NORTH AMERICAN DEPARTMENT
Institute of English and American Studies
University of Debrecen
PhD BTPA10327AV and ~BV
THEORIES OF POSTMODERNISM
IN CULTURE, ARTS, AND LITERATURE
Instructor:
Zoltán Abádi-Nagy (e-m: <abadi-nagy.zoltan@arts.unideb.hu>)
Semester: Fall 2013
Students: PhD
Class sessions: F 12:00-13:40 PM
Room: main bldg., 119
Office hours: Before/after classes and by appointment
Class format: seminar discussion combined with quizzes and presentation; historical and
theoretical background information provided by your instructor in class where necessary;
graded: 2 course credits + 10 essay credits (extra credits possible, see “Extra credit policy”)
Status of course: optional
Prospectus
Postmodernism entered the vocabularies of all the human sciences—besides literature,
philosophy of history, and the fine arts—decades ago. Thus, while being an aesthetic and a
style of thinking, it is a key to undrestanding our age as a cultural epoch. The course has been
designed to reveal the roots of, and theories regarding, postmodernism. Questions central to
aesthetics, critical theory, and literary texts, as well as the way postmodernity relates to
modernism, feminism, popular culture, and so on will be studied; debates concerning terms as
related to “postmodernism” like “late modernism,” “poststructuralism,” “deconstruction,”
“academic postmodernism” will be highlighted. The texts introduced will inform students not
only of the postmodern discourse and the variety of forms “postmodernisms” take but also of
the critical stance which questions postmodernism.
General Requirements
The reading assignments are kept as reasonable as possible. Students will be expected to attend
class faithfully, to keep up with the readings, and to come to class prepared with questions and
comments for discussion. The classes will be conducted in an atmosphere in which the instructor
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and the students take the time to discuss readings and share their insights. We can set aside part
of any class meeting for informal discussion of our work if needed.
Course Requirements
Informed attendance and participation; written response to our readings (quizzes); one
presentation, two out-of-class essays (peer review, the possibility of revision), as well as final
test.
Presentation
The oral presentation is based on a theoretical essay or book chapter related to
postmodernity/postmodernism and included in the “Schedule” section of this syllabus. Students
can fulfill this task in pairs—evaluating, comparing, and contrasting their chosen essays. The
presenters should offer their positions and should generate a good debate. Sign-up deadline:
October 4.
Writing Assignments

QUIZZES—will be in-class responses to the texts covered for a given class, inclusive of
identification questions, multiple-choice comprehension questions, as well as other
content questions designed to check if you have actually read the assigned text(s).
ANALYTIC ESSAYS—are two typed, five-page out-of-class analytic papers that study
texts on our syllabus; the topics will have to be approved by your instructor. The first
take-home paper will address the broader theme of postmodernism and culture (fine arts
included), the second will concern the broader framework of postmodernism and
literature or philosophy of history/historiography (depending on your dissertation topic).
Both papers will be discussed in a peer workshop before they are submitted. You are
expected to present a fully drafted version the week immediately preceding the first
workshop and a half-page outline the week preceding the second workshop. The writing
workshops are fundamental to the course. Students who do not participate in them
because they are absent without good cause or because their fully drafted version (first
paper) or outline (second paper) has not been submitted will lose 0.5 credit on the grade
of the given paper once it is handed in. For due dates of draft, outline, and final versions
see "Schedule" below.
FINAL TEST—It will be cumulative, a combination of various kinds of identification
questions (to be described more fully near the end of the term).
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NB
1. Documentation, format—When you consult or quote a source, document it according to the
usual academic principles. In all matters of form, use the MLA or Chicago format.
2. Editing—Take pride in your work, edit it carefully, root out mechanical errors. Expect your
in-class and out-of-class paper to lose one point per every five errors.
3. Font, margins—Out-of-class papers must be typed, double-spaced, in an ordinary font.
Those with abnormally wide margins or typeface, will be returned unmarked, and must be
resubmitted as directed.
4. Late paper policy—Essays may be handed in one class late without penalty, provided they
have been presented on time in the peer-review workshop. Papers more than one class late
cannot be accepted for credit.
5. Academic misconduct—Plagiarism will not be tolerated. The Institute of English and
American Studies expects its students to adhere to the university’s policies regarding student
conduct, especially academic misconduct.
The following statement must be typed on the title page of your essay and signed in
hand: “This paper has been prepared in full awareness of the international norms of
academic conduct.”
Grading
For 2 course credits
Participation in discussion (inclusive of occasional quizzes—unannounced, and
evaluated on an S/F basis, F meaning a loss of 0.1credit in each case): 0.7 credit
(NB, each unexcused absence will mean an automatic loss of 0.1 credit point.)
presentation: 0.3 credit
final test: 1.00 credit
For 10 essay credits (two 5-page essays)
out-of-class essay 1 (culture): 5 credits,
out-of-class essay 2 (history or literature) 5 credits
Extra credit policy—see NB-item 5 below
NB
1. Course requirements— The out-of-class papers and the final test are course requirements;
i.e., a student must complete all of these assignments in order to pass the course.
2. Incompletes—Incompletes will be granted only if you must miss classes or the final test
because of verified illness or for scheduled activities of official university organizations
provided that I am notified in advance of your absence.
3. Absence policy— Regular attendance and participation are required. Faithful and alert
attendance is extremely important to what you learn in the course, as well as to the success
of the course as a whole. Grades can be lowered for unexcused absences. If circumstances
exist that cause you to be absent more than twice in the semester, make an appointment to
speak to me about your progress in the course. I reserve the right to lower your final grade
by 5 points for each unofficial absence when, in my judgment, absences have been
unwarranted. It is possible to fail the course by absences alone.
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4. Tardy policy—Tardiness and early departures are not allowable. They are offensive to your
fellow students and to the instructor because they disrupt class work. If you have a
compelling reason for arriving late or leaving early, speak with me about the problem. If you
regularly cut the beginning and/or the end of class sessions, it can add up to unexcused fullclass-time absences.
5. Extra credit—You can get 5 extra credits for researching and electronically submitting (in
MLA format) the 2000-2012 book-, book chapter-, and periodical bibliography of any
ONE of the following: “theories of postmodernism 2000-2012” in 1) culture; 2) arts; 3)
history); 4) literature. It may be necessary to subdivide “culture” further into cultural
theory and social sciences (e.g., sociology). It is negotiable and will be discussed in class.
It is mandatory in all categories that your bibliography should be based on the FULL
exploration of what is available in our Institute Library and University Library on the one
hand (IL and UL availability should be indicated at the end of each and every such item,
by adding “IL or “UL” alternately); on the other hand, it should pick up all books but
only essential book-chapter and periodical items of what is “out there in the world,”
beyond the limits of our libraries. Sign-up deadline: October 4; submission deadline:
December 20 at the latest.
6. Borderline grades—If your grade is borderline, it depends on attendance and the general
pattern of your performance if you can get a break.
7. Discussing grades—If you have questions about how I evaluated your work, please stop by
to see me. It is my policy to discuss grades in person only, and not over the telephone.
SCHEDULE
NB—In order to make the reading load manageable, reading dynamic is introduced with
the symbols “i” (intensive reading is needed, comprehension quizzes can be expected) and
“e” (extensive reading is enough; i.e., it is enough to cull the main points from those texts;
the main points will be tested).
Nr.
Month
1 September
2
Day
13 Orientation
20
I.
Postmodernism
and
culture
Assignment
Postmodern culture
1
To identify the
assigned readings in
this column, go to the
“Text” section below
Hassan 2 (i)
Bertens 1 (i)
Lyotard 1 (i)
Kuhn (i)
MacIntyre (e)
Lacan (e)
Rorty 1 (e)
5
Nr.
3
Month
Sept-Oct
Day
27
Presentation
sign-up
deadline
4
4
5
11
Postmodernism
and
culture, cont.
Assignment
Postmodern culture
2
Jameson-interview
(Stephanson 1) (i)
Jameson 1 (e)
Leitch 2 (e)
Baudrillard 1, 2 (i)
Norris (e)
Hutcheon 1 (i)
Eagleton 3 (e)
Modernism
versus
postmodernism
Kant (i)
Foucault 1 (i)
Nietzsche (i)
Lyotard 2 (i)
Habermas (i)
Rorty 2, 3 (e)
Hassan 4, 5 (e)
Bertens 2 (e)
Leitch 1 (e)
Montag (i)
Bauman (e)
Harvey (e)
Waugh 3 (e)
Postmodernism
and
gender
Foucault 3 (i)
Kristeva 1 (e), 2 (i)
Butler (i)
Kipnis (i)
Sherzer (e)
Waugh 1 (e)
Simpson (i)
Polan (e)
Owens (i)
Fraser and Nicholson (e)
Haraway (e)
6
Nr.
6
Month
Oct-Nov
Day
18
Drafted culture essay
due
Assignment
Postmodernism:
race and
postcolonialism
7
25
Writing session I
Postmodernism
and
popular culture
8
8
Culture paper due
Postmodernism
in
architecture and
the visual arts
II.
Postmodernism
in art,
literature, and
history
9
15
10
22
Postmodernism
and
literature
NB. From this
point on
(classes 10-1112) you have
the option to
do either track
“A”
(literature) or
track “B”
(history) each
remaining
week
A.
Literature
Authorship,
representation,
reference
B.
History
Vizenor (i)
West 1 (e), 2 (i)
hooks (i)
Yúdice (i)
Christian (e)
During (i)
Richard (e)
Connor 1 (i)
Grossberg (i)
Chambers (i)
Connor 2 (i), 3 (e)
Jameson 4 (e)
Connor 4 (i)
Gaggi 2 (i)
Foster 2 (i)
Vattimo (e)
Fiedler (e)
Sontag (e)
Kermode (e)
Hassan 3 (e)
Spanos (e)
Belsey (e)
Barthes (i), Foucault 2 (i)
McHale 1 (e), Gaggi 3 (e)
Thiher 1 (i), 2 (i), Hutcheon 3 (i),
White 1 (e)
White 1 (i), Jameson 2 (i), Eagleton
4 (e), Kaplan (e), Hutcheon 4 (i),
Rosenau (e)
7
Nr.
11
12
Month
Nov-Dec
Day
29
6
Poststructuralism,
postcriticism
Literature essay outline
due
13
13
Writing session II
14
20
Final test
Lit/hist paper due
Assignment
Deleuze and Guattari (i), Derrida (i),
Ricoeur (e), Eagleton 2 (e), Culler(e),
Ulmer (i), Atkins (e), Gaggi 4 (e)
History
Deleuze and Guattari (i), Derrida (i),
Giddens (e), Eagleton 1 (e),
White 2 (i), Jameson 3 (i)
Postmodern
fiction
McHale 2 (e), Waugh 2 (i),
Fokkema 1 (e), 2 (e), Docherty 2(e),
Eco1 (i), Fuentes (i), Mepham (i)
History
Howe (i), White 3 and 4 (i), Jameson
4 (e), Hutcheon 5 (e), Ermarth (e)
Postmodern
poetry and
theatre
Allen and Butterick (e)
Holden (i)
Connor 5 (i)
Geis (e)
Concluding remarks
Text
The texts referred to by the authors’ names will be identified in the bibliography below. The
items detailed below can all be found in one of these anthologies:
1. Peter Brooker’s Modernism/Postmodernism;
2. Patricia Waugh’s Postmodernism: A Reader;
3. the three-volume course packet.
If the source of an essay or book chapter is other than the Brooker or the Waugh anthology, and
no volume number is indicated with “CP,” the text is available in course packets 1 or 2 (“CP3”
items are always specified as such).
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Bibilography of schedule items
Allen, David, and George F. Butterick. Preface. The Postmoderns: The New American Poetry
Revised. New York: Grove, 1982. 9-12. CP2.
Appleby, Joyce, et al., eds. Knowledge and Postmodernism in Historical Perspective. New
York: Routledge, 1996.
Atkins, G. Douglas. “Reading Deconstruction.” Reading Deconstruction—Deconstructive
Reading. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1983. 13-76. CP2.
Barthes, Roland. “The Death of the Author.” Caughie 208-13. CP2.
Bauman, Zygmunt. “Postmodernity, or Living with Ambivalence.” Natoli and Hutcheon
9-24. CP3.
Baudrillard, Jean. 1. “From ‘Simulacra and Simulations.’” Brooker 151-62.
---. 2. “From ‘The Orders of Simulacra.’” Waugh, Postmodernism 186-88.
---. 3. “The Ecstasy of Communication.” Foster 126-34. CP1.
Belsey, Catherine. “Towards Cultural History.” Natoli and Hutcheon 551-67. CP3.
Bertens, Hans. 1. “Postmodern Culture(s).” Smyth 123-37. CP1.
---. 2. “The Postmodern Weltanschauung and Its Relation to Modernism: An Introductory
Survey.” Natoli and Hutcheon 25-70. CP3.
Brooker, Peter, ed. Modernism/Postmodernism. London: Longman, 1992.
Butler, Judith. “Gender Trouble, Feminist Theory, and Psychoanalytic Discourse.”
Feminism/Postmodernism. Ed. Linda J. Nicholson. New York: Routledge, 1990. 324-40.
CP3.
Caughie, John, ed. Theories of Authorship: A Reader. London: Routledge, 1981.
Chambers, Ian. “Contamination, Coincidence and Collusion. Pop Music, Urban Culture
and the Avant-Garde.” Brooker 190-96.
Christian, Barbara. “The Race for Theory.” Leitch, Norton 2257-66. CP3.
Connor, Steven. Postmodernist Culture: An Introduction to Theories of the Contemporary.
Cambridge: Blackwell, 1989.
---. 1. “Postmodernism and Cultural Politics.” (Feminism and Postcoloniality.) Postmodernist
Culture 224-37. CP1.
---. 2. “Postmodern TV, Video and Film.” Postmodernist Culture 158-83. CP1.
---. 3. “Postmodernism and Popular Culture” (Rock Music, Style and Fashion). Postmodernist
Culture 184-98. CP1.
---. 4. “Postmodernism in Architecture and the Visual Arts.” Postmodernist Culture 65-102.
CP1.
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---. 5. “Postmodern Performance.” Postmodernist Culture 132-57. CP2.
Culler, Jonathan. “Critical Consequences.” On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after
Structuralism. Ithaca: Cornell, 1982. 180-225. CP2.
Deleuze, Gilles, and Felix Guattari. From “Introduction: Rhizome.” Leitch, Norton 15931609. CP3.
Derrida, Jacques. “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences.”
Writing and Difference. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1978. 278-93. CP3.
Docherty, Thomas, ed. 1. Postmodernism: A Reader. New York: Columbia UP, 1993.
---. 2. “Postmodern Characterization: The Ethics of Alterity.” Smyth 169-88. CP2.
During, Simon. “Postmodernism or Post-Colonialism Today.” Docherty, Postmodernism
448-62. CP3.
Eagleton, Terry. The Illusions of Postmodernism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
---. 1. “From ‘Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism.’” Waugh,
Postmodernism 152-59. CP.
---. 2. “Post-Structuralism.” Literary Theory: An Introduction . Minneapolis: U of Minnesota
P, 1983. 127-50. CP.
---. 3. “Fallacies.” Illusions. 93-130. CP3.
---. 4. “History.” Illusions 45-68.
Eco, Umberto. “Postmodernism, Irony, the Enjoyable.” Brooker 225-28.
Ermarth, Elizabeth Deeds. “Historical Time as a Thing of the Past.” Sequel to History:
Postmodernism and the Crisis of Representational Time. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP,
1992. 25-45.
Fiedler, Leslie. “From ‘Cross the Border, Close the Gap.’” Waugh, Postmodernism 31-48.
Fokkema, Aleid. 1. “Conventions and Innovations: A Critical Survey.” 2. “General
Discussion: Postmodern Character and the Issue of Representation.” Postmodern
Characters. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1991. 56-71; 181-90. CP2.
Foster, Hal, ed. 1. The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture. Port Townsend: Bay,
1983.
---. 2. “Wild Signs: The Breakup of the Signs in Seventies’ Art.” Ross 251-68. CP1.
Foucault, Michel. 1. “From ‘What is Enlightenment?’” Waugh, Postmodernism 96-108.
---. 2. “From ‘What Is an Author?’” Caughie 282-91. CP2.
---. 3. “From The History of Sexuality. Volume I: An Introduction.” Natoli and Hutcheon
333-41. CP3.
Fraser, Nancy, and Linda Nicholson. “Social Criticism without Philosophy: An Encounter
between Feminism and Postmodernism.” Ross 83-104. CP1.
Fuentes, Carlos. “Words Apart.” Brooker 243-47.
Gaggi, Silvio. 1. Modern/Postmodern: A Study in Twentieth-Century Arts and Ideas.
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Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1989.
---. 2. “Replications and Convergencies.” Modern/Postmodern 57-87. CP1.
---. 3. Introduction. Modern/Postmodern 3-23. CP2.
---. 4. “Postmodernism, Posthumanism, and Politics.” Modern/Postmodern 157-91. CP2.
Geis, Deborah R. “Moving in the Present Tense: Monologue and the Discourses of
Postmodernism in the American Experimental Theater.” Postmodern Theatric(k)s. Ann
Arbor: U of Michigan P, 1993. 29-44. CP2.
Giddens, Anthony. “From ‘Modernism and Post-Modernism.’” Waugh, Postmodernism
11-13.
Grossberg, Lawrence. “Putting the Pop Back into Postmodernism.” Ross 167-90. CP.
Habermas, Jürgen. “From ‘Modernity: An Incomplete Project.’” Waugh, Postmodernism
160-70.
Haraway, Donna. “A Manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, Technology, and Social Feminism
in the 1980s.” Leitch, Norton 226-99. CP3.
Harvey, David. “Fordist modernism versus flexible postmodernism” (sic). The Condition
of Postmodernity. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990. 338-42. CP3.
Hassan, Ihab. 1. The Postmodern Turn: Essays in Postmodern Theory and Culture.Ohio
State UP, 1987.
---. 2. “Culture, Indeterminacy and Immanence: Margins of the (Postmodern) Age.”
Postmodern Turn 46-83. CP1.
---. 3. “From ‘The New Gnosticism: Speculation on an Aspect of the Postmodern Mind.’”
Waugh, Postmodernism 60-77.
---. 4. “PostmodernISM: A Paracritical Bibliography.” Postmodern Turn 25-45. CP2.
---. 5. “Toward a Concept of Postmodernism.” Postmodern Turn 84-96. CP2.
Holden, Jonathan. “Postmodern Poetic Form: A Theory.” Style and Authenticity in
Postmodern Poetry. Columbia: U of Missouri P, 1986. 9-32. CP2.
hooks, bell. “Postmodern Blackness.” Natoli and Hutcheon 510-18. CP3.
Howe, Irving. “Mass Society and Postmodern Fiction.” Waugh, Postmodernism 24-31.
Hutcheon, Linda. 1. “Beginning to Theorize Postmodernism.” Natoli and Hutcheon
243-72. CP3
---. 2. A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. New York: Routledge, 1988.
---. 3. “The Problem of Reference.” Poetics 141-55. CP2.
---. 4. “Intertextuality, Parody and the Discovery of History.” Poetics 121-40. CP2.
---. 5. “Telling Stories: Fiction and History.” Brooker 229-42.
Jameson, Fredric. 1. “From Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism.”
Natoli and Hutcheon 312-32. CP3.
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---. 2. “From Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism.” Docherty 62-92.
CP3.
---. 3. “From ‘Periodizing the Sixties.’” Waugh, Postmodernism 125-52.
---. 4. “Transformations of the Image in Postmodernity.” The Cultural Turn. London: Verso,
1998. 93-135. CP3.
Kant, Immanuel. “An Answer to the Question: What Is Enlightenment?” Waugh,
Postmodernism 89-95.
Kaplan, E. Ann. “Feminism/Oedipus/Postmodernism: The Case of MTV.” Postmodernism
and Its Discontents: Theories and Practices. London: Verso, 1988. 30-44. CP1.
Kermode, Frank. “From A Sense of an Ending.” Waugh, Postmodernism 56-60.
Kipnis, Laura. “From ‘Feminism: The Political Conscience of Postmodernism?’”
Brooker 204-12.
Kristeva, Julia. 1. “From One Identity to an Other.” The Portable Kristeva. New York:
Columbia UP, 1997. 93-115. CP3.
---. 2. “A Feminist Postmodernism?” Brooker 197-203.
Kuhn, Thomas. “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.” Appleby 340-55. CP3.
Lacan, Jacques. “The agency of the letter in the unconscious or reason since Freud” (sic).
Écrits: A Selection. New York: Norton, 1977. 146-78. CP3.
Leitch, Vincent B. 1. “Writing Cultural History: The Case of Postmodernism” and 2.
“Postmodern Culture: The Ambivalence of Fredric Jameson.” Postmodernism: Local
Effects, Global Flows. Albany, NY: State U of New York P, 1996. 109-15 and 117-32.
CP3.
---. 3. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism.New York: Norton, 2001.
Lyotard, Jean-François. 1. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge.
Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1984. xxiii-67. CP1.
---. 2. “From ‘Answering the Question: What Is Postmodernism?’” Waugh, Postmodernism
117-25.
MacIntyre, Alasdair. “Epistemological Crises, Dramatic Narrative, and the Philosophy
of Science.” Appleby 357-67. CP3.
McHale, Brian. 1. “Authors: Dead and Posthumous.” 2. “Worlds of Discourse.”
Postmodernist Fiction. New York: Methuen, 1987. 197-202; 162-75. CP2.
Mepham, John. “Narratives of Postmodernism.” Smyth 138-55. CP2.
Montag, Warren. “What Is at Stake in the Debate on Postmodernism?” Kaplan 88-103.
CP.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. “From Twilight of the Idols.” Waugh, Postmodernism 108-12.
Natoli, Joseph, and Linda Hutcheon, eds. A Postmodern Reader. Albany, NY:
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State U of New York, 1993.
Norris, Christopher. “Lost in the Funhouse: Baudrillard and the Politics of Postmodernism.”
What’s Wrong with Postmodernism: Critical Philosophy and the Ends of Philosophy.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1990. 164-93. CP.
Owens, Craig. “The Discourse of Others: Feminists and Postmodernism.” Foster,
Anti-Aesthetic 57-82. CP1.
Polan, Dana. “Postmodernism and Cultural Analysis Today.” Kaplan 45-58. CP1.
Richard, Nelly. “Postmodernism and Periphery.” Docherty, Postmodernism 463-70. CP3.
Ricoeur, Paul. “The Model of the Text: Meaningful Action Considered as a Text.”
Appleby 369-81. CP3.
Rorty, Richard. 1. “From ‘The Contingency of Language.’” Waugh, Postmodernism 170-86.
---. 2. “Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism.” Docherty 323-28. CP3.
---. 3. “Private Irony and Liberal Hope.” Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity. Cambridge:
Cambridge UP, 1989. 73-95. CP3.
Rosenau, Pauline Marie. “Humbling History, Transforming Time, and Garbling Geography
(Space).” Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences: Insights, Inroads, and Intrusions.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1992. 61-76.
Ross, Andrew, ed. Universal Abandon? The Politics of Postmodernism. Minneapolis:
U of Minnesota P, 1988.
Sherzer, Dina. “Postmodernism and Feminisms.” Smyth 156-68. CP1.
Simpson, David. “Feminisms and Feminizations in the Postmodern.” The Academic
Postmodern and the Rule of Literature: A Report on Half Knowledge. Chicago:
U of Chicago P, 1995. 92-110. CP1.
Smyth, Edmund J., ed. Postmodernism and Contemporary Fiction. London: Batsford, 1991.
Sontag, Susan. “From ‘Against Interpretation.’” Waugh, Postmodernism 48-55.
Spanos, William. “From ‘The Detective and the Boundary: Some Notes on the Postmodern
Literary Imagination.” Waugh, Postmodernism 78-86.
Stephanson, Anders. 1. “Regarding Postmodernism: A Conversation with Fredric
Jameson.” Ross 3-30. CP1.
---. 2. “From ‘An Interview with Cornel West.’” Brooker 213-24.
Ulmer, Gregory L. “The Object of Post-Criticism.” Foster, Anti-Aesthetic 83-110. CP2.
Thiher, Allen. 1. “Representation.” 2. “Reference.” Words in Reflection: Modern Language
Theory and Postmodern Fiction. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1984. 91-119; 188-223. CP.
Vattimo, Gianni. “The Structure of Artistic Revolution.” The End of Modernity. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins UP, 1991. 90-109. CP2.
Vizenor, Gerald. “From Manifest Manners: Postindian Warrior of Survivance.” Leitch,
Norton 1975-86. CP3
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Waugh, Patricia. 1. “Modernism, Postmodernism, Feminism: Gender and Autonomy
Theory.” Postmodernism: A Reader. London: Arnold, 1992. 189-204.
---. 2. “What is metafiction and why are they saying such awful things about it?” (sic)
Metafiction: The Theory and Practice of Self-Conscious Fiction. London: Metheun,
1984. 1-19. CP2.
---. 3. “The Violence of Being Modern: Postmodernism as Critique of Enlightenment.”
Practising POSTMODERNISM Reading MODERNISM.” London, Arnold: 1992.
66-85.
West, Cornel. 1. “Black Culture and Postmodernism.” Natoli and Hutcheon 390-97. CP3.
---. 2. Cf. Stephanson 2, “Interview.”
White, Hayden. Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism. 1978. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins, 1985.
---. The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins, 1987.
---.1. “The Historical Text as Literary Artifact “. Tropics of Discourse 81-100. Also Leitch, The
Norton Anthology 1536-53.
---. 2. “The Value of Narrativity in the Representation of Reality.” The Content of the Form
1-25. Also Appleby 393-407. CP3.
---. 3. “The Fictions of Factual Representation.” Tropics of Discourse 121-34.
---. 4. “The Question of Narrative in Contemporary Historical Theory.” The Content of the Form
26-57.
Wilde, Alan. “From ‘Modernism and the Aesthetics of Crisis.’” Waugh, Postmodernism
14-21.
Yúdice, George. “Marginality and the Ethics of Survival.” Ross 214-36. CP1
Recommended Further Reading
(selective important items not mentioned above, inclusive of some Hungarian translations)
Altieri, Charles. “From Symbolist Thought to Immanence: The Ground of Postmodern
American Poetry.” Boundary 2 1.3 (1973): 605-41.
Antin, David. “Modernism and Postmodernism: Approaching the Present in American
Poetry.” Boundary 2 1.1 (1972): 98-133.
Barth, John. “The Literature of Exhaustion.” “The Literature of Replenishment.” The Friday
Book: Essays and Other Nonfiction. New York: Perigee, 1988. 62-76; 193-206.
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