Unit 4 Cell to cell signaling and transport
Objectives:
Vocabulary:
1.
Cephalization
2.
Nerve net
3.
Ganglion
4.
Interneuron
5.
Sensory neuron
6.
Motor neuron
7.
Nerve
8.
Central nervous system
9.
Peripheral nervous system
10.
Axon dendrites
11.
Membrane potential
12.
Action potential
13.
Positive feedback
14.
Negative feedback
15.
Threshold potential
16.
Hypothalamus
17.
Thalamus
18.
Neuroglia
19.
Neuromodulators
20.
Neurotransmitters
21.
Endocrine disruptors
1.
Discuss several examples of cell to cell signaling
2.
State the difference between short distance and long distant signals with examples of each.
3.
Discuss the structure of a neuron
4.
Explain the sliding filament theory
5.
Describe how hormones regulate growth and development
6.
Discuss the relationship between cardiovascular development and evolutionary history
22.
Local signaling molecules
23.
Gap junctions
24.
Endocrine system
25.
Animal hormones
26.
Protein receptors/ receptors
27.
Inhibiting hormone
28.
Releasing hormone
29.
myostatin
30.
hydrostatic skeleton
31.
exoskeleton
32.
endoskeleton
33.
axial skeleton
34.
appendicular skeleton
35.
osteocytes
36.
osteoblasts
37.
osteoclasts
38.
hematopoesis
39.
epiphyses
40.
diaphysis
41.
joints
42.
ligaments
43.
synovial joints
44.
Arthritis
45.
tendon
46.
muscle fiber
47.
myofibril
48.
Sarcomere
49.
tropomyosin
50.
myoglobin
51.
motor unit
52.
pulmonary circulation/circuit
53.
systemic circuit
54.
open circulatory system
55.
artery
56.
vein
57.
hemoglobin
58.
hemostasis
59.
vasodilatation
60.
vasoconstriction
61.
lymphatic vascular system
62.
respiration
63.
alveolus
64.
bronchus
65.
pharynx
66.
trachea
67.
respiratory cycle

Possible Homework Questions:
1.
Describe homeostasis and explain why all organisms have to maintain homeostasis to ensure life.
2.
Describe positive feedback mechanisms and list two examples.
3.
Describe negative feedback mechanisms and list two examples.
4.
What is a psychoactive drug? And how does it interfere with cell signaling?
5.
Compare and contrast a neurotransmitter and a hormone.
6.
Describe (don’t define) an action potential.
7.
Why would it be important to rid the synaptic cleft of leftover neurotransmitters?
8.
Describe a reflex pathway.
9.
What is the function of the blood brain barrier?
10.
Why are neurons myelinated?
11.
What are the meninges?
12.
Outline a reflex pathway.
13.
What is the difference between a nerve and a neuron?
14.
List the main sections of the brain with their basic function.
15.
What is so special about the cerebral cortex?
16.
How does the limbic system help us create/recall memories?
17.
List at least two (Neurological Disorders) and tell the homeostatic imbalance which causes them.
18.
List at least 2 drugs and tell their effect on the brain function.
19.
Why do neuroglia put us at risk for tumors?
20.
What is an endocrine disruptor and Why are they dangerous?
21.
Compare and contrast local signaling molecules with hormones.
22.
Why do some call the endocrine system the Neuroendocrine System?
23.
List the major endocrine structures and describe their MAIN functions.
24.
What is the importance of a receptor protein?
25.
Compare and contrast steroid hormones with protein/peptide hormones.
26.
List 2 difficulties or disorders (from your book) caused from thyroid or parathyroid problems.
27.
Describe the role of Insulin and tell where it is produced.
28.
Why is a lack of cellular insulin dangerous?
29.
What are some of the roles that cortisol plays within the body?
30.
Melatonin is an important hormone- Where is it produced & what are some of the effects on vertebrates?
31.
Why should we be concerned with the feminization of organisms?
32.
Compare and contrast the main forms of skeletal systems.
33.
What is the function of the vertebral column?

34.
What is the name for bone tissue?
35.
Describe the main steps of bone remodeling.
36.
Name two functions of the skeletal system OTHER than support.
37.
How is arthritis an autoimmune disease?
38.
What ate the 3 types of muscle tissue?
39.
Describe a Sarcomere.
40.
What is a cross-bridge?
41.
Describe the role of phosphate in the sliding filament model.
42.
Data Analysis activity pg 563
Labs/ Activities:

Human sensations, reflexes, reactions, and the structure and function of sensory organs
(Exercise 23) Lab Manual for majors general biology
 Diffusion, Osmosis, and the functional significance of biological membranes (Exercise 4)
Lab Manual for majors general biology or AP lab investigation 4

Nerve density activity