Biol 302- Botany Spring 2007
Velma Matthew; TA – Kathy Boothby
Lab 5 - Fungi
Domain: Eukarya
Kingom: Fungi
Phylum: Zygomycota
Class: Zygomycetes
Genus: Rhizopus
1. Look at prepared slide of Rhizopussporangia (asexual).
-Draw and label the sporangium, sporangiophore, rhizoids, and stolon. a) What is the function of the rhizoids?
2. Look at prepared slide of Rhizopus -combination (sexual).
-Draw and label gametangia.
3. Look at prepared slide of Rhizopus -conjugation
-Draw and label zygosporangium. a) Look at the life cycle of Rhizopus in your text, determine and label on all three drawings which structures are haploid and which are diploid. b) Are the nuclei of zygosporangium haploid or diploid?
Domain: Eukarya
Kingom: Fungi
Phylum: Ascomycota
Classes: Plectomycete, Pyrenomycete, and Discomycete
4. Sexual reproduction in Ascomycetes always involves the formation of an
Ascus (plural: asci), a saclike structure which contains haploid ascopores formed following meiosis. Ascus formation occurs in a structure called the
Ascoma (or ascocarp). These are named after their basic shape.
Describe the shape of each name for an ascoma (see p. 271).
-Apothecium:
-Cleistothecium:
-Perithecium:
Class: Plectomycetes (cleistothecia)
Genera: Penicillium
5. Look at a prepared slide of Penicillium -conidia.
-Draw and label conidiophore, chains of conidia, and an individual
conidia.
6. Look at a prepared slide of Penicillium -cleistothecia.
-Draw and label cleistothecium.
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Class: Pyrenomycetes (Perithecia)
Genus: Uncinula, Daldina
7. Look at the infected maple leaf and wet mount slide (at the front of . class) of Uncinula
+The dark spots you see on the leaf are the cleistothecia.
+In the slide you will see a cleistothecium with hyphae protruding from it.
Now, look at the prepared slide of Uncinula .
-Draw and label the cleistothecium, ascus, and hyphae.
8. Look at and draw macro-specimen of Daldinia .
Look at a prepared slide of Daldinia .
-Draw and label the perithecium, ascus, ascospores, and hyphae.
Class: Discomycetes (Apothecia)
9. Look at the macro-specimen of Morchella .
-Draw and label the stem, cap (ascocarp).
Look at prepared slide of Morchella.
- draw and label ascoma and ascospores.
Domain: Eukarya
Kingom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Hymenomycete
Genera: Boletus , Lepiota , Coprinus , Polyporus .
10. Look at macro-specimens of Lepiota (gilled mushroom) and Boletus
(pore mushroom).
-Draw and label the cap (basidiocarp), stem, gills, annulus, and pores.
11. Look at the prepared slides of Coprinus (this is a gilled fungus).
-Draw and label gill, basidia, sterigmata, and basidiospores. a) What is the nuclear condition of the basidiospores?_______ b) What are “fairy rings”? What explanation is given for their development?
12. Look at and draw macro-specimen of Polyporus .
Look at the prepared slide of Polyporus (the basidia are on the inside of the pore).
-Draw and label the basidia, sterigmata, and basidiospores.
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Class: Gasteromycetes (stomach fungi)
Puffballs, Earthstars, Stinkhorns, Bird’s nest fungus
13. Look at the macro-specimens in class.
-Draw and know the Phylum and Class of these organisms.
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Teliomycete - ( Rusts )
Puccinia graminis is heteroecious; that is, it requires two different hosts to complete its life cycle. It can grow and reproduce asexually indefinitely on its grass host, but for sexual reproduction the rust must spend part of its time on a barberry ( Berberis ) bush and part on a grass.
14. Look at prepared slides of Puccinia . On 40x.
-Aecia
– (Barberry stage) – Draw and label, Aecium, aeciospores, spermogonium. a. What is the nuclear condition of the Aeciospores? ____________.
-Uredia – (Red stage) – Draw and label, Uredinium, Urediniospores.
(Spring & Summer) b. What is the nuclear condition of the Urediniospores? ____________.
-Telia
– (Black stage) – Draw and label, Telium, teliospores.
(Late summer, early fall) c. What is the nuclear condition of the Teliospores before over wintering?
___________. d. What is the nuclear condition of the Teliospores during over wintering?
__________. e. What is the name of the process that rendered the teliospores in their over wintering nuclear state?_______________.
Class: Ustomycetes -( Smuts )
15. Observe and draw corn smut.
Mycorrhizae , which means “fungus root”, are mutual symbiotic relationships between fungi and roots. Endomycorrhizae penetrate the root cell and Ectomycorrhizae surround the root cells.
16. Look at prepared slides of Endomycorrhizae and Ectomycorrhizae and draw both .
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