H I I S T O R Y O F C O N S E R V A T I I O N
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• by
• susan barry
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No dogma taught by the present civilization seems to form so insuperable an obstacle in a way of a right understanding of the relations which culture sustains as to wilderness, as that which declares that the world was made especially for the uses of men. Every animal, plant, and crystal controverts it in the plainest terms. Yet it is taught from century to century as something ever new and precious, and in the resulting darkness the enormous conceit is allowed to go unchallenged.
O U R R O O T S
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Who is your cousin?
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Who was here first?
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What are you doing here?
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What’s your job?
W H A T ’ ’
S O U R H I I S T O R Y ?
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Homo sapiens sapiens
– here for 60,000 to 200,000 years max.
– descended from common ancestor
– wiped out or dominated genetically all other Homo… species.
– great hunter gatherers.
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What other qualities do we have?
D I I G I I T !
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Agricultural revolution
– selective gathering and waste sites
– 10,000 years ago
– agroforestry
• slash and burn
– shifting cultivation
– subsistence farming
– effects of change
H u m a n P o p u l l a t t i i o n T h r r o u g h T i i m e
H u m a n H i i s s t t o r r y c o n t t
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12,000ybp Agricultural societies
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– 1700AD Agricultural Revolution
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
10,000 – 12,000ybp

change from nomadic to settled pops urbanization, domestication of animals and cultivation of crops wild plants and animals become less important
subsistence farming population growth rate increases farming and irrigation advance
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M A K E M Y L I I F E E A S I I E R
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The industrial revolution
– began in England in mid-1700’s
– shift from potentially renewable resources to nonrenewable resources
– shift from cottage industries to centralized factories within growing industrialized cities
– spread to farming
– increased population
H E Y , , M Y L I I F E S T I I N K S !
!
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ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND THE ROOTS OF NATURE
PRESERVATION
– four phases of env.activism
• pragmatic resource conservation
• moral and aesthetic nature preservation
• growing concern for health and ecological damge caused by pollutu\ion
• global environmental citizenship h i s t o r y o f f e n v .
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m o v e m e n t
– ancient Greece and Plato
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1273 ban on coal burning in London
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1661 john Evelyn suggested planting trees in England to purify air pollution
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Stephen Hales - 1764
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Pierre Poive - 1769
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H I I S T O R Y O F C O N S E R V A T I I O N A N D P U B L I I C H E A L T H
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Frontier worldview
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George Perkins Marsh - 1864
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Teddy Roosevelt 1901-09
– golden age of conservation
– first fed reserve 1903 - Pelican Island
– tripled forest reserves
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U.S Forest service - 1905
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Gifford Pinchot altruistic prservationists vs. pragmatic, resource or utilitarian conservationists
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John muir Vs. Gifford Pinchot

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Hetch-Hetchy Valley and Yosemite
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H I I S T O R Y O F C O N S E R V A T I I O N A N D P U B L I I C H E A L T H ( ( c o n t t .
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)
• see fig 2-6, 11, 12. pg 38, 44, 45.
• republicans 1921-33 - exploitation of public lands
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1933- hoover- turn over or sell all public lands
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1933-45 -Roosevelt- bought back lands
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CCC
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1934 - Taylor Grazing Act
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H I I S T O R Y O F C O N S E R V A T I I O N A N D P U B L I I C H E A L T H ( ( c o n t t .
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) )
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1934- Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act
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1935 - Soil Conservation Service
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1937- Pittman Robertson Act (1950 for fish)
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1938 - Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
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1940 - Fish and Wildlife Service
– manages Nat’l Wildlife Refuges
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H I I S T O R Y O F C O N S E R V A T I I O N A N D P U B L I I C H E A L T H ( ( c o n t t .
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) )
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1962 - Silent Spring by Rachel Carson
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1963- Clean Air Act (‘65, ‘70, ‘77, ‘90 )
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1964 - Wilderness Act
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1969 - Cuyahoga River catches fire
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1969 - National Env. Policy Act (NEPA)
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1970 - first Earth Day, April 20th
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1973 - Endangered Species Act
C o n s s e r r v a t t i i o n T i i m e l l i i n e
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1960’s - Field of Ecology Established
– Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring”
– many severe environmental problems
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H I I S T O R Y O F C O N S E R V A T I I O N A N D P U B L I I C H E A L T H ( ( c o n t t .
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)
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1976 - Fed’l Land Policy and Management Act
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1978 - Love Canal