Biology Pre-AP: Exam 1 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1.
Living things
a. require energy to carry on life processes. b. have the ability to reproduce. c. are composed of cells. d. All of the above
____
2.
Homeostasis means
a. a change over long periods of time. b. maintaining a stable internal environment. c. rapid change. d. the same thing as evolution.
____
3.
The bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a(n)
a. hydrogen bond. b. ionic bond. c. covalent bond. d. water bond.
____
4.
Water is a polar molecule because
a. it contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom. b. it has a charge. c. different parts of the molecule have slightly different
charges. d. it does not have a charge.
____
5.
Acidic solutions have a pH that is
a. less than 7. b. between 7 and 14. c. a negative number. d. more than 7.
____
6.
Which of the following is not an organic macromolecule?
a. carbohydrate b. ice c. lipid d. nucleic acid
____
7.
An enzyme
a. is not used up when catalyzing a reaction. b. lowers the activation energy of a reaction. c. bonds with a substrate molecule at the
enzyme’s active site. d. All of the above
____
8.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
a. structure 1 b. structure 2 c. structure 3 d. structure 4
____
9.
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure produces vesicles filled with proteins?
a. structure 1 b. structure 2 c. structure 5 d. Both (a) and (c)
____
10.
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 2 is
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum. b. a Golgi apparatus. c. a mitochondrion. d. the nucleus.
____
11.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure that acts as a gate to the cell’s interior is labeled
a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D.
____
12.
The cell membrane
a. encloses the contents of a cell. b. allows materials to enter and leave the cell. c. is selectively permeable. d. All of the above
____
13.
Most of the food and waste materials that move into and out of a cell pass through
a. receptor proteins. b. marker proteins. c. enzymes. d. channel proteins.
____
14.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled B in the diagram is an example of a
a. channel protein. b. marker protein. c. receptor protein. d. None of the above
____
15.
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled A is most likely a
a. DNA molecule. b. signal molecule. c. chromosome. d. marker protein.
____
16.
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the
a. nucleolus. b. nuclear wall. c. ribosome. d. nuclear envelope.
____
17.
One important organelle that helps maintain homeostasis by moving substances from one part of the cell to another is the
a. endoplasmic reticulum. b. mitochondrion. c. Golgi apparatus. d. cytoplasm.
____
18.
Refer to the illustration above. The structures labeled 4 are
a. vesicles. b. lysosomes. c. ribosomes. d. chloroplasts.
____
19.
The organelles associated with plant photosynthesis are the
a. mitochondria. b. chloroplasts. c. Golgi apparatus. d. vacuoles.
____
20.
As a result of diffusion, the concentration of many types of substances
a. always remains greater inside a membrane. b. eventually becomes balanced on both sides of a membrane. c. always remains
greater outside of a membrane. d. becomes imbalanced on both sides of a membrane.
____
21.
Diffusion is the movement of a substance
a. only through a lipid bilayer membrane. b. from an area of low concentration to an area of higher concentration. c. only in liquids.
d. from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
____
22.
The diffusion of water into or out of a cell is called
a. solubility. b. osmosis. c. selective transport. d. endocytosis.
____
23.
Osmosis is a type of
a. active transport. b. passive transport. c. facilitated diffusion. d. endocytosis.
____
24.
Ions move through ion channels by
a. endocytosis. b. diffusion. c. passive transport. d. active transport.
____
25.
Sugar molecules can enter cells through the process of
a. exocytosis. b. facilitated diffusion. c. osmosis. d. ion pumps.
____
26.
Which of the following is a form of active transport?
a. osmosis b. diffusion c. facilitated diffusion d. sodium-potassium pump
____
27.
The sodium-potassium pump usually pumps
a. potassium ions out of the cell. b. sodium ions into the cell. c. potassium ions into the cell. d. only potassium ions and sugar
molecules.
____
28.
The sodium-potassium pump
a. increases the concentration of sodium ions inside a cell. b. decreases the concentration of sodium ions inside a cell. c. increases the
concentration of potassium ions inside a cell. d. Both (b) and (c)
____
29.
Proteins and polysaccharides that are too large to move into a cell through diffusion or active transport move in by
a. exocytosis. b. endocytosis. c. the sodium-potassium pump. d. None of the above
____
30.
When a signal molecule binds to a receptor protein, the receptor protein may
a. change the permeability of the membrane. b. cause the formation of a second messenger molecule. c. catalyze certain chemical
reactions in the cell. d. All of the above
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
31.
Change in inherited ____________________ over time is called evolution.
32.
Every living organism is composed of one or more ____________________.
33.
The negatively charged particles in an atom are ____________________.
34.
A(n) ____________________ bond forms between two atoms sharing electrons.
35.
Long chains of nucleotides are called ____________________ ____________________.
36.
All living things require a source of ____________________ to carry out their life activities.
37.
The ____________________ houses a cell’s DNA, which contains heredity information.
38.
The random motion of particles of a substance that causes the substance to move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower
concentration is called ____________________.
39.
Carrier proteins ____________________ shape to transport sugars to the interior of cells.
40.
Active transport requires the use of ____________________ by a cell.
41.
The ____________________-____________________ pump transports ions against their concentration gradients.
42.
The movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle is called ____________________.
A
43.
B
Refer to the illustration above. Cells often engulf extracellular particles and fluid, as shown in figure A. This is called
____________________.
Biology Pre-AP: Exam 1 Study Guide
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
D
B
C
C
A
B
D
B
A
D
4
D
D
C
B
D
A
C
B
B
D
B
B
C
B
D
C
D
B
D
COMPLETION
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
traits
cells
electrons
covalent
nucleic acids
energy
nucleus
diffusion
change
ATP
energy
sodium potassium
endocytosis
endocytosis