International Symposium on Nuclear Energy
SIEN’07
AREN
“The Nuclear Power – A New Challenge”
Park Hotel, Bucharest, ROMANIA, 15-19 October, 2007
http://www.aren /sien07
Technical Solutions for Increasing the Structure, Equipment and
Pipe Network Safety against Dynamic Actions
Serban Viorel, Androne Marian
Subsidiary Of Technology And Engineering For Nuclear Project
409, Atomistilor, Magurele, ROMANIA
serbanv@router.citon.ro, andronem@router.citon.ro
Ciocan George Alexandru, Zamfir Madalina, Florea Ioana, Panait Adrian,
Subsidiary Of Technology And Engineering For Nuclear Project
409, Atomistilor, Magurele, Romania
panaita@router.citon.ro
Prisecaru Ilie
University “Politehnica” of Bucharest,
313, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania
prisec@cne.pub.ro
ABSTRACT
Structures, equipment and pipe network are subjected to dynamic actions of shocks,
vibrations and seismic movement type which may lead to stresses and distortions that can
negatively affect their operation and generate failures.
Considering that in many cases the components of technological installations are designed
and made without taking into account some dynamic loads, which many times occur at random,
their dynamic load qualification would require modifications of size and materials.
This paper presents the technical solutions developed by SITON to reduce the effects of
shocks, vibrations and seismic movements on new or existing buildings, equipment and pipe
networks, without structural modifications.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Buildings, equipment, pipe networks, etc., are generally affected by shocks and
vibrations generated by the operation of technological systems and fluid flows through pipe
networks. Furthermore, in case of sites with average or high seismic activity, vibrations induced
by the seismic movements occur and must be considered in the design. Shocks and vibrations
negatively affect the good operation of the equipment and components of technological systems,
damage the building structural strength they are installed in and generate discomfort.
Function of the source of their generation, shocks and vibrations show strongly
differentiated dynamic characteristics and the elimination or reduction of their effects may be
accomplished only by the application of particular solutions for each case, after having analyzed
their dynamic characteristics.
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This paper presents SERB-SITON solution to increase the safety level of buildings,
equipment and pipe networks against shocks, vibrations and seismic movements, applicable both
to new units and the rehabilitation of old ones.
2.
SERB-SITON SOLUTION TO CONTROL, LIMIT AND ATTENUATE THE
DYNAMIC ACTIONS UPON STRUCTURES, EQUIPMENT AND PIPE
NETWORKS.
SERB-SITON solution to control, limit and attenuate the dynamic actions upon systems
consists in the elastic overtaking of the dynamic loads and their damping by means of a specific
isolation system, without affecting the strength, stability and operation of the systems. For the
technological systems in thermal power plants and nuclear power plants there is an additional
requirement of overtaking the displacements due to the thermal expansions of the system
anchoring points. In many cases the isolation system need also to take over the large permanent
loads, like the case of buildings and equipment, over which dynamic loads are overlapping. In
other cases, the permanent loads overtaken by the isolation system are relatively small, as for
example the case of the pipe networks and couplings between the driving shaft and the driven
shaft, but they must overtake large axial and angular deviations.
For to satisfy such requirements, SITON has developed a new type of devices with
geometric non-linear elastic characteristics and large damping, that are capable to overtake the
dynamic loads and to self-adjust to the large installation deviations and errors. Such a device has
been developed on basis of the Invention Patent no. 119845/29.04.2005 protected by OSIM and
in process of being protected in the European Union. The device, which is installed in the
supports, couplings, etc,. is protected under SERB trade mark and it is successfully used by
SITON in making supports for the isolation against shocks, vibrations and seismic movements
occurred in equipment and pipe networks, elastic couplings for pumps, fans, etc., telescopic
braces for strengthening buildings and the building seismic isolation systems.
3.
APPLICATION
SITON has been developing and applying the new method and technology to reduce
shocks, vibrations and seismic movements in buildings, equipment and pipe networks for more
than 15 years. The first industrial applications were: the isolation of forging hammers (36 tons
each) against shocks, vibrations and seismic movements, located in IUS SA Brasov, in the years
2003 (fig. 3.1 – 3.6) and 2004 (fig. 3.7 – 3.8 and table 3.1). The operation of the isolation
system without maintenance and repairs for a period of 5 years is representing a guarantee
certificate for the new technology developed by SITON.
Among the performances of the system, it is worth mentioning: the 98% isolation ratios
of the system, the suppression of the vibration in 1.5 oscillation cycles, the removal of the
“jumping” effect, the reduction of the vibration amplitude in the near-by houses located at about
150 m from the production hall, by more than 800 times, i.e. from 56 mm/sec - with the old
foundation isolation solution- to 0.069 mm/sec- with SERB-SITON new foundation solution.
The isolating devices, designed and constructed in Romania, have not modified their
elasticity and damping characteristics although the operation conditions are very heavy ones.
(110 blows/minute generated by a 150 kg forging hammer that is developing an energy of 36
KJ/blow).
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Fig.3.1. IUS 2003.
CM1250 Foundation.
SERB-194-3C Support
Fig.3.2. IUS
2003. SERB194C Support
Fig.3.3. IUS 2003.
Hysteresis curves for
SERB-194-C support
Fig.3.4. IUS 2003.
Variation of stiffness
for SERB-194C
Simultaneous measurements on the foundation vat and at 5m away from CM1250
foundation
Fig. 3.5. IUS 2003. Wave shape recorded on the
foundation vat and the spectral density on the
old solution in point 1’
Fig. 3.6. IUS 2003. Wave shape recorded
on the foundation vat and the spectral
density on the new solution in point 1
100
Suport Forja-lubrificat
Forta-deplasare
90
-3
80
6
F=20000N, D=2*10 m, k=10*10 N/m
M=6000Kg, fn=6.5Hz
Forta[kN]
70
60
50
40
30
20
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
Deplasare [mm]
Fig. 3.7. IUS 2004. CM1250
foundation as per SERBSITON solution
Fig. 3.8. IUS 2004. Hysteresis
characteristic for SERB-375C.
Preload force 60 KN
Fig.3.9. IUS 2004 Bed plate
installation at CM1250
solution
Fig. 3.10. IUS 2004. Detail
of SERB-375 C device
installed under the bed-plate.
Fig. 3.11. IUS 2004. Time
history of the acceleration on
foundation (red-line) and bed
plate (black-line)
Fig. 3.12. IUS 2004. Time
history of the acceleration on
vat (red-line) and bed plate
(black-line)
Fig. 3.13. IUS 2004. Time history of the acceleration sample on foundation and bed plate
and Fourier spectra measured on foundation
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Table 3.1. IUS 2004. Attenuation, transmissibility, isolating
No Bed plate (location 1) Foundation (location 2)
A = a1/a2
T = a2/a1 %
I = │1-T│ %
a1, m/s2
a2, m/s2
crt.
1
6,9
0,185
37,30
2,68
97,31
2
3,4
0,067
50,75
1,97
98,03
3
3,0
0,071
42,30
2,36
97,63
97,65
1
AVERAGE VALUE
The next applications of SERB-SITON solution were implemented in the Heavy Water
Plant (ROMAG-PROD) in Drobeta -Turnu Severin where the shocks and vibrations produced
by a piston pump in a water pipe, were reduced by more than 5 times by the use of some SERB
devices applicable to pipe networks (fig 3.13 3.20).
Fig. 3.13. ROMAGPROD. SERB 1 pipe
support testing
Fig. 3.14. ROMAG-PROD. SERB
3 pipe support testing. Elongation
– compression testing
Fig. 3.15. ROMAG-PROD.
SERB shocks hidraulical
absorber device
Diagr am a F(d) cu lubifier e si pr eincar car e 1500 daN la + -0.5 m m
Am or tizar e r elativa: 27.8%
Diagrama Forta-deplasare a Suportului de tevi SERB-ECH-175
Amortizare relativa Ar=23.2%
Suport Tevi-slabit 1/2tura
Preincarcare 400daN
Frecventa 1Hz
70
4
1900
60
2
1800
50
1700
Amortizare relativa=25.24%
0
1500
1400
40
Forta [kN]
F [daN]
F [da N]
1600
30
1300
1200
-0 .4
-0 .2
-4
-6
20
1100
-0 .6
-2
-8
0
0 .2
0 .4
10
0 .6
-10
0
d [m m ]
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
-12
12
-1.0
-0.5
d [mm]
Fig. 3.16. ROMAG-PROD SERB 1
pipe support. Force - displacement
characteristics. Damping 27.8%.
Prestress force 1500 daN
0.0
0.5
1.0
Deplasare [mm]
Fig. 3.17. ROMAGPROD. SERB 2 – pipe
support. Force - distortion
characteristics. Damping
23.2%.
Fig. 3.18. OMAGPROD. SERB 3 – pipe
support. Force - distortion
characteristics.
Damping 25.24%.
Spectrul de amplitudine al deplasarilor transversale
ale conductei inainte si dupa montarea dispozitvului
0,00014
Inainte de montarea dispozitivului
Dupa montarea dispozitivului
Semnal deplasare
0,00012
0,00010
0,00008
0,00006
0,00004
0,00002
0,00000
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
f [Hz]
I
Fig. 3.19. ROMAG-PROD. SERB 3
pipe support. Setting on pipe PL1056
Fig. 3.20. ROMAG-PROD. Fourier spectra
vibration displacement before & after SERB pipe
support installation.
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Moreover, in 2006, in ROMAG-PROD the isolation of 5 electric and I & C cabinets,
associated to the H2S compressors by SERB-device against shocks, vibrations and earthquakes
was implemented (fig. 3.21).
Fig. 3.21. ROMAG-PROD. Cabinet isolation SERB device
Also, in 2006 the most important application of SERB-SITON solution was made in
Romania, namely the first nontraditional seismic strengthening of a building where the seismic
loads are overtaken and damped by SERB mechanical devices having a controlled elasticity and
damping and installed into a network of telescopic braces.
The strengthened building, extended and refurbished, is the Ward B in NAVROM
BUSINESS CENTRE – Galatzi, a 6-storey building made of reinforced concrete frames, having
a 3200 sqm surface and built on an old foundation supported on 12 m long oak wood pillars in
the year 1923.
The building, constructed in the period 1968-1970 and aimed to be a sailors’ lodging
house, was affected by the earthquakes in 1977,1986 and 1990, and after strengthening and
rehabilitation it is meant to house a business center, a hotel and a restaurant.
Fig. 3.22. NAVROM Ward B. Dammage of reinforced structures
The classical, traditional solution of overtaking the seismic loads by lining the pillars,
beams and additional strengthening elements would have led to an important increase of the
building weight which correlated to the new structures (namely, the extensions at Floors 3 to 5
and Belvedere Restaurant on the terrace), may have led to the exhaustion of the foundation spare
strength.
The seismic loads are overtaken by a telescopic brace system symmetrically arranged in 8
transversal panels and 9 longitudinal panels, gathered together in 4 locations, in a “T” shape or
“L” shape, at the ground floor and Floor 1 and Floor 2. On Floor 3 the number of braces is
reduced to 4 transversal panels and 4 longitudinal panels. On Floor 4 , stiff braces are installed in
the same locations like on Floor 3 and on Floor 5, stiff braces are installed around the main
staircase used also for overtaking the loads due to Belvedere Restaurant which is built on the
terrace.
Fig. 3.23. NAVROM Ward B. Horizontal
arrangement of braced pannels by SERB
devices.
Fig. 3.24. NAVROM Ward B. Vertical
arrangement of braced pannels by SERB
devices.
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For to harmonize SERB devices with the dynamic characteristics of the building,
numerical analyses elaborated in SITON and experimental tests were conducted in IMS of
Romanian Academy (fig. 3.25).
The staircase steel structure which serves the northern part, is connected to the reinforced
concrete structure of Ward B by means of some SERB devices that allow a controlled relative
movement between the two structures.
For the quality control of SERB device experimental tests to state the stiffness and
damping characteristics were conducted on a specimen, randomly selected out of the 3 batches of
devices used for Ward B strengthening (fig. 3.26).
SERB devices that make the connection between the northern staircase servicing
Belvedere Restaurant and Ward B, show different stiffness and damping characteristics for Floor
1-3 (fig. 3.27) and for Floor 4-6 (fig.
3.28) respectively,
for which separate
2 pachete
de 7 discuri ACED-BC-194
la diferite experimental
deplasari
determinations have been done.
100
Forta [kN]
50
0
depl./ amort.
±3mm/ 77%
±2.5mm/ 79%
±2.2mm/ 86%
±1.7mm/ 93%
±1.5mm/ 92%
-50
-100
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
deplasare [mm]
Fig. 3.25. NAVROM. SERB 194 Device tested
at IMS of Romanian Academy
Fig. 3.26. NAVROM. Experimental tests; hysterezis characteristic & products delivered with
Batch 2
60
40
Arel=25,6%
F [kN]
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
d[mm]
Fig. 3.27. NAVROM. Experimental tests, hysteresis characteristic for the staircase
connecting devices – Ward B, Batch 4. Small axial displacements.
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Fig. 3.28. NAVROM. Experimental tests, hysteresis characteristic for the staircase
connecting devices – Ward B, Batch 5. Large axial displacements.
Fig. 3.29. NAVROM Ward B.
Detail of telescopic bracing anchoring a metal and concrete columns.
Fig. 3.30. NAVROM. Detail of north
staircase metal structure anchoring to Ward B
by telescopic braces
Fig. 3.31. NAVROM. Detail of elastic sliding
device anchoring between the north staircase
metal structure and Ward B.
The technology for to control, limit and damp noises, shocks, vibrations and seismic
movements developed by SITON and applied in building construction, equipment and pile
networks may be successfully implemented in the strengthening of blocks in crowded urban
areas, without moving away the people, the contruction-time being 2-3 times shorter and cost
price 20 – 30% lower if, compared to the classical strengthening solution. Strengthening of
apartment blocks may be made by their isolation or by the control, limitation and damping the
level relative displacements, both cases employing SERB devices made in Romania.
To eliminate the shocks and vibrations generated by the equipment coupling between the
driving shaft and the driven shaft, SERB couplings with elasticity and damping ( fig. 3.32) that
can transfer the rotation movement and the torque moment without generating shocks and
vibrations at axial and angular deviations between shafts due to their elasticity and damping,
have been developed ( fig 3.33 – 3.34)
Due to the great damping capacity of SERB devices (fig. 3.29 - 3.31) the seismic
acceleration amplification on vertical is small, making the seismic loads and sectional stresses be
small.
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Caracteristica moment-unghi
a diferite seturi de placute de diferite grosimi
Fig. 3.32. SERB-LEL-01 type coupling
prototype
Caracteristica forta-deplasare pentru 4 placute suprapuse cu grosime 1.5 mm
100
6000
90
80
Moment [daNm]
5000
F [daN]
4000
3000
2000
70
60
50
40
30
20
6 pl a 1 mm
1.1mm,30%
4 pl a 1,5 mm
10
1.6mm
1000
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
unghi [grade]
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
d [mm]
Fig. 3.33. The force-displacement
characteristic for 6 elastic blades of 1mm and
1.5mm thickness
4.
Fig. 3.34. The moment- angle characteristic
for various sets of blades of different
thickness 1mm and 1.5mm
CONCLUSIONS
According to the experimental data obtained with the first industrial applications, SERBSITON solution to provide isolation against shocks, vibrations and seismic movements at
buildings, pipe networks and equipment , is ranked among the most efficient solution applicable
today.
REFERENCES
1. V. Serban, Brevet de inventie OSIM nr. 119845/29.04.2005 "Structura sandvis, dispozitiv
avand in componenta aceasta structura pentru preluarea si amortizarea incarcarilor pentru
controlul comportarii unei structuri si retea de dispozitive";
2. Agrement Tehnic nr. 016 – 03/144 „Disipatori mecanici de energie seismica Tip SERB- B”
Consiliu Tehnic Permanent Pentru Constructii;
3. P 100-1/2004. Cod de proiectare seismica;
4. Viorel Serban, Marian Androne, Dan Cretu, Constantin Pavel, Mihai Pavel „Controlul,
limitarea si amortizarea miscarilor seismice ale unei constructii cu ajutorul dispozitivelor
SERB” – A 3-a Conferinta Nationala de Inginerie Seismica, Bucuresti, decembrie 2005.
5. Viorel Serban, Adrian Panait, Ilie Prisecaru “SITON solutions to increase new or existing
npp’s reliability & safety by controlling, limiting and damping shocks, vibrations & seismic
movements” - JRC Information Day and S&T Workshops11 May 2006.
6. Serban Viorel, „Cuplaj elastic cu amortizare” - Cerere de brevet de inventie nr. OSIM
A/00172/06.03.2007.
7. Viorel Serban, Marian Androne, George Ciocan, Madalina Sendrea “Consolidarea Corpului B
din complexul administrativ NAVROM in solutia SERB – SITON prin controlul, limitarea si
amortizarea miscarilor seismice” – premiul special al juriului – AICPS, 18 mai 2006;
8. Viorel Serban, Adrian Panait “Isolation and Damping of Shocks, Vibrations, Impact Load
and Seismic Movements at Buildings, Equipment and Pipe Networks by SERB-SITON
Method” – ICONE14-89189, MIAMI – FLORIDA, USA, July 2006.
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