Outline – The Enlightenment, the French Revolution, Napoleon, Post-Napoleonic Europe
I. The Enlightenment
-rationalism
-philosophes
-Denis Diderot (Encyclopedia)
-Paris’ salons
Political Criticism
-Montesquieu
-Voltaire
-Rousseau
--popular sovereignty
-Enlightened Despotism
II. The French Revolution
-the Old Regime
-First Estate
-Second Estate
-Third Estate
--bourgeoisie
-Growing discontent within society
-different grievances but similar ideas
-Financial Crisis
-Louis XV (1715-1774)
-Louis XVI
-Marie Antoinette
-liberals
-moderates
-threat of foreign involvement
-declaration of war against Austria
-revolutionaries’ reactions
-the Commune
-office of the king is suspended
IV. The Birth of the French Republic
-the National Convention
-Girondists, Jacobins
-Danton
-Robespierre
-sans-culottes
-Jean-Paul Marat
-the National Convention puts Louis XVI on trial
-guillotine
-Exporting the Revolution and the reaction of
European monarchs
-conscription
-counterrevolution
-the Reign of Terror
-the National Convention makes real reforms
-The Meeting of the Estates General
-Louis’ hesitation
-the National Assembly
-Tennis Court Oath
-the revolution begins and spreads
-the Directory (1795-1799)
-Napoleon Bonaparte
-seizure of power (coup d’etat)—1799
III. Louis XVI is overthrown
-actions taken by the National Assembly
-abolition of feudalism
-Declarations of the Rights of Man
-women and the revolution
V. Napoleon Builds an Empire
-domestic policies and actions taken
-foreign relations
-Government reforms
-the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
-the Constitution of 1791
-the Legislative Assembly is formed
-Louis’ response—escape attempt
-the Continental System
-the British blockade
-the Legislative Assembly and War
-conservatives
-The Peninsular Campaign, 1808-1814
(Spain/Portugal)
-Napoleon becomes emperor
-the reorganization of Europe
-nationalism
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-Catastrophe in Russia
-scorched-earth policy
-Europe fights back
-Elba
-restoration of the Bourbon monarchy
-the “Hundred Days”
-escape from Elba (March 1, 1815)
-last stand
-Waterloo
-St. Helena
VI. Peace is restored to Europe
-the Congress of Vienna
-legitimacy
-compensation
-balance of power
-territorial adjustments
-France’s power reduced and held in check
-Reaction – Absolutism – Nationalism
Alliances are formed among great powers
-the Quadruple Alliance
-the Holy Alliance
-the Concert of Europe
-Metternich, Liberalism, Reaction to Metternich
-an outbreak of revolts and their suppression
-Spain
-Greece, a partial victory
-Treaty of Andrianople, 1829
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