mid-ocean ridge
and to a trench.
 Name the reef type associated with a sunken volcanic island.
 The thickest ocean sedimentary deposits are found where?
 What are methane hydrates, why are they important?
 What are some examples of example of lithogenous, biogenous, hydrogenous and cosmosgenous sediments?
 Where are Calcareous sediments and silicious sediments found?
 What is the CCD, what is its relevance?
 What are some economic resources found in the oceans (think phosphate, sand and gravel, metals etc)
 What conditions are necessary for coral reef growth?
 What can a sediment core tell us about past oceanic conditions?
 What are the salts that are commercially extracted from seawater?
 Be able to identify the 4 ocean basins and 6 seas on a map
 Extra credit questions based on Volcanoes of the Deep
 What is the salinity of the average open ocean? How is it measured?
 Where do the salts in the oceans comes from?
 What is residence time? What is the residence time of some of the common ions in the oceans?
 What is the normal pH of seawater?
 What are the major ions of seawater?
 What is photosynthesis?
 What is density?
 What are covalent bonds? Hydrogen bonds?
 What is a Secchi disk?
 How does the pH of seawater vary? How does salinity vary?
 What is heat capacity? How does it vary between land and sea?
 How fast does sound travels in seawater?
 How does the addition of salt to water change its properties?
 At what temperature does seawater of average salinity freeze?
 What wavelengths of light penetrate deepest in the ocean?
 What is a buffer?
 What is an iceberg?
 What are the Layers of the atmosphere? (thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere)
 At what velocities do different areas of the earth rotate?
 What are the horse latitudes, doldrums? Where are they found?
 What are the different circulation cells? Where are they? Be able to DRAW them on a globe.
 How are offshore breeze an on shore breezes produced?
 How is atmospheric pressure measured?
 How are winds named?
 What is the Coriolis Effect? How does it affect air masses in the Northern/Southern Hemisphere?
 What effect do increased levels of carbon dioxide have in the atmosphere?
 What other greenhouse gases exist?
 What is the orographic effect? What is a rain shadow?
 What is the jet stream?
 What is the gaseous composition of the atmosphere?
 What is a monsoon? How is it produced?
 What is a hurricane? How are they produced? Where do they preferentially form?
 What is a storm surge? Why are they dangerous?