Semester 2, 2014/2015
Programme of lectures and practicals in histology and embryology for
the 1st year of General medicine
Semester 2, 2014/2015
Programme of lectures and practicals in histology and embryology for
the 1st year of Dentistry
Lecturers: Prof. MUDr. RNDr. S. Čech, DrSc., Doc. MVDr. A. Hampl, CSc.
Seminar tutors: Doc. MUDr. M. Sedláčková, CSc., MUDr. I. Lauschová, Ph.D.,
RNDr. P. Vaňhara, Ph.D., MUDr. J. Dumková, MUDr. V. Jurtíková,
Mgr. H. Kotasová, Ph.D., MUDr. I. Baltasová, MVDr. M. Anger, CSc.
Lectures
Practice
1. 16. 02. – 20. 02. 2015
Introduction: Histology – definition,
classification and significance.
Cytology I: The cell – definition and general
characteristics. Concept of the unit membrane.
1. 16. 02. – 20. 02. 2015
Introduction, organization of practicals.
Introduction into histological technique.
Tissue processing for light and electron
microscopy.
2. 23. 02. – 27. 02. 2015
Cytology II: Plasma membrane. Cell surfaces
and intercellular junctions. Cell cycle, cell
division and cell differentiation.
2. 23. 02. – 27. 02. 2015
Cytology I. The cell nucleus and cell
organelles (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus,
endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes).
Aids: Atlas of electron micrographs.
3. 02. 03. – 06. 03. 2015
General embryology I: Human gametes.
Meiosis: spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction.
Fertilization and cleavage. Morula and
blastocyst.
3. 02. 03. – 06. 03. 2015
Cytology II. Ultrastructure of the cell
organelles (peroxisomes, centriole). Cell
inclusions. Cell surfaces and intercellular
junctions. Aids: Atlas of electron micrographs.
4. 09. 03. – 13. 03. 2015
General embryology II: Implantation.
Differentiation of trophoblast and embryoblast
during implantation. Development of fetal
membranes: amnion, chorion. Development of
placenta. Intraembryonic mesoderm and
notochord.
4. 09. 03. – 13. 03. 2015
General embryology.
Aids: Set of embryological schemes and
pictures (I and II).
5. 16. 03. – 20. 03. 2015
General histology: Tissues – definition, origin
and classification. Connective tissues.
Connective tissue proper, supporting tissues –
cartilage and bone. Development of bone
tissue (ossification).
5. 16. 03. – 20. 03. 2015
General histology. Light microscopy.
Basic staining methods in histology (HE,
HES, AZAN, impregnation).
Connective tissue proper. Slides: Funiculus
umbilicalis, oesophagus, posterior segment of
the eye, lien, aorta.
6. 23. 03. – 27. 03. 2015
Epithelial tissue. Covering and glandular
6. 23. 03. – 27. 03. 2015
Supporting tissue: cartilage and bone.
epithelia. Absorptive, respiratory, and sensory
epithelia.
7. 30. 03. – 03. 04. 2015
Muscle tissue – smooth muscle tissue, skeletal
muscle tissue, and cardiac muscle tissue.
Myofibrils and mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Histogenesis of bone tissue (ossification).
Slides: Trachea, auricula, elastic cartilage,
lamellar bone, chondrogenic ossification.
7. 30. 03. – 03. 04. 2015
Covering epithelia. Slides: Ren, vesica fellea,
trachea, oesophagus, ureter, palpebra, skin
from the finger tip.
8. 06. 04. – 10. 04. 2015
Nervous tissue. Neuron and its processes,
classification of neurons. Synapse. Neuroglial
cells and sheathes of nerve fibres. Propagation
of nerve impulses.
8. 06. 04. – 10. 04. 2015
Glandular epithelium. Slides: Intestinum tenue,
gl. parotis, gl. submandibularis.
Muscle tissue. Slides: Apex linguae,
intestinum crassum, myokardium.
9. 13. 04. – 17. 04. 2015
Blood cell morphology: Erythrocytes,
leukocytes and thrombocytes. Differential
white cell count. Prenatal and postnatal
hematopoiesis. Erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis,
thrombopoiesis.
9. 13. 04. – 17. 04. 2015
Nervous tissue: neuron, synapses; neuroglia.
Slides: Cortex cerebri, cerebellum, medulla
spinalis, ganglion spinale, peripheral nerve;
motor end plate – demonstration.
10. 20. 04. – 24. 04. 2015
Microscopic anatomy and embryology.
Microscopic structure of the heart and blood
vessels.
10. 20. 04. – 24. 04. 2015
Repetition of tissues.
11. 27. 04. – 01. 05. 2015
Development of the heart, septation of the
heart tube. Primitive blood circulation in the
embryo. Fetal blood circulation.
11. 27. 04. – 01. 05. 2015
Blood cells: Erythrocytes, leukocytes.
Differential white cell count (dWCC).
Thrombocytes. Slide: A smear of peripheral
blood. Development of blood cells
(hematopoiesis) - by teacher´s prezentation.
12. 04. 05. – 08. 05. 2015
Microscopic anatomy.
Microscopic structure of the heart and blood
vessels. Slides: Myokard, artery and vein,
aorta, vena cava. EM atlas: types of capillaries.
12. 04. 05. – 08. 05. 2015
Thymus and other lymphatic organs.
Mononuclear phagocyte system.
13. 11. 05. – 15. 05. 2015
Microscopic structure of the respiratory
system: nasal cavity, larynx, and trachea.
Histology of the lung and blood-air barrier.
Development of respiratory passages and the
lung.
13. 11. 05. – 15. 05. 2015
Microscopic structure of the lymphatic system.
Slides: Thymus, lymphonodus, lien, tonsillae
(palatina et lingualis).
14. 18. 05. – 22. 05. 2015
Digestive system I: General structure of the
wall of alimentary canal. Microscopic structure
of the oesophagus, stomach, small and large
intestines.
14. 18. 05. – 22. 05. 2015
Microscopic structure of the respiratory
system. Slides: Concha nasi, epiglottis, larynx,
trachea, pulmo.
15. 25. 05. – 29. 05. 2015 anat. dissection
15. 25. 05. – 29. 05. 2015 anat. dissection
Testing of knowledge:
Student must prove sufficient level of knowledge by written test examination. Each student
completes 5 partial tests during semester. Tests are evaluated by point for correct answer. More
than half number of correct answers (points) is evaluated as "YES". All of these tests must be
successful. In case of failur, only 1 resit is possible. There is condition 5 from 5 (ie. 5 YES / 5
regular tests) or 5 from 6 (ie. 4 YES / 5 regular tests + 1 YES / 1 resit).
If student does not fulfill this condition, credit test follows in the relevant exam period. This test
coveres all topics studied during semester. In case of failur in credit test, credit will not be given
and student must enroll the course again.
Conditions for obtaining credit:
1. Attendence at all practical exercises (100% participation, all absences must be regularly
excused (in IS) and substituted).
2. Successful completion of all tests..
3. Submission of all protocols (correctly completed forms of protocols signed by teacher).
Doc. MVDr. Aleš Hampl, CSc.
Head of the Department