THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REGIME CHANGE
Central European University
Doctoral School of Political Science, International Relations and Public Policy
Core course Comparative Politics and Political Economy Tracks
Fall Semester 2015/2016
4 CEU credits, 8 ECTS credits
Instructors
Dorothee Bohle
Professor
Department of Political Science, Central European University
Office: Nador 9, FT 903
E-mail: bohled@ceu.hu
Tel: 327-6164
&
Carsten Q. Schneider, Ph.D.
Professor, Head of Department
Department of Political Science, Central European University
Office: Nador 9, FT 903
E-mail: schneiderc@ceu.hu
Tel: 327-3086
Classes
Mondays 15.30-17.10
Wednesdays 15.30-17.10
Office Hours
???
Course Description
Over the last four decades, the world has witnessed the transition of political and economic
regimes - from autocracies to democracies and various types of political regimes in
between, and from closed to open market economies and back. The current situation
provides ground for disparate, and sometimes outright contradictory, diagnoses about the
present state of democracy around the globe, its future development, and the interaction
between economic and political processes. Clear non-democracies like China show
economic growth rates that are overwhelming both in size and duration, while rulers in
Russia and elsewhere could profit from a resource boom that has enabled them to devise
sophisticated measures to secure their power and turn their political system into hybrid
regimes. At the same time, popular uprisings in the Middle East and Northern Africa have
Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
brought down long-standing dictators and citizens seek not only social justice and economic
growth but also political democracy. Meanwhile, democracy is in crisis even in its heartland
in the North-Western hemisphere, not least due to profound economic transformations and
changes.
This course is designed to give a broad overview of the literature on the processes of
economic and political regime change and their interaction in the early and late 20 th and
early 21st century. The aim is to provide students with the analytic tools, theories, and
concepts that enable them to make better sense of the current economic and political
processes in countries around the globe, with a special emphasis on the link between
economic and political changes. The list of concepts discussed is comprised of, among
others, types of transitions, hybrid regimes, the consolidation, and the qualities of
democracy. The topic of this course will be dealt with from a global perspective. We will
thus attempt to capture cases and evidence from different world regions.
Course Requirements
The course meets twice a week. Most meetings will be a mix between lecture and seminar.
The grading will be composed of the following items:
(1) You are expected to be actively present at all sessions. In case you are unable to attend,
you need to inform us via email prior to our class. Unexcused missed classes are graded with
zero points. You are expected to reflect critically on the mandatory readings and to show
such reflection by active and stimulating interaction in class. Activity in the classroom can be
complemented with questions, suggestions, and comments to be sent to us prior to our
next meeting.
(2) Each student will have to do two presentations in class. The first one is shorter (not more
than 15-20 minutes) and it must be on one of the more conceptual topics that we are
dealing with in sessions 1 - 20. These short presentations must be single-authored.
(3) The second presentation is more extensive (around 50 minutes). You are free to choose
the topic of the presentation but it needs to be confirmed by us prior to week 8 the latest.
The presentation should contain empirical data based on which you try to make analytically
plausible and substantively interesting points. At least one week prior to your presentation,
you are asked to distribute a list of one (!) required and minimum two recommended
readings to all course participants. After your presentation you remain in the role of the
leader and moderator of the follow-up discussion in class.
(4) You are expected to review two books. You can either write two separate book reviews
(900-1000 words each, reference list not included), or one single paper that reviews two
books together (1700-1900 words, reference list not included). You are free to choose the
books but your choice needs to be approved by us. You can choose books that are on the
same topic as your (long) presentation. Edited volumes and books older than 5 years should
be chosen based on well-argued reasons. The precise deadline for the paper will be
communicated in due time.
Evaluation of Requirements
(1) In-class participation:
15%
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
(2) Smaller first presentation:
(3) Second bigger presentation:
(4) Book review:
15%
35%
35%
According to policies of the Department of Political Science, late submissions of written
assignments will be downgraded in the following manner:
- 1 minute to 24 hours late:: 1 grading point
- 24.1 hours to 48 hours:
2 grading points
- etc.
A violation of the word limit leads to the following downgrading:
- each 5 percent excess words: 1 grading point
Learning Outcomes and Their Assessment
The overall grade will primarily indicate the ability of the students to handle the core
concepts and questions in the literature on political regime changes with special focus on
political economy. The learning outcomes of the PhD program are supported and measured
by the present course in the following ways: The ability to critically assess scholarly
arguments which are based on empirical research; to write an academic paper using an
appropriate scholarly tone. The skill of formulating researchable questions is primarily
measured by the second, bigger, presentation. The ability to orally present an academic
argument is assessed through the two in-class presentations and the in-class participation.
The skills to analyze contemporary events related to political regime change and to employ
cutting-edge methods are reflected by the bigger presentation. Students will also be
exposed to, and expect to critically reflect on, general issues in doing comparative social
research, such as concept formation (i.e. how to define, conceptualize, and measure the
phenomenon under study) and different strategies of drawing inference from observational
data.
Reading Material
All the course material is available in electronic form. Additional material will be posted on
the e-learning site of the course at http://e-learning.ceu.hu/. The password will be
communicated to students who enroll for this course. Full references for those readings that
appear in brackets below are provided at the very end of this syllabus.
Course Outline
PART I - CONCEPTS
Week 1.
Political Regime Concepts – Democracy, Hybrid (Competitive
Authoritarianism, Defect) Democracy, Authoritarianism
This week aims at introducing key terms used on the regime change literature and
attempts at measuring them empirically across a larger set of cases. After learning the
basics of sound concept formation and measurement, we critically evaluate leading
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
attempts at measuring democracy, discuss the challenges of defining and identifying
hybrid regimes, and probe into the literature specifying autocratic regime types.
Seminar 1: Meaning and Measures of Democracy
Mandatory:
Coppedge, Michael, and John Gerring. 2011. “Conceptualizing and Measuring
Democracy: A New Approach.” Perspectives on Politics 9(2): 247–67.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1537592711000880 (July 27, 2011)
Munck, Gerardo L./Verkuilen, Jay (2002): Conceptualizing and measuring democracy:
evaluating alternative indices. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 35, issue 1, pp. 5-33
Recommended:
Blatter, Joachim, Andrea Blättler, and D Samuel. 2015. Political Concepts Committee on
Concepts and Methods Working Paper Series What Happened / S to Inclusion ? A Plea
and Three Proposals for Closing the Gap between Democratic Theory and Empirical
Measurement of Democracies.
(Collier, LaPorte, and Seawright 2012)
Dahl, Robert Alan (1971): Polyarchy Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale
University Press, pp. 1-16
Dahl, Robert Alan (1989): Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press,
pp. 13-33 and 213-224
Held, David (1996): Models of Democracy.(2 ed.). Stanford: Stanford University Press
Diamond, Larry (1999): Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, pp. 1-24
Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1976): Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy.(5th ed.). London:
Allen & Unwin, pp. 250-283
Adcock, Robert/Collier, David (2001): Measurement validity: a shared standard for
qualitative and quantitative research. American Political Science Review, vol. 95, issue
3, pp. 529-546
(Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland 2009)
Collier, David/Adcock, Robert (1999): Democracy and dichotomies: a pragmatic approach
to choices about concepts. Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 2, pp. 537-565
Bollen, Kenneth A. (1980): Issues in the comparative measurement of political
democracy. American Sociological Review, vol. 45, issue 3, pp. 370-390
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Bollen, Kenneth A. (1990): Political Democracy: Conceptual and Measurement Traps.
Studies in Comparative International Development , vol. 25, issue 1, pp. 7-24
Bollen, Kenneth A. (1993): Liberal democracy: validity and method factors in crossnational measures. American Journal of Political Science, vol. 37, issue 4, pp. 12071230
Bollen, Kenneth A./Jackman, Robert W. (1989): Democracy, stability, and dichotomies.
American Sociological Review, vol. 54, issue 3, pp. 612-621
Bollen, Kenneth A./Paxton, Pamela (2000): Subjective measures of liberal democracy.
Comparative Political Studies, vol. 33, issue 1, pp. 58-86
(Collier, LaPorte, and Seawright 2012)
Coppedge, Michael/Reinicke, Wolfgang H. (1990): Measuring polyarchy. Studies in
Comparative International Development, vol. 25, issue 1, pp. 51-72
Coppedge, Michael (1997): Modernization and thresholds of democracy: evidence for a
common path and process. In Midlarsky, Manus I.: Inequality. Democracy, and
Economic Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 177-201
Coppedge, Michael (2002): Democracy and dimensions. comments on Munck and
Verkuilen. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 35, issue 1, pp. 35-39
Elkins, Zachary (2000): Gradations of Democracy? Empirical tests of alternative
conceptualizations. American Journal of Political Science, vol. 44, issue 2, pp. 287-294
Gastil, Raymond Duncan (1991): The Comparative Survey of Freedom: Experiences and
Suggestions. In Inkeles, Alex: On Measuring Democracies: Its Consequences and
Concomitants. New Brunswick (New Jersey): pp. 21-46
(Gerring 2012b), chapters 5-7
(Gerring 2012a)
Mainwaring, Scott/Brinks, Daniel/Pérez-Linán, Aníbal (2001): Classifying political regimes
in Latin America, 1945-1999. Studies in Comparative International Development, vol.
36, issue 1, pp. 37-65
Marshall, Monty G./Gurr, Ted Robert/Davenport, Christian/Jaggers, Keith (2002): Polity
IV, 1800-1999. comments on Munck and Verkuilen. Comparative Political Studies, vol.
35, issue 1, pp. 40-45
McHenry, Dean E. Jr. (2000): Quantitative measures of democracy in Africa: an
assessment. Democratization, vol. 7, issue 2, pp. 168-185
(Moon et al. 2006)
Munck, Gerardo L./Verkuilen, Jay (2002): Conceptualizing and measuring democracy:
evaluating alternative indices. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 35, issue 1, pp. 5-33
(Gerardo. L. Munck 2009), chapter 9
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Przeworski, Adam (1999): Minimalist conceptions of democracy: a defense. In Shapiro,
Ian/Hacker-Cordón, Casiano: Democracy's Values. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press, pp. 23-55
Przeworski, Adam/Alvarez, Michael E./Cheibub, José Antonio/Limongi, Ferdinando
(2000): Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Material Well-Being in
the World, 1950-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 13-55
Reich, Gary (2002): Categorizing political regimes: new data for old problems.
Democratization, vol. 9, issue 4, pp. 1-24
Sartori, Giovanni (1970): Concept misformation in comparative politics. American
Political Science Review, vol. 64, issue 4, pp. 1033-1053
Sartori, Giovanni (1984): Guidelines for concept analysis. In Sartori, Giovanni: Social
Science Concepts. a Systematic Analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage, pp. 15-85
(Schedler and Mudde 2010)
(Schedler 2012a)
(Schedler 2012b)
Schmitter, Philippe C./Karl, Terry Lynn (1991): What democracy is...and is not. Journal of
Democracy, vol. 2, issue 3, pp. 75-88
Storm, Lise (2008): an elemental definition of democracy and its advantages for
comparing political regime types. Democratization, vol. 15, issue 2, pp. 215-229
Seminar 2: Autocracies and Hybrid Regimes
Mandatory:
Bogaards, Matthijs. 2012. “Where to Draw the Line? From Degree to Dichotomy in
Measures of Democracy.” Democratization 19(4): 690–712.
(Gerschewski 2013)
Recommended:
(Brooker 2000), introduction
(Brownlee 2002, 2004, 2007)
(Brownlee 2009)
(Bogaards 2010)
Chelabi, H. E./Linz Juan J. (1998): A theory of sultanism 1: a type of nondemocratic rule.
In Chehabi, H. E./Linz Juan J.: Sultanistic Regimes. Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins
University Press, pp. 3-25
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Collier, David (ed.) (1979): the New Authoritarianism in Latin America. Princeton, N.J.
Princeton University Press, pp. 19-32 and 363-307
Collier, David/Levitzky, Steven (1997): Democracy with adjectives: conceptual innovation
in comparative research. World Politics, vol. 49, issue 3, pp. 430-451
(Croissant and Wurster 2013)
Diamond, Larry (2002): Elections without democracy: thinking about hybrid regimes.
Journal of Democracy, vol. 13, issue 2, pp. 21-35
Gandhi, Jenniver/Przeworski, Adam C. (2007): Authoritarian institutions and the survival
of autocrats. Comparative Political Studies, vol. 40, issue 11, pp. 1279-1301
(Gandhi 2008)
(Gandhi and Lust-Oskar 2009)
(Krastev 2011)
(Levitzky and Way 2010)
Linz, Juan José (2000): Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, CO: L. Rienner,
pp. 49-63
Linz, Juan José (1975): Totalitarian and authoritarian regimes. In Greenstein, Fred
I./Polsby, Nelson W.: Handbook of Political Science. Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, pp. 175-411
Linz, Juan José/Stepan, Alfred (1996): Problems of Democratic Transition and
Consolidation Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist Europe.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 55-65
(Magaloni 2006)
(Magaloni 2008)
Merkel, Wolfgang/Croissant, Aurel (2000): Formal institutions and informal rules of
defective democracies. Central European Political Science Review, vol. 2, pp. 31-48
Merkel, Wolfgang (2004): Embedded and defective democracies. Democratization, vol.
11, issue 5, pp. 33-58
(Miller 2013)
(Morlino 2009)
Munck, Gerardo L. (2006): Drawing boundaries: how to draft intermediate regime
categories. In Schedler, Andreas: Electoral Authoritarianism. the Dynamics of Unfree
Competition. Boulder/London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 27-40
Ottaway, Marina (2003): Democracy Challenged: the Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism .
Washington, D.C: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
(Schedler 2009a)
(Schedler 2009b)
(Schedler 2009c)
(Schedler 2010)
hirah, R. 2015. “Electoral Authoritarianism and Political Unrest.” International Political
Science Review. http://ips.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0192512115580185.
(Svolik 2009)
Week 2.
Political Regime Concepts continued (CoD, QoD) and Economic Regime
Concepts started
We unpack the notions of consolidation and quality of democracy. During the second
session of the week, we specify core economic regime concepts, starting with capitalism.
Seminar 3: Consolidation of Regimes
Mandatory:
(Göbel 2010)
Herman, Lise Esther. 2015. “Re-Evaluating the Post-Communist Success Story: Party Elite
Loyalty, Citizen Mobilization and the Erosion of Hungarian Democracy.” European
Political Science Review: 1–34.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1755773914000472.
Recommended:
Altman, David/Pérez-Linán, Aníbal (2002): Assessing the quality of democracy: freedom,
competition and participation in eighteen Latin American countries. Democratization,
vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 85-100
(Bühlmann, Merkel, and Wessels 2008)
Diamond, Larry/Morlino, Leonardo (eds.) (2005): Assessing the Quality of Democracy.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Diamond, Larry (1999): Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press, pp. 64-116
Gunther, Richard/Diamandouros, Nikiforos P./Puhle, Hans-Jürgen (1996): O'Donnell's
"illusions": a rejoinder. Journal of Democracy, vol. 7, issue 4, pp. 151-159
(Knutsen 2010)
(Gerardo L. Munck 2012)
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
O'Donnell, Guillermo/Vargas Cullell, Jorge/Iazzetta, Osvaldo M. (eds.) (2004): The Quality
of Democracy: Theory and Applications. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame
Press
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. (1996): Illusions about consolidation. Journal of Democracy, vol.
7, issue 2, pp. 34-51
O'Donnell, Guillermo (1996): Illusions and Conceptual Flaws. Journal of Democracy, vol.
7, issue 4, pp. 151-168
Rothstein, Bo/Teorell, Jan (2008): What is quality of government? a theory of impartial
government institutions. Governance, vol. 21, issue 2, pp. 165-190
Schedler, Andreas (1998): What is democratic consolidation? Journal of Democracy, vol.
9, issue 2, pp. 91-107
Schedler, Andreas (1998): How should we study democratic consolidation?
Democratization, vol. 5, issue 4, pp. 1-19
(Schmitter 2004)
Schedler, Andreas (2001): Measuring democratic consolidation. Studies in Comparative
International Development, vol. 36, issue 1, pp. 66-92
Schneider, Carsten Q./Schmitter, Philippe C. (2004): Liberalization, transition and
consolidation. measuring the components of democratization. Democratization, vol.
11, issue 5, pp. 59-90
Seminar 4: What is capitalism, how has it evolved over time and how does it vary across
space?
Mandatory
Fulcher, James. Capitalism: A Very Short Introduction. OUP Oxford, 2004, Chapters 1, 3,
4, pp. 1-18, 38-58.
Hall, Peter A., and David Soskice, eds. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional
Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford University Press., Selections from
chapter 1, An Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism, pp. 1-44.
Recommended:
Esping-Andersen, Gosta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton
University Press.
Hirschman, Albert O. 1992. Rival Views of Market Society and Other Recent Essays.
Harvard University Press.
Hancké, Bob. 2009. Debating Varieties of Capitalism: A Reader. Oxford ; New York:
Oxford University Press.
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Harvey, David. 2011. The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism. Profile Books.
Harvey, David. 2014. Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism. Oxford
University Press.
Hodgson, Geoff. 2015. Conceptualizing Capitalism: Institutions, Evolution, Future.
Chicago ; London: University Of Chicago Press.
Williamson, Oliver E. 1985. The Economic Intstitutions of Capitalism. Simon and Schuster.
Week 3.
Economic Regime Concepts continued (Developmental Regimes, Socialism)
This week introduces basic variations of developmental regimes and the characteristic
features of the socialist system
Seminar 5: Conceptualizing late development
Mandatory:
Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective: A
Book of Essays. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, chapter 1, pp.
5-30.
Hirschman, Albert O. 1968. “The Political Economy of Import-Substituting
Industrialization in Latin America.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1–32.
Kohli, Atul. 1994. “Where Do High Growth Political Economies Come from? The Japanese
Lineage of Korea’s ‘Developmental State.’” World Development 22 (9): 1269–93.
Recommended:
Amsden, Alice. 1992. Asia’s next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization. Oxford
University Press.
Amsden, Alice. 1994. The Market Meets Its Match: Restructuring the Economies of
Eastern Europe. Harvard University Press.
Amsden, Alice. 2001. The Rise of“ the Rest”: Challenges to the West from LateIndustrializing Economies. Oxford University Press..
Evans, Peter B. 1979. Dependent Development: The Alliance of Multinational, State, and
Local Capital in Brazil. Princeton University Press.
Cardoso, Fernando Henrique, and Enzo Faletto. 1979. Dependency and Development in
Latin America. Univ of California Press.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Gore, Charles. 2000. “The Rise and Fall of the Washington Consensus as a Paradigm for
Developing Countries.” World Development 28 (5): 789–804.
Wade, Robert. 1990. Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of
Government in East Asian Industrialization. Princeton University Press.
Gereffi, Gary, and Donald L. Wyman. 2014. Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of
Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia. Princeton University Press..
Seminar 6: The Socialist Economy
Mandatory:
Kornai, János. 1992. The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism.
Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, pp. 360-379
Maier, Charles S. 1991. Why Did Communism Collapse in 1989? Minda de Gunzburg
Center for European Studies, Harvard University.
https://ces.fas.harvard.edu/files/working_papers/CEE_7.pdf.
Recommended:
Adaman, Fikret, and Pat Devine. 1996. “The Economics Calculation Debate: Lessons for
Socialists.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 20 (5): 523–37.
Berend, Iván T. 1996. Central and Eastern Europe, 1944-1993: Detour from the Periphery
to the Periphery. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bunce, Valerie. 1985. “The Empire Strikes Back: The Evolution of the Eastern Bloc from a
Soviet Asset to a Soviet Liability.” International Organization, 1–46.
Berend, Iván T. 1996. Central and Eastern Europe, 1944-1993: Detour from the Periphery
to the Periphery. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Dobb, Maurice. 1933. “Economic Theory and the Problems of a Socialist Economy.” The
Economic Journal 43 (172): 588. doi:10.2307/2224505.
Lavigne, Marie. 1991. International Political Economy and Socialism. Cambridge
University Press.
Sampson, Steven L. 1987. “The Second Economy of the Soviet Union and Eastern
Europe.” The annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 493 (1):
120–36.
Szelenyi, Ivan, and George Konrad. 1979. “The Intellectuals on the Road to Class Power.”
New York: Hartcourt, Brace and Jovanovich.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Week 4.
Stability and Change
In this week, we explore the different notions and findings with regard to role of stability
and change on social and political phenomena. In the regime change literature, the
period in-between two types of political regimes is usually referred to as the transition
phase. We will learn about the differences of this particular moment in time and how to
best study the causes and effects of different modes of transition. Institutional political
economy literature also discusses the role of stability and change. While in earlier
literature, the concept of critical junctures played an important role, more recently, the
literature tries to conceptualize incremental but cumulative transformative change.
Seminar 7: Forms of regime change (pact, revolutions, reforms)
Mandatory:
(Gunitsky 2014)
(Schneider 2009), chap 7
Recommended:
Anderson, Lisa (ed.) (1999): Transitions to Democracy. New York: Columbia University
Press
Bermeo, Nancy (1997): Myths of moderation. confrontation and conflict during
democratic transitions. Comparative Politics, vol. April, pp. 305-322
Bratton, Michael/Van de Walle, Nicolas (1994): Neopatrimonial regimes and political
transitions in Africa. World Politics, vol. 46, issue 4, pp. 453-489
Bunce, Valerie (1995): Should transitologists be grounded? Slavic Review, vol. 54, issue 1,
pp. 112-127
Bunce, Valerie (1995): Paper curtains and paper tigers. Slavic Review, vol. 54, issue 4, pp.
980-987
Bunce, Valerie (1999): The political economy of postsocialism. Slavic Review, vol. 58,
issue 4, pp. 756-793
Bunce, Valerie (1998): Regional differences in democratization. Post-Soviet Affairs, vol.
14, pp. 187-211
Bunce, Valerie (2000): The place of place in democratic transitions. In Dobry, Michel:
Democratic and Capitalist Transitions in Eastern Europe: Lessons for the Social
Sciences . Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer Publishers, pp. 71-90
Bunce, Valerie (2003): Rethinking recent democratization. lessons from the
postcommunist experience. World Politics, vol. 55, issue 1, pp. 167-192
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Di Palma, Giuseppe (1990): To Craft Democracies. An Essay on Democratic Transitions.
Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1-13
Karl, Terry Lynn/Schmitter, Philippe C. (1995): From an iron curtain to a paper curtain:
Grounding transitologists or students of postcommunism? Slavic Review, vol. 54, issue
4, pp. 965-978
Karl, Terry Lynn/Schmitter, Philippe C. (2002): Concepts, assumptions & hypotheses
about democratizations: reflections on 'stretching' from South to East. Prepared for
workshop on Regime Transitions: Transitions from Communist Rule in Comparative
perspective, Stanford University, November 15-16
Kitschelt, Herbert (1992): Political regime change: structure and process-driven
explanations? American Political Science Review, vol. 86, issue 4, pp. 1028-1034
(Lindberg 2009)
McFaul, Michael (2002): The fourth wave of democracy and dictatorship.
noncooperative transitions in the postcommunist world. World Politics, vol. 54, issue
1, pp. 212-244
Munck, Gerardo L./Skalnik Leff, Carol (1997): Modes of transition and democratization.
South America and Eastern Europe in comparative perspective. Comparative Politics,
vol. 29, issue 3, pp. 343-362
O'Donnell, Guillermo A. (2002): In partial defense of an evanescent "paradigm". Journal
of Democracy, vol. 13, issue 3, pp. 6-12
(O’Donnell 2010)
Przeworski, Adam (1986): Some problems in the study of transition to democracy. In
O'Donnell, Guillermo A./Schmitter, Philippe C.: Transitions From Authoritarian Rule:
Prospects for Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 57-61
Przeworski, Adam (1992): The games of transition. In Mainwaring, Scott/O'Donnell,
Guillermo A./Valenzuela, Samuel: Issues in Democratic Consolidation. the New South
American Democracies in Comparative Perspective. Notre Dame: University of Notre
Dame Press, pp. 105-152
Rustow, Dankwart (1970): Transitions to democracy: toward a dynamic model.
Comparative Politics, vol. 2, pp. 337-363
(Schmitter 2010)
Schmitter, Philippe C./Karl, Terry Lynn (1994): The conceptual travels of transitologists
and consolidologists: How far to the East should they attempt to go? Slavic Review,
vol. 53, issue 1, pp. 173-185
Stepan, Alfred (1986): Paths towards redemocratization. theoretical and comparative
considerations. In O'Donnell, Guillermo A./Schmitter, Philippe C.: Transitions From
Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives. Baltimore, London: Johns Hopkins
University Press, pp. 64-84
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Seminar 8: Change and Continuity in capitalism
Mandatory:
Sewell, William H. 2012. “Economic Crises and the Shape of Modern History.” Public
Culture 24 (2 67): 303–27.
Streeck, Wolfgang, and Kathleen Thelen, eds. 2005. Beyond Continuity: Institutional
Change in Advanced Political Economies. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press,
chapter 1, pp. 1-37.
Recommended:
Collier, Ruth Berins, and David Collier. 2002. Shaping the Political Arena. University of
Notre Dame.
Jessop, Bob, ed. 2001. Regulation Theory and the Crisis of Capitalism. An Elgar Reference
Collection. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Pub.
Krippner, Greta R. 2012. Capitalizing on Crisis: The Political Origins of the Rise of Finance.
Gld edition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Harvey, David. 1984. The Limits to Capital. Oxford: Blackwell.
———. 2011. The Enigma of Capital: And the Crises of Capitalism. Profile Books.
http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=JSDSDZ72aKsC&oi=fnd&pg=PR6&dq=
Harvey,+david&ots=se2DLvnU0m&sig=4awxOe_jBy3Ips1RY-P5LCl8IZY.
———. 2014. Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism. Oxford University
Press.
Mahoney, James, and Kathleen Thelen, eds. 2009. Explaining Institutional Change:
Ambiguity, Agency, and Power. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Moschella, Manuela, and Eleni Tsingou. 2013. Great Expectations, Slow Transformations.
Colchester: ECPR Press.
http://press.ecprnet.eu/documents/sampleChapters/9781910259290.pdf.
Streeck, Wolfgang. 2009. Re-Forming Capitalism: Institutional Change in the German
Political Economy. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press.
Thelen, Kathleen. 2014. Varieties of Liberalization and the New Politics of Social
Solidarity. Cambridge ; New York, N.Y: Cambridge University Press.
Sewell, William H. 2008. “The Temporalities of Capitalism†.” Socio-Economic Review 6
(3): 517–37.
Stark, David. 1996. “Recombinant Property in East European Capitalism.” American
Journal of Sociology, 993–1027.
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PART II –MODERNIZATION, DEMOCRACY AND AUTHORITARIANISM
Week 5.
Fascism, Communism and Democracy in Europe
The question whether capitalism fosters or impairs democracy has produced most heated
debates. For decades, Barrington Moore’s proposition: “No bourgeois, no democracy”
has been a cornerstone of this debate. This week discusses Moore’s original argument on
the social origins of fascism, communism and democracy, and explores alternative
historical approaches to (non-)democratization.
Seminar 9: The classical formulation: Barrington Moore
Mandatory:
Moore, Barrington. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in
the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press, 1993, pp. 413-483
Recommended:
Huber, Evelyne, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and John D. Stephens. “The Impact of Economic
Development on Democracy.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 3 (July 1,
1993): 71–86.
Therborn, Goran: The Rule of Capital and the Rise of Democracy,” New Left Review
103:3-41.
Bernhard, Michael. “The Moore Thesis: What’s Left after 1989?” In 101st. Annual
Meeting of the American Political Science Association (APSA), Washington, DC, 2005.
http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/bernhard/content/moorethesis6.pdf
Berman, Sheri. 2001. “Modernization in Historical Perspective: The Case of Imperial
Germany,” World Politics 53:431-462.
Bernhard, Michael. 2001. “Democratization in Germany: A Reappraisal,” Comparative
Politics 33:379-400.
Luebbert Gregory. 1991. Liberalism, Fascism, or Social Democracy. Oxford, Oxford University
Press.
Moore, Barrington. 1978. Injustice: the Social Bases of Obedience and Revolt. White Plains
N.Y, M.E. Sharpe
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Skocpol, Theda. 1994. “A Critical Review of Barrington Moore’s Social Origins of Dictatorship
and Democracy,” in Social Revolution in the Modern World. Cambridge, Cambridge
University Press. Pp. 25-54.
Seminar 10: Early (non-)democratization
Mandatory:
Thomson, Henry. 2015. “Landholding Inequality, Political Strategy, and Authoritarian
Repression: Structure and Agency in Bismarck’s ‘Second Founding’ of the German
Empire.” Studies in Comparative International Development 50(March): 73–97
(Ziblatt 2009)
Recommended:
(Capoccia and Ziblatt 2010)
(Doorenspleet 2005)
Huntington, Samuel P. (1991): How countries democratize. Political Science Quarterly,
vol. 106, issue 4, pp. 579-616
Week 6.
Is there a link between economic development and authoritarianism?
The causal link between economic development and the type of political regime is an old,
yet still inconclusively discussed topic. Different strands of modernization theory argue
that economic development precedes (or even must precede) political development in
terms of democratization. Others argue that economic development can sometimes
hinder democratization. A related question is whether, once in place, democracies
economically outperform autocracies. We will shed some light on these questions mostly
from a more historical perspective.
Seminar 11: Modernization theory
Mandatory:
Treisman, Daniel. 2014. “Income, Democracy, and Leader Turnover.” American Journal of
Political Science 00(0): n/a – n/a. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ajps.12135 (December
17, 2014).
(Welzel 2013), pages 1-33
Recommended:
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Almond, Gabriel Abraham/Verba, Sidney (1963): The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes in
Five Nations. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Dalton, Russell (2004): Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices: the Erosion of
Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Inglehart, Ronald (1977): The Silent Revolution Changing Values and Political Styles
Among Western Publics. Princeton: Princeton U Press
Inglehart, Ronald (1990): Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton:
Princeton U Press
Inglehart, Ronald (1997): Modernization and Postmodernization Cultural, Economic and
Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press
Klingemann, Hans-Dieter/Fuchs, Dieter (eds.) (1995): Citizens and the State. Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Klingemann, Hans-Dieter (1999): Mapping political support in the 1990s. a global
analysis. In Norris, Pippa: Critical Citizens. Global Support for Democratic Government.,
pp. 31-56 pp. 31-56
(Lipset 1959)
Lipset, Seymour Martin (1993): The social requisites of democracy revisited. American
Sociological Review, vol. 59, issue 1, pp. 1-22
Merkel, Wolfgang (2002): Civil Society and Democratic Consolidation in Central and
Eastern Europe. Central European Political Science Review, vol. 3, issue 10, pp. 78-100
Muller, Edward N./Seligson, Mitchell A. (1994): Civic culture and democracy. the
question of causal relationship. American Political Science Review, vol. 88, issue 3, pp.
635-652
Pharr, Susan J./Putnam, Robert D./Dalton, Russell J. (2000): A quarter-century of
declining confidence. Journal of Democracy, vol. 11, issue 2, pp. 7-25
Przeworski, Adam, and Ferdinando Limongi. 1997. “Modernization. Theories and Facts.”
World Politics 49(1): 155–83.
Putnam, Robert D. (1976): The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Englewood Cliffs:
Prentice-Hall
Rose, Richard/Mishler, William (2002): Comparing regime support in non-democratic
and democratic countries. Democratization, vol. 9, issue 2, pp. 1-20
Schmitter, Philippe (1997): Civil society East and West. In Diamond, Larry/Plattner, Marc
F./Chu, Yun-han/Tien, Hung-mao: Consolidating the Third Wave Democracies : Themes
and Perspectives . Baltimore, Md. Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 239-262
Seligson, Mitchell A. (2002): The renaissance of political culture or the renaissance of the
ecological fallacy. Comparative Politics, vol. 34, issue 3, pp. 273-292
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
And reply from Inglehart and Welzel, available at
http://www.worldvaluessurvey.net/Upload/5_Ecolfal3.pdf
(Teorell 2010), chapter 3
Welzel, Christian/Inglehart, Ronald/Klingemann, Hans-Dieter (2003): The theory of
human development: a cross-cultural analysis. European Journal of Political Research,
vol. 42, issue 3, pp. 341-379
Welzel, Christian (2006): Democratization as an emancipative process: the neglected role
of mass motivations. European Journal of Political Research, vol. 45,
Seminar 12: Industrialization and Political Change
Mandatory:
Kurth, James R. 1979. “Industrial Change and Political Change: A European Perspective.”
In: Collier, David, and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, eds. 1979. The New
Authoritarianism in Latin America, 319–62.
Recommended:
Bértola, Luis, and José Antonio Ocampo. 2012. The Economic Development of Latin
America Since Independence. Oxford University Press.
Collier, David, and Fernando Henrique Cardoso, eds. 1979. The New Authoritarianism in
Latin America. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press.
Hirschman, Albert O. 1981. “Authoritarianism in Latin America.” In Essays in Trespassing:
Economics to Politics and Beyond, 98–136. CUP, 98-136
Kohli, Atul. 2004. State-Directed Development: Political Power and Industrialization in the
Global Periphery. Cambridge University Press.
Kurth, James R. 1979. “The Political Consequences of the Product Cycle: Industrial
History and Political Outcomes.” International Organization 33 (01): 1–34.
Im, Hyug Baeg. 1987. “The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea.” World
Politics 39 (02): 231–57.
O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1978. “Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the BureaucraticAuthoritarian State.” Latin American Research Review, 3–38.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Week 7.
democracy
The challenges of Eastern Europe’s double transformation to capitalism and
In the early 1990s, Claus Offe and Jon Elster have famously warned that Eastern Europe
faces unsurmountable difficulties when installing capitalism and democracy simultaneously.
Why and how have some countries in the region successfully managed the challenges of the
double (and triple) transformation, while others have not? What was the impact of the
socialist system on post-socialist capitalism and democracies?
Seminar 13: Building States and Markets
Mandatory:
Frye, Timothy. 2010. Building States and Markets After Communism: The Perils of
Polarized Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press, Introduction and
chapter 1, pp. 1-47
Bohle, Dorothee, and Béla Greskovits. 2012. Capitalist Diversity on Europe’s Periphery.
Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, chapter 2, pp. 55-95.
Recommended:
Claus Offe (1991). “Capitalism by Democratic Design? Democratic Theory Facing the
Triple Transformation in East Central Europe”, Social Research, 58(4), 865–92
Ekiert, Grzegorz, and Stephen E. Hanson. Capitalism and Democracy in Central and
Eastern Europe: Assessing the Legacy of Communist Rule. Cambridge University Press,
2003.
Eyal, Gil, Iván Szelényi, and Eleanor R Townsley. 1998. Making Capitalism without
Capitalists: Class Formation and Elite Struggles in Post-Communist Central Europe.
London: Verso.
Greskovits, Béla. The Political Economy of Protest and Patience: East European and Latin
American Transformations Compared. Central European University Press, 1998.
Grzymala-Busse, Anna. 2007. Rebuilding Leviathan: Party Competition and State
Exploitation in Post-Communist Democracies. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge
University Press.
Kitschelt, Herbert, Zdenka Mansfeldová, Radoslaw Markowski, and Gábor Tóka, eds.
1999. Post-Communist Party Systems: Competition, Representation, and Inter-Party
Cooperation. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge ; New York:
Cambridge University Press.
Kitschelt, Herbert. 2003. “Accounting for Postcommunist Regime Diversity: What Counts
as a Good Cause?” In Capitalism and Democracy in Central and Eastern Europe:
Assessing the Legacy of Communist Rule, 49–86. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge
University Press.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Roberts, Andrew L. The Quality of Democracy in Eastern Europe: Public Preferences and
Policy Reforms. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009
Stark, David and Laszlo Bruszt. 1998. Postsocialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and
Property in East Central Europe. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics. Cambridge
[England] ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Seminar 14: Eastern Europe’s electoral revolutions
Mandatory Reading
Bunce, Valerie J., and Sharon L. Wolchik. 2011. Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in
Postcommunist Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, chapters 1-2, pp.
3-53.
Recommended Reading
(Beissinger 2007)
Finkel, Evgeny, and Yitzhak M. Brudny. 2012. “No More Colour! Authoritarian Regimes
and Colour Revolutions in Eurasia.” Democratization 19 (1): 1–14.
Kalandadze, Katya, and Mitchell A. Orenstein. 2009. “Electoral Protests and
Democratization: Beyond the Color Revolutions.” Comparative Political Studies.
PART III – CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
Week 8.
(Failed) Transitions and New Autocratic Regime Forms
In the eyes of most observers, after the so-called colored revolutions, the “Arab Spring”
constitutes the last set of instances of failed transitions. In this week, we try to take stock
of the processes and events and discuss which changes short of full-scale
democratization, these events might have triggered. In addition to comparing the Arab
Spring to events in Central and Eastern Europe in 1989 and in Europe in 1848, we come
back to the issue of what (new forms) of non-democracies have been emerging in the
recent past and partly in response to failed attempts at democratization.
Seminar 15:
Mandatory:
(Geddes, Wright, and Frantz 2014)
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Recommended:
(Hadenius and Teorell 2007)
(Schedler 2011)
(Schedler 2013)
Seminar 16: MENA and the Arab Spring in Comparison with other world regions
Mandatory:
Hussain, Muzammil M., and Philip N. Howard. 2013. “What Best Explains Successful
Protest Cascades? ICTs and the Fuzzy Causes of the Arab Spring.” International Studies
Review 15(1): 48–66. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/misr.12020 (November 7, 2014).
Yom, Sean. 2015. “The Arab Spring: One Region, Several Puzzles, and Many
Explanations.” Government and Opposition: 1–23.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0017257X15000196
Recommended:
(Albrecht and Schlumberger 2004)
(Barany 2011)
(Beissinger 2007)
(Bellin 2012)
(Braizat 2010)
(Brownlee, Masoud, and Reynolds 2013)
(Carey and Reynolds 2011)
(Cavatorta 2010)
(B. H. E. Hale 2005)
(H. E. Hale 2006)
Herd, Graeme P. (2005): Colorful revolutions and CIS: "manufactured' versus "managed"
democracy. Problems of Post-Communism, vol. 52, issue 2, pp. 3-18
(Howard and Walters 2014)
Kopstein, Jeffrey S./Reilly, David A. (2000): Geographic diffusion and the transformation
of the postcommunist world. World Politics, vol. 53, issue October, pp. 1-37
(Plattner 2011)
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
(Schlumberger 2007)
(Volpi and Cavatorta 2006)
(Way 2011)
(Weyland 2012)
Week 9.
European Integration, the Great Recession and Democracy
There is a widely shared concern that supranational integration, in combination with the fallout from the Great Recession has started to undermine democracy in Europe. At the same
time, in some political quarters an alternative economic model – authoritarian capitalism – is
considered superior to liberal democratic capitalism. This week we explore the repercussions
of the crisis and the new European economic governance on democratic support, and study
political and economic aspects of liberal capitalisms new contender.
Seminar 17: Austerity and democratic legitimacy in Europe
**** These readings might still be updated *******
Mandatory:
Scharpf, Fritz W. 2013. Political Legitimacy in a Non-Optimal Currency Area. 13/15.
MPIfG Discussion Paper 13/15. http://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/87733.
Mény, Yves. 2015. “«It’s Politics, Stupid!»: The Hollowing out of Politics in Europe-and Its
Return, with a Vengeance.” Stato E Mercato 35 (1): 3–28.
Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2014. “Political Mobilization in Times of Crises: The Relationship
between Economic and Political Crises.”
http://www.eui.eu/Projects/POLCON/Documents/Kriesicrises2014.pdf.
Recommended:
Armingeon, Klaus, and Kai Guthmann. 2014. “Democracy in Crisis? The Declining Support
for National Democracy in European Countries, 2007–2011.” European Journal of
Political Research. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1475-6765.12046/full
Bohle, Dorothee. 2014. “Responsible Government and Capitalism’s Cycles.” West
European Politics 37 (2): 288–308.
Blyth, Mark. 2013. Austerity: The History of a Dangerous Idea. Oxford ; New York: Oxford
University Press.
Deutschmann, Christoph. 2014. “The Future of the European Union A ‘Hayekian’
Regime?” European Journal of Social Theory 17 (3): 343–58.
doi:10.1177/1368431014530924.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Kriesi, Hanspeter. 2013. “Democratic Legitimacy: Is There a Legitimacy Crisis in
Contemporary Politics?” Politische Vierteljahresschrift 54 (4): 609–38.
Laffan, Brigid. 2014. “Testing Times: The Growing Primacy of Responsibility in the Euro
Area.” West European Politics 37 (2): 270–87.
Mudde, Cas. 2014. “The Far Right and the European Elections.” Current History 113
(761): 98–103.
O’Rourke, Kevin H. (2011). A Tale of Two Trilemmas. Dublin: Department of Economics
and IIIS, Trinity College, available at
http://ineteconomics.org/sites/inet.civicactions.net/files/BWpaper_OROURKE_04081
1.pdf
Scharpf, Fritz W. (2011): “Monetary Union: Fiscal Crisis and the Pre-emption of
Democracy.” LSE Europe in Question Discussion Paper Series, LEQS Paper 36/2011
Seminar 18: The compatibility of capitalism and democracy after the Great Recession
**** These readings might still be updated *******
Merkel, Wolfgang. 2014. “Is Capitalism Compatible with Democracy?” Zeitschrift Für
Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 8 (2): 109–28.
Streeck, Wolfgang. 2011. “The Crises of Democratic Capitalism.” New Left Review, II, no.
71 (October): 5–29.
Diamond, Larry. 2015. “Facing up to the Democratic Recession.” Journal of Democracy
26 (1): 141–55.
Recommended:
Streeck, Wolfgang and Schäfer, Armin (eds). 2013. Politics in the Age of Austerity.
Cambridge, UK: Polity.
Streeck, Wolfgang. 2014. Buying Time: The Delayed Crisis of Democratic Capitalism.
Brooklyn, NY: Verso.
Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan Way. 2015. “The Myth of Democratic Recession.” Journal of
Democracy 26 (1): 45–58.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Week 10.
Inequality: the Achilles heel of capitalist democracies?
In this week we study one of the most pervasive phenomena in contemporary democratic
(and non-democratic) societies: the rise of inequalities. We will distinguish between
social and political inequalities. When reflecting on the potential causal relationship
between the two, we further differentiate between inequalities within countries
(between social groups) and inequalities between countries (both in terms of types and
degrees of inequality).
Seminar 19: Inequality and regime change
Mandatory:
(Haggard and Kaufman 2012)
(Slater, Smith, and Nair 2014)
(Smith 2008)
Recommended:
(Acemoglu and Robinson 2001)
Acemoglu, Daron/Robinson, James A. (2005): Economic Origins of Dictatorship and
Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
(Anderson and Beramendi 2008)
(Bartels 2008)
Boix, Carles (2003): Democracy and Redistribution. New York : Cambridge University
Press
Bollen, Kenneth A./Jackman, Robert W. (1995): Income inequality and democratization
revisited: comment on Muller. American Sociological Review, vol. 60, pp. 983-989
(Bourguignon, Levin, and Rosenblatt 2004)
(Gilens 2005)
(Gilens 2009)
(Jaime-Castillo 2009)
Karl, Terry Lynn (2000): Economic inequality and democratic stability. Journal of
Democracy, vol. 11, issue 1, pp. 149-156
Muller, Edward N. (1995): Income inequality and democratization: reply to Bollen and
Jackman. American Sociological Review, vol. 60, pp. 990-996
Ringen, Stein (2006): Reflections on inequality and equality. Social Science Research
Center Berlin (WZB), SP I 2006 - 201
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
(Solt 2008)
(Soroka and Wlezien 2008)
Tilly, Charles (2003): Inequality, democratization, and de-democratization. Sociological
Theory, vol. 21, issue 1, pp. 37-43
Seminar 20: The relation between social and political inequalities
Mandatory:
(Schneider and Makszin 2013)
Recommended:
(Alderson 2002)
(Lijphart 1997)
(Lutz and Marsh 2007)
(Marien, Hooghe, and Quintelier 2010)
Piketty, Thomas. Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge Massachusetts: Belknap
Press, 2014. Introduction, p. 1-38
Schäfer, Armin, I. Panel, and Demokratische Legitimation und Wirtschaftspolitik. 2013.
“Liberalization, Inequality and Democracy’s Discontent’.” Politics in the Age of
Austerity, 169–95.
(Teorell, Torcal, and Montero 2007)
Weeks 11 + 12.
Student Presentations
Students are responsible for assigning mandatory and recommended readings for the
topic of their choice.
Reference list of readings above in parentheses
Acemoglu, Daron, and James A Robinson. 2001. “A Theory of Political Transitions.” The
American Economic Review 91(4): 938–63.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Albrecht, Holger, and Oliver Schlumberger. 2004. “‘Waiting for Godot’: Regime Change
without Democratization in the Middle East.” International Political Science Review
25(4): 371–92. http://ips.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/25/4/371.pdf.
Alderson, Arthur S. 2002. “Globalization and the Great U-Turn : Income Inequality Trends in
16 OECD Countries 1.” American Journal of Sociology 107(5): 1244–99.
Anderson, Christopher, and Pablo Beramendi. 2008. “Income, Inequality, and Electoral
Participation.” In Democracy, Inequality, and Representation: A Comparative
Perspective, , 278.
Barany, Zoltan. 2011. “Comparing the Arab Revolts: The Role of the Military.” Journal Of
Democracy 22(4): 24–35.
Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age.
New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Beissinger, Mark R. 2007. “Structure and Example in Modular Political Phenomena: The
Diffusion of Bulldozer/rose/orange/tulip Revolutions.” Perspectives on Politics 5(2):
259–76.
Bellin, Eva. 2012. “Reconsidering the Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East
Lessons from the Arab Spring.” Comparative Politics 23(2): 127–49.
Bogaards, Matthijs. 2010. “Measures of Democratization: From Degree to Type to War.”
Political Research Quarterly 63(2): 475–88.
———. 2012. “Where to Draw the Line? From Degree to Dichotomy in Measures of
Democracy.” Democratization 19(4): 690–712.
Bourguignon, Francois, Victoria Levin, and David Rosenblatt. 2004. “Declining International
Inequality and Economic Divergence: Reviewing the Evidence through Different
Lenses.” Economic Internationale 100(4): 13–25.
Braizat, Fares. 2010. “The Meanings of Democracy: What Arabs Think.” Journal Of
Democracy 21(4): 131–38.
Brooker, Paul. 2000. Non-Democratic Regimes: Theory, Government and Politics.
Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan.
Brownlee, Jason. 2002. “... and yet They Persist: Explaining Regime Survival and Transition in
Neopatrimonial Regimes.” Studies in Comparative International Development 37(3):
35–63.
———. 2004. Ruling Parties and Durable Authoritarianism. Stanord Institute on
International Studies: Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law.
———. 2007. Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
———. 2009. “Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic Transitions.”
American Journal of Political Science 53(3): 515–32.
http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00384.x.
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
Brownlee, Jason, Tarek Masoud, and Andrew Reynolds. 2013. “Why the Modest Harvest?”
Journal of Democracy 24(4): 29–44.
http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/journal_of_democracy/v024/24.4.brow
nlee.html.
Bühlmann, Marc, Wolfgang Merkel, and Bernhard Wessels. 2008. The Quality of Democracy:
Democracy Barometer for Established Democracies. berlin. http://www.nccrdemocracy.uzh.ch/publications/workingpaper/pdf/WP10.pdf (November 24, 2009).
Capoccia, G., and D. Ziblatt. 2010. “The Historical Turn in Democratization Studies: A New
Research Agenda for Europe and Beyond.” Comparative Political Studies 43(8-9): 931–
68. http://cps.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0010414010370431 (September 4, 2010).
Carey, John M, and Andrew Reynolds. 2011. “Comparing the Arab Revolts the Impact of
Election Systems.” Journal Of Democracy 22(4): 36–47.
Cavatorta, Francesco. 2010. “The Convergence of Governance: Upgrading Authoritarianism
in the Arab World and Downgrading Democracy Elsewhere?” Middle East Critique
19(3): 217–32.
Cheibub, José Antonio, Jennifer Gandhi, and James Raymond Vreeland. 2009. “Democracy
and Dictatorship Revisited.” Public Choice 143(1-2): 67–101.
http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/s11127-009-9491-2 (October 13, 2010).
Collier, D., J. LaPorte, and J. Seawright. 2012. “Putting Typologies to Work: Concept
Formation, Measurement, and Analytic Rigor.” Political Research Quarterly 65(1): 217–
32. http://prq.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/1065912912437162 (November 16,
2012).
Coppedge, Michael, and John Gerring. 2011. “Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy: A
New Approach.” Perspectives on Politics 9(2): 247–67.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1537592711000880 (July 27, 2011).
Croissant, Aurel, and Stefan Wurster. 2013. “Special Issue: The Performance and Persistence
of Autocracies.” Contemporary Politics 19(1).
Doorenspleet, Renske. 2005. Democratic Transitions: Exploring the Structural Sources of the
Fourth Wave. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Gandhi, Jennifer. 2008. Political Institutions under Dictatorship. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Gandhi, Jennifer, and Ellen Lust-Oskar. 2009. “Elections under Authoritarianism.” Annual
Review of Political Science 12: 403–22.
Geddes, Barbara, Joseph Wright, and Erica Frantz. 2014. “Autocratic Breakdown and Regime
Transitions: A New Data Set.” Perspectives on Politics 12(02): 313–31.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1537592714000851 (October 30, 2014).
Gerring, John. 2012a. “Mere Description.” British Journal of Political Science 42(04): 721–46.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0007123412000130 (October 28, 2012).
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Bohle & Schneider, PhD Course, Winter 2015
———. 2012b. Strategies Social Science Methodology. A Unified Framework. second.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gerschewski, Johannes. 2013. “The Three Pillars of Stability: Legitimation, Repression, and
Co-Optation in Autocratic Regimes.” Democratization 20(1): 13–38.
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13510347.2013.738860.
Gilens, Martin. 2005. “Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness.” Public Opinion Quarterly
69(5): 778–96. http://poq.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/doi/10.1093/poq/nfi058.
———. 2009. “Preference Gaps and Inequality in Representation.” PS: Political Science &
Politics 42(02): 335. http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1049096509090441
(November 29, 2012).
Göbel, Christian. 2010. “Authoritarian Consolidation.” European Political Science 10(2): 176–
90. http://www.palgrave-journals.com/doifinder/10.1057/eps.2010.47 (November 29,
2012).
Hadenius, Axel, and Jan. Teorell. 2007. “Pathways from Authoritarianism.” Journal of
Democracy 18(1): 143–57.
http://muse.jhu.edu/content/crossref/journals/journal_of_democracy/v018/18.1hade
nius.html.
Haggard, Stephan, and Robert R. Kaufman. 2012. “Inequality and Regime Change:
Democratic Transitions and the Stability of Democratic Rule.” American Political Science
Review 106(3): 495–516.
Hale, By Henry E. 2005. “Regime Cycles: Democracy, Autocracy, Adn Revolution in PostSoviet Eurasia.” International Social Science Journal 58: 133–65.
Hale, Henry E. 2006. “Democracy or Autocracy on the March? The Colored Revolutions as
Normal Dynamics of Patronal Presidentialism.” Communist and Post-Communist
Studies 39(3): 305–29.
Howard, Marc Morjé, and Meir R. Walters. 2014. “Explaining the Unexpected: Political
Science and the Surprises of 1989 and 2011.” Perspectives on Politics 12(02): 394–408.
http://www.journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1537592714000899 (November 3,
2014).
Jaime-Castillo, Antonio M. 2009. Evaluation Economic Inequality and Electoral Participation .
A Cross-Country Evaluation.
Knutsen, C. H. 2010. “Measuring Effective Democracy.” International Political Science
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