ACF Regionals 2009
Packet by University of Western Ontario (Will Nediger)
Tossups:
1. **The Sixth Council edition of this document includes a dialogue between King Menander and a
monk. One part of its second section consists of fifty-one poems about the suffering of ghosts, while
another, the Apadana, is a collection of biographical stories illustrating the effects of good karma. The
final section includes the Dhammasangani, a matrix which classifies the dhammas. The first section
consists mostly of rules for monks and nuns, who make up the monastic Sangha. Consisting of the Vinya,
Sutta, and Abhidhamma sections, for 10 points, name this canonical collection of Theravada Buddhist
scriptures, named either for the language in which it was written, or for the three baskets in which it was
originally stored.
ANSWER: Pali canon [or Tipitaka; or Tripitaka]
2. **Jack Brehm tested for a post-decision version of this phenomenon using a set of appliances, and
Daryl Bem criticism of it lead to the development of Self-perception theory. Aronson tested for this
phenomenon in children by placing them in a room with a toy robot, and another famous test of it
involved separating people into groups that were either paid 20 dollars or one dollar for a favor. An
occurrence of it in a doomsday UFO cult was outlined in the book When Prophecy Fails, FTP, name this
psychological phenomenon outlined by Carlsmith and Festinger, in which someone holds two
contradictory beliefs.
ANSWER: Cognitive dissonance
3. Edwin Montagu opposed this document, which was strongly supported by the editor C. P. Scott. It was
drafted by Lord Milner, and undermined promises made by Henry MacMahon. After this document was
issued, the Declaration to the Seven was sent to the Party of Syrian Unity. Incorporated into the Treaty of
Sèvres at the San Remo conference, it was supported by a white paper written by Winston Churchill. A
major supporter of this document was a chemist who developed a new technique for synthesizing
acetone, Chaim Weizmann. Originally drafted as a letter to Lord Rothschild, for 10 points, name this
statement issued in 1917 that supported the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
**ANSWER: Balfour Declaration of 1917
4. The protagonist of one of this author’s novels is the creator of works called Complacency and Eyes on
the Horizon, and is disappointed by his grandson’s obsession with the Lone Ranger and other American
pop cultural icons. Another of his novels follows Christopher Banks, a detective who travels to Shanghai
to search for his parents. In another, the protagonist buys a cassette by Judy Bridgewater named Songs
after Dark after being brought up at the boarding school Hailsham. This author of An Artist of the
Floating World and Never Let Me Go also wrote a novel about Reggie Cardinal and Lord Darlington's
butler Stevens. For 10 points, name this author of The Remains of the Day.
**ANSWER: Kazuo Ishiguro [or Ishiguro Kazuo]
5. **Defects in this pathway leads to HHH syndrome and lysinuric protein intolerance, and one
intermediate in this pathway can be decarboxylated to putresciene. The main enzyme of this process is
controlled allosterically by N-acetylglutamate, and that enzyme, mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate
synthetase, transfers a group from glutamine to phosphorylated bicarbonate. It is linked to the Krebs
cycle via the creation of fumarate, and ther intermediates in this process include citrulline and ornithine,
the latter of which is produced by the cleavage of arginine. FTP, name this cycle that takes place in the
cytosol and mitochondria, responsible for creating a namesake nitrogenous molecule and component of
urine.
ANSWER: Urea cycle
6. Jean-Baptiste-Henri de Valincour wrote a book consisting of three letters criticizing this novel. The
Peace of Chateau-Cambresis causes the Mareschal de St. Andre to leave the central location of this
novel. Another character steals a painting of the protagonist, and later observes her gazing at a portrait of
him in her garden in Colomiers. The title character’s husband dies after discovering that she is in love
with the Duc de Nemours. This novel is set in the court of Henry II of France, and focuses on the title
youthful heiress. Often considered the first modern French novel, for 10 points, name this work
published anonymously in 1678, which is usually attributed to Madame de La Fayette.
**ANSWER: The Princess of Clèves [or La Princesse de Clèves]
7. **In Burmese mythology, one of these creatures was the companion of the priest Mun-Ha, and in
Japanese folklore, when one of these creatures reaches a certain age, it gains supernatural powers and is
called a bake-neko. An Australian legend tells of how one of these creatures killed the Bagadjimbiri,
dingo gods who were sons of Dilga. Shosti, the Hindu birth goddess, rides one. In Aztec mythology, the
animal counterpart of Tezcatlipoca was a type of this creature. The sound of the footfall of one of these
creatures was one of the ingredients in fashioning Gleipnir, and Freya’s chariot is pulled by them. For 10
points, name this creature which was the form taken by the Egyptian goddess Bast.
ANSWER: cats (Accept more specific answers)
8. This architect designed the Paris headquarters of the French Communist Party. He designed several
buildings in Algiers, including the Zoological Gardens and the University of Constantine, and created the
Niterói Contemporary Art Museum in 1996. This architect collaborated with Le Corbusier on the United
Nations Headquarters, and designed the buildings of the Pampulha complex. He designed a cathedral
using concrete hyperboloids while working with Lúcio Costa's plan of a butterfly-shaped capital city. For
10 points, name this architect who designed the buildings of Brasília.
**ANSWER: Oscar Niemeyer
9. In 1013, Zawi ben Ziri founded a kingdom at this city, which is protected by the Alcazaba Yidida and
the fortress of Illora. In the sixteenth century, Aben Humaya led a revolt of the Moriscos near this city. In
1238, Ibn al-Ahmar founded the Emirate of this city, which was ruled by the Nasrid dynasty. Muhammad
XII Boabdil was forced to surrender it after the fall of Málaga and Almería. Invaded by Alfonso X of
Castile in 1265, its capture on January 2, 1492 ended the Reconquista. For 10 points, name this last
Moorish stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, a Spanish city that contains the Alhambra.
**ANSWER: Granada
10. **Hadwiger’s theorem characterizes this quantity as the measure for the finite union of compact
convex sets that is homogeneous degree zero. For a chain complex, it is defined as the alternating sum of
the ranks of the homology groups, and can be defined as the alternating sum of Betti numbers. The this
quantity is proportional to the integral of the curvature of a closed Riemannian manifold according to the
Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The only closed compact surfaces for which it is zero are the torus and the Klein
bottle, and its namesake’s formula states that it is equal to two for the surface of any convex polyhedron.
For 10 points, name this topological invariant, denoted by the letter chi, which was defined by its Swiss
namesake as vertices minus edges plus faces.
ANSWER: Euler characteristic [or Euler number]
11. **This empire’s political system vests a good deal of power in the Continuing Committee, and in one
incident this empire kidnapped the Aenar Gareb to control a telepresence unit. This empire entered a
period of isolation following the Tomed incident, and later signed the Treaty of Algeron. It lost the Battle
of Charon in 2161, and in another instance their leader Shinzon attempted to destroy the earth using
Thalaron radiation. Their secret police are known as the Tal Shiar, and they eventually allied with the
other Alpha Quadrant powers against the Dominion. Often employing battleships called "Warbirds",
FTP, name this race related to the Vulcans, an enemy of the United Federation of Planets on Star Trek.
ANSWER: Romulan Star Empire
12. The Williams-Stove thesis attempts to justify the reasonableness of this concept. William
Reichenbach developed a “pragmatic justification” of this concept, while Rudolf Carnap developed a
Lambda-continuum of it. Carl Hempel proposed the paradox of the ravens to illustrate problems with this
concept. In Fact, Fiction, and Forecast, Nelson Goodman used the example of an emerald described as
“grue” to describe “the new riddle” of this concept. Karl Popper argued that it should be replaced by
falsifiability to determine whether a theory is scientific. For 10 points, name this type of logic which
makes general claims from particular instances.
**ANSWER: induction [or inductive reasoning; or inductive logic]
13. **Hartwell used this organism to screen for cdc regulators of the cell cycle, and positive and negative
selection in this organism often exploits the genes URA3 and LYS2. Temperature-sensitive mutants are
often created when using them for screens, and these organisms produce elongations called shmoos
during mating. These organisms are used in an assay that uses a split Gal4 protein to screen for proteinprotein interactions, called the two-hybrid assay, and they can switch mating types via the HML and
HMR loci. They reproduce when an a type fuses with an alpha types, forming a diploid cell which can
then bud. FTP, name this basic eukaryotic model organism, commonly called bakers’ yeast.
ANSWER: Saccharomyces cerevisiae or baker’s yeast before mention
14. **One ancient tribe in this country burned down some trees to create the Horton Plains hunting
ground, and a cultural upheaval here began with the displacement of the Hela people. One triangular
"water fortress" in this country was given the moniker "resplendent city of growing victory" after Prince
Sapumal of its kingdom of Kotte finally conquered the Jaffna Kingdom. It was conquered by the might
of Rajendra and Raja Raja of the Chola, who built a notable base in its town of Nagapattinam, and its last
independent bastion was conquered in 1815 and was thereafter referred to as the Kingdom of Kandy. One
rebel group here regularly uses child soldiers and suicide bombing and is known as the LTTE. Lying on
the south side of the Palk Strait, for 10 points, name this Tamil and Sinhalese island nation south of
India.
ANSWER: Sri Lanka [or Ceylon]
15. This poem has inspired musical works by Thomas Albert and Lukas Foss. According to M.L.
Rosenthal, the title entity represents “the inseparability of life and death in nature,” although Helen
Vendler calls it “the principle of our final relation to the universe.” This poem’s sixth section describes
how “icicles filled the long window / With barbaric glass,” while its seventh section asks the “thin men
of Haddam” why they “imagine golden birds.” It begins, “Among twenty snowy mountains, / The only
moving thing / Was the eye of” the title animal, which also “marked the edge of one of many circles.”
For 10 points, name this poem by Wallace Stevens about a number of methods for regarding an avian.
**ANSWER: “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird”
16. **With Seigert, this man names a frequency shift that occurs during the Rabi oscillation, and another
construct named for this man employs the Fubini-Study metric and is used to model a two-level quantum
system. A phenomenon named for him is the product of a plane wave envelope function and a periodic
function. In addition to his namesake sphere, which is used to model qubits, and his namesake waves in
crystalline systems, his theorem is used to model an electron placed in a periodic potential. His walls
separate magnetic domains, and another set of equations named for him is used to model the relaxation
time in a technique he co-developed. For 10 points, name this physicist, who, with Purcell, developed
NMR.
ANSWER: Felix Bloch
17. Jane Aiken called this work “the first extant painting full informed by” Leon Battista Alberti’s “new
humanist ideal of painting.” The kneeling figures on the left and right of this work are thought to be
members of the Lenzi family. It was rediscovered in the 1860s after Giorgio Vasari covered it with an
altar. This work’s lower portion depicts an open tomb with a skeleton and the inscription, “I was what
you are and what I am you shall be.” In the center of this work, perspective is provided by a barrel vault,
which features a dove floating above the halo of Christ on the cross. Located in the church of Santa
Maria Novella in Florence, for 10 points, name this fresco by Masaccio.
**ANSWER: Holy Trinity with the Virgin and Saint John and donors
18. This character tells his son stories about how “he obtained his first human head” to prevent him from
becoming an agbala. After fasting for two days, this character is brought food by his daughter Ezinma,
who becomes sick before he attends a council of spirits. During a year marked by the arrival of locusts,
he violates a decree of the Oracle by killing Ikemefuna. This character is exiled for seven years for
accidentally killing the son of Ezeudu, and returns to discover that his son Nwoye has converted. He
commits suicide after burning down a church in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the colonial
leadership of Umuofia. For 10 points, name this protagonist of Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall
Apart.
**ANSWER: Okonkwo
19. William Walton wrote a set of variations on the Andante from this composer's cello concerto. One of
this composer's works opens with a Praeludium in C, includes a series of interludes and fugues, and ends
with the Praeludium's retrograde inversion. Besides Ludus Tonalis, this author of The Craft of Musical
Composition composed an opera based on E.T.A. Hoffmann’s Mademoiselle de Scudéri, Cardillac. This
composer wrote a requiem based on Whitman’s “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d,” as well as
Symphonic Metamorphosis on Themes of Von Weber. For 10 points, name this twentieth century German
composer of an opera about the painter of the Isenheim Altarpiece, Mathis der Maler.
**ANSWER: Paul Hindemith
20. Frederick John Dalton wrote a book about the “moral vision” of this leader, who studied under Fred
Ross while working for CSO. This leader set up the “Wet Line” to curb illegal immigration, and lobbied
to end the bracero program. He fasted for twenty-five days at Delano to stem the support for violence
among members of his organization, which was created from the merger of AWOC and NFWA. This
man chose a black Aztec eagle as the symbol of that organization, and led many boycotts of grapes in the
1960s. For 10 points, name this labor leader, who organized migrant workers as the longtime head of the
United Farm Workers.
**ANSWER: Cesar Chavez
21. In 1873, Peter Warburton became the first European to cross this region. The Canning Stock Route
runs through the southeast of this region, which is located east of the Pilbara region. It is home to the
Telfer gold mine as well as the town of Yulara, which is eighteen kilometers by road from Uluru, or
Ayers Rock, which is found in the far southeast of this region, near where it meets the Tanami and
Gibson deserts. It coincides roughly with the Canning Basin, and its vegetation consists mainly of
spinifex. For 10 points, name this desert in Western Australia, which is the second-largest in Australia,
after the Great Victoria Desert.
ANSWER: Great Sandy Desert
Bonuses
1. **They criticized industrial capitalism in their manifesto I’ll Take My Stand. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this group of twelve writers which included Lyle Lanier, Stark Young, and Donald Davidson,
as well as many members of the Fugitives.
ANSWER: Agrarians [or Southern Agrarians; or Nashville Agrarians; or Vanderbilt Agrarians]
[10] This writer contributed “The Briar Patch” to I’ll Take My Stand, and fictionalized Huey Long as
Willie Stark in his novel All the King’s Men.
ANSWER: Robert Penn Warren
[10] Warren and another Southern Agrarian, John Crowe Ransom, were both seminal figures in the
development of this school of literary criticism, which attacked the affective and intentional fallacies. It
emphasizes close reading of texts.
ANSWER: New Criticism
2. **His union with Aphrodite produced Cadmus' wife Harmonia, and Cycnus of Macedonia was another
son of this deity. FTPE:
[10] Name this Greek god, whose servants included Phobos and Deimos.
ANSWER: Ares
[10] This goddess is the Greek counterpart of Bellona, and has a name which is Greek for “warlike." She
participated in the Trojan war alongside Ares.
ANSWER: Enyo
[10] Enyo is the name of one of these three sisters, the daughters of Phorcys and Ceto that share a single
eye.
ANSWER: Graeae
3. **In 2009, Esa-Pekka Salonnen premiered this composer's fourth symphony, Los Angeles. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this Estonian composer, a proponent of sacred minimalism whose Fratres appeared on the
soundtrack of There Will Be Blood.
ANSWER: Arvo Pärt
[10] In 1984, Pärt composed a setting of this Latin hymn for three choirs, prepared piano, and wind harp.
Its first two words are followed by “laudamus,” and it praises God the Father.
ANSWER: Te Deum
[10] This composer wrote a Te Deum named for Utrecht, as well as the coronation anthem Zadok the
Priest and Music for the Royal Fireworks.
ANSWER: George Frideric Handel
4. **In yeast, they can be created by the Ure2p protein, and in general they tend to accumulate when the
unfolded protein response stops working. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these infectious agents, characterized by Stanley Prusiner, which cause neurodegenerative
diseases like kuru.
ANSWER: prions [or proteinaceous infectious particles]
[10] This prion disease, a human form of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, was discovered by
two German scientists in 1921.
ANSWER: Creutzfeld-Jakob disease [or CJD]
[10] This extremely rare human prion disease is caused when double-mutant PrP protein accumulates in
regions of the thalamus responsible for inducing sleep.
ANSWER: fatal familial insomnia
5. **Alexander Dubcek called it “socialism with a human face” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this period of political liberalization, which was ended with the invasion of the Warsaw pact.
ANSWER: Prague Spring [or Pražské jaro; or Pražská jar]
[10] Dubcek’s was replaced as leader of the Communist Party by this man, who ushered in the period of
normalization which followed the Prague Spring.
ANSWER: Gustáv Husák
[10] This organization, which was formed partly as a result of the arrest of Plastic People of the
Universe, opposed the normalization scheme post-invasion. Vaclav Havel was a member.
ANSWER: Charter 77
6. **This painter portrayed a musician playing a trombone in The Side Show. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this artist of The Circus and The Bathers at Asnieres, who inspired Paul Signac to adopt his
signature style.
ANSWER: George Seurat
[10] This landmark pointillist painting by Seurat depicts women carrying umbrellas next to men relaxing
in a public park. It is located in the Art Insitute of Chicago.
ANSWER: Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte [or Un dimanche après-midi à l'Ile de la
Grande Jatte]
[10] Seurat's pointillism was based on this American physicist's theory of complementary colors on a
color wheel.
ANSWER: Ogden Rood
7. **Answer some things about a paradox from physics, FTPE:
[10] A naive treatment of fluid flow leads to the conclusion that an object moving through an
incompressible, inviscid flow experiences zero drag, according to this paradox.
ANSWER: d'Alembert's paradox
[10] Prandtl's resolution of d'Alembert's paradox relies on this quantity, which can be calculated form the
Helmholtz equations an in general is equal to the curl of the fluid flow.
ANSWER: Vorticity
[10] A street of vortices named for this scientist form when a fluid flows past a cylinder. Their formation
is dependent on the Strouhal number, and this guy also names the boundary between the atmosphere and
outer space
ANSWER: Theodore von Karman
8. **The ninth game to feature this character was notable as the first to include a female boss, Splash
Woman. FTPE:
[10] Name this robot created by Dr. Light, who begins each game with a simple buster shot, but can copy
his defeated opponent’s abilities.
ANSWER: Mega Man
[10] Mega Man’s arch nemesis is this evil scientist, who always attacks Mega Man in a flying saucer as
the game’s final boss.
ANSWER: Dr. Wily
[10] This robot created by Dr Wily is a rival of sorts to Mega Man. First introduced in Mega Man 7, he
has the ability to fire green bolts of energy and is accompanied by his purple dog Treble.
ANSWER: Bass
9. **Latin American authors like to write novels about Latin American dictators. For 10 points each:
[10] The corrupt rule of Guatemalan dictator Manuel Estrada Cabrera inspired this novel by Miguel
Ángel Asturias. It ends with the imprisonment of Angel Face, and begins with the murder of Colonel
Sonriente.
ANSWER: El Señor Presidente [or The President]
[10] Augusto Roa Bastos was exiled from Paraguay by Alfredo Stroessner for writing this novel about
Paraguay's nineteenth century dictator Dr. Francia.
ANSWER: I, the Supreme [or Yo el supremo]
[10] Gabriel Garcia Marquez wrote about the final days of this dictator of Gran Colombia in The General
in His Labyrinth. He won the battles of Junin and Boyacá during his campaign to liberate South
America.
ANSWER: Simon Bolivar [or El Libertador]
10. **It is limited by the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. For 10 points
each:
[10] This is the power of a state to seize a citizen’s private property without their consent, but with due
compensation.
ANSWER: eminent domain [prompt on expropriation or compulsory purchase]
[10] The term “eminent domain” comes from On the Law of War and Peace, a 1625 work by this man,
who is known as the “father of international law.”
ANSWER: Hugo Grotius [or Huigh de Groot]
[10] This term refers to absolute ownership of property, free from expropriation by operation of law.
Because of eminent domain, it cannot truly exist in the United States.
ANSWER: allodial title
11. **It is the most stable of the cycloalkanes because of its unique conformation. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this compound which is formed by the complete hydrogenation of benzene via a rhodium
catalyst.
ANSWER: cyclohexane
[10] Cyclohexane commonly exists in the chair conformation, but it may exist in this other conformation
when two of its opposite carbons are upturned.
ANSWER: boat conformation
[10] The boat conformation of cyclohexane is partly disrupted due to this van der Waals strain interaction
between the substituents on carbon 1 and 4.
ANSWER: flagpole strain
12. **Identify these things relating to philosophy of language, for 10 points each.
[10] This philosopher developed the beetle in a box thought experiment to argue against a “private
language” in Philosophical Investigations. He also wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
ANSWER: Ludwig Wittgenstein
[10] J. L. Austin introduced the idea of performative utterances and illocutionary acts in this book that
analyzed speech acts.
ANSWER: How to Do Things With Words
[10] Two philosophical doctrines share this name. One argues that although general and abstract terms
exist, universals do not, while the other asserts that there are no such things as abstract objects.
ANSWER: nominalism
13. **It was set off by the death of the leader of the Union Nationale party, Maurice Duplessis. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this period of secularization and the creation of a welfare state in a certain Canadian province,
began in 1960 under the premiership of Jean Lesage.
ANSWER: Quiet Revolution [or Révolution tranquille]
[10] The Quiet Revolution occurred in this Canadian province, whose official language is French.
ANSWER: Quebec
[10] This 1970 event, which involved the kidnapping of James Cross and Pierre Laporte, marked the
approximate end of the Quiet Revolution.
ANSWER: October Crisis
14. **After working for the Bailiff of Myri for eighteen years, the protagonist of this novel buys the
haunted sheep farm Summerhouses. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel about Bjartur, a farmer who clashes with his daughter Asta over her pregnancy.
ANSWER: Independent People [or Sjálfstætt Fólk]
[10] This Icelandic Nobel Laureate wrote Paradise Reclaimed and Independent People.
ANSWER: Halldór Laxness
[10] Laxness wrote about the manuscript-collector Arnas Arnaeus in a novel named for one of these
objects. John Hersey wrote a novel about the town of Adano's quest for one.
ANSWER: bells
15. **For 10 points each, name these figures from twentieth century dance.
[10] This Russian choreographed Les Sylphides and The Firebird for the Ballets Russes. He also
choreographed The Dying Swan for Anna Pavlova.
ANSWER: Mikhail Fokine
[10] He choreographed a baptism in “Take Me to the Water,” the second section of his masterpiece,
Revelations. In 1958, this choreographer founded the American Dance Theater, which bears his name.
ANSWER: Alvin Ailey
[10] This American dancer emphasized angular, jagged movements in works such as Cave of the Heart,
Clytemnestra, and Appalachian Spring.
ANSWER: Martha Graham
16. **For 10 points each, answer these questions about the worst city in the world.
[10] Unless you like shirts falsely indicating that you were a member of a Croatian beer team, you can
probably skip this town formerly known as Ragusa. It is known for its fortifications, inaccessibility to
hitchhikers, and its putrid smell.
ANSWER: Dubrovnik
[10] Situated at the bottom of the Lovchen mountain and located on an expansive namesake bay, this
Montenegrin city also has old buildings, including the 12th century churches of St. Tryphon and St.
Luke.
ANSWER: Kotor [or Cattaro]
[10] Off the beaten Balkan path is the city of Vyshegrad, located in the Republika Srpska part of Bosnia
and Herzegovina. The old Ottoman bridge there is notably located on this river.
ANSWER: Drina river
17. **In this book, Vashti refuses her husband's order to dance naked for him. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this book of the Old Testament, set during the reign of Ahasuerus. It inspired a play by
Racine.
ANSWER: Book of Esther [or Megillah]
[10] The Book of Esther is read aloud twice during this Jewish holiday, during which Jews commemorate
the death of Haman by getting drunk and eating hamantaschen.
ANSWER: Purim
[10] In the Book of Esther, this wise dude refuses to bow down to Haman, causing Haman to construct a
gallows for this man. However, Esther intercedes with Ahasuerus to hang Haman instead.
ANSWER: Mordecai
18. **It has both a continuous and a discontinuous branch. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this diagram which shows minerals which crystallize at different temperatures as magma
cools.
ANSWER: Bowen’s Reaction Series
[10] This term, contrasted with mafic, describes the minerals at the bottom of Bowen’s Reaction Series,
which are rich in the lighter elements, such as oxygen and silicon.
ANSWER: felsic
[10] Found at the bottom of the discontinuous branch, this mineral is also called “black mica” to contrast
it with muscovite.
ANSWER: biotite
19. **This empire had its capital at Gao and established a large center of learning at Timbuktu. FTPE:
[10] Name this west African empire that was ruled by the Askia Dynasty. Its founder overthrew the Mali
empire in 1340
ANSWER: Songhai empire
[10] Timbuktu was annexed by this great Songhai king, who succeeded Silman Dandi. He repelled an
invasion from the Mossoi.
ANSWER: Sonni Ali Ber
[10] The final ruler of Songhai, Issaq II, was defeated at Tondibi by this eunuch and general under Sultan
Ahmad I al-Mansur. Songhai then fragmented into several smaller kingdoms.
ANSWER: Judar Pasha
20. **This author praised Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer in his essay “Inside the Whale.” For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this author whose time in Burma inspired his essay “Shooting an Elephant,” who also wrote a
novel about a farm run by pigs like Napoleon.
ANSWER: George Orwell [or Eric Blair]
[10] In this essay, Orwell translates Ecclesiastes 9:11 into “modern English of the worst sort” to argue
that jargon and meaningless words erode habits of thought.
ANSWER: “Politics and the English Language”
[10] This Orwell essay contrasts the Cleft Chin Murder with the killings of Jack the Ripper, arguing that
the latter is much more satisfying to readers of News of the World.
ANSWER: “Decline of the English Murder”