APUSH Winter Final 2012
APUSH
Information and Review
Exam Structure
Your exam will consist of two parts: A 50 minute DBQ taken from Unit 4 and a two hour, 75 question multiple choice
exam that will cover all material that we have discussed throughout the semester. Your final exam grade will be the
average of these two scores while the individual exam scores will count towards your Cycle 3 exam grade. You will have
two hours on the day of the final exam to complete the multiple choice section.
In addition to being a test of your content knowledge, your final will test your mastery of your writing skills. Please be
sure to review the essay writing strategies that you have been given over the course of the year as well as any feedback
that you have received on past essays.
Your Chapter 15 Vocabulary Quiz will also be a part of your final exam on the day that you take the multiple choice
portion.
Key Terms and Review Questions
Unit I
Key Terms
Anne Hutchinson
Bacon’s Rebellion
Headright System
James Oglethorpe
John Smith
John Winthrop
King Philip’s War
Massachusetts Bay Company
Mayflower Compact
Navigation Acts
Plymouth Plantation
Quakers
Roger Williams
Sir William Berkeley
Theocracy
Virginia House of Burgesses
William Bradford
William Penn
1. Compare patterns of settlement and expansion in the Chesapeake with those in New England. What were the
major differences? Were there any similarities?
2. What were the reasons for the revolts and rebellions that occurred in the colonies of Virginia, Maryland,
Massachusetts, and New York between 1660 and 1700? How were these rebellions resolved?
3. How did the institution of slavery in England’s Atlantic seaboard colonies differ from slavery in the Caribbean?
What accounted for these differences?
4. What were the middle grounds, and how did conditions there differ from conditions in the colonies along the
Atlantic seaboard?
5. How did the Glorious Revolution in England affect England’s North American colonies?
6. How did the English colonies in the Chesapeake, New England, and mid-Atlantic differ from one another in
purpose and administration?
7. How “English” were the colonies in the decades after British settlements?
8. What did the English want from the colonies in the first century of English settlement in North America?
Key Terms
Cotton Mather
Covenant
George Whitefield
Great Awakening
Indentured Servitude
Indigo
John Peter Zenger
Slave Codes
The Enlightenment
Jonathan Edwards
Stono Rebellion
Middle Passage
Triangular Trade
1. How did patterns of family life and attitudes toward women differ in the northern and southern colonies?
2. How did the lives of African slaves change over the course of the first century of slavery?
3. Who emigrated to North America in the seventeenth century, and why did they come?
4. What was the intellectual culture of colonial America, as expressed in literature, philosophy, science, education,
and law?
5. How and why did life in the English colonies diverge from life in England?
6. What accounted for the rapid increase in the colonial population in the seventeenth century?
7. Why did African slavery expand so rapidly in the late seventeenth century?
8. How did religion shape influence colonial society?
Key Terms
Albany Plan
Benjamin Franklin
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
Charles Townshend
Coercive Acts
Committees of Correspondence
Creoles
Currency Act
Daughters of Liberty
First Continental Congress
George Grenville
Impressment
Iroquois Confederacy
Lord North
Mutiny Act
Patrick Henry
Proclamation of 1763
Quebec Act
Samuel Adams
Sons of Liberty
Stamp Act
Stamp Act Congress
Sugar Act
Tea Act
Townshend Duties
William Pitt
1. How did the Seven Years’ War and its outcome affect Britain’s attitude and policies toward its North American
colonies?
2. What Native Americans fought in the French and Indian War, and how did the war’s outcome affect them?
3. How and why did the colonists’ attitude toward Britain change from the time of the Seven Years’ War to the
beginning of the American Revolution?
4. What were the philosophical underpinnings of the colonists’ revolt against Britain?
5. What did the slogan “No taxation without representation” mean, and why was it a rallying cry for the colonists?
6. What policies did Parliament implement with regard to the colonies in the 1760s and 1770s, and why did Britain
adopt these policies?
7. How did the colonists respond to Parliament’s actions?
Unit II
Key Terms
Articles of Confederation
Lord Cornwallis
Thomas Paine
Common Sense
Loyalists (Tories)
Valley Forge
Daniel Shays
Olive Branch Petition
William Howe
George Washington
Saratoga
Yorktown
Hessians
Second Continental Congress
John Locke
Thomas Jefferson
1. What questions didthe Second Continental Congress debate, and how did it answer them?
2. What was the impact of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense on Americans’ view of the war with Britain?
3. How and why were the Americans able to prevail in their War for Independence?
4. What were the ideological ideals of the new state and national governments, and how did those ideals compare
with the realities of American society?
5. What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation?
6. How did the Revolution affect the role of religion and the position of churches in American society?
7. What were the military strategies (both British and American) of each of the three phase of the American
Revolution? How successful were these strategies during each phase?
8. How did the new national government of the United States reflect the assumptions of republicanism?
Key Terms
Alexander Hamilton
Great Compromise
Revolution of 1800
Alien and Sedition Acts
James Madison
Separation of Powers
Antifederalists
Jay’s Treaty
The Federalist Papers
Bill of Rights
John Adams
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Checks and Balances
New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
Citizen Genet Affair
Pinckney’s Treaty
Whiskey Rebellion
Federalists
Quasi War
XYZ Affair
Federalism
Republicans
1. How did the Constitution of 1787 attempt to resolve the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?
2. What role did the Federalist Papers play in the battle over ratification of the Constitution?
3. What were the main tenets of Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan?
4. What diplomatic crises did the United States face in the first decade of its existence, and how did the new
government respond to these crises?
5. What was the “Revolution of 1800” and in what way was it a revolution?
6. What were the most important questions debated at the Constitutional Convention of 1787, and how were they
resolved?
7. What were the main tenets of the Federalist and Antifederalist arguments on ratification of the Constitution?
8. What were the origins of America’s “first party system”?
Key Terms
Aaron Burr
John Marshall
Tecumseh
Deism
Marbury v. Madison
The Embargo
Eli Whitney
Noah Webster
The Prophet
Hartford Convention
Robert Fulton
Washington Irving
Impressment
Second Great Awakening
William Henry Harrison
1. How successful was Jefferson’s effort to create a “republican” society dominated by sturdy, independent
farmers?
2. How did the Napoleonic wars affect the United States?
3. What events and issues led to the War of 1812?
4. What was the impact of the Second Great Awakening on women, African Americans and Native Americans?
5. What was the long-term significance of the Marbury v. Madison ruling?
6. How did Americans respond to the Louisiana Purchase?
7. What foreign entanglements and questions of foreign policy did Jefferson have to deal with during his
presidency? How did these issues affect his political philosophy?
8. What were the consequences of the War of 1812?
Unit III
Key Terms
Adamis-Onis Treaty
American System
Francis Cabot Lowell
Gibbons v. Ogden
Henry Clay
John Quincy Adams
McCulloch v. Maryland
Missour Compromise
Monroe Doctrine
Seminole War
1. How did the War of 1812 stimulate the national economy?
2. What were the reasons for the rise of sectional differences in this era? What attempts were made to resolve
these differences? How successful were those attempts?
3. Why was the Monroe Doctrine proclaimed?
4. What was the significance of Andrew Jackson’s victory in the election of 1828?
5. How did the economic developments and territorial expansion affection American nationalism?
6. What was the “era of good feelings,” and why was it given that name?
7. How did the Marshall Court seek to establish a strong national government?
Key Terms
Andrew Jackson
Bank War
Daniel Webster
“Five Civilized Tribes”
Indian Territory
John C. Calhoun
John Tyler
Martin Van Buren
Nicholas Biddle
Nullification
Panic of 1837
Removal Act
Roger B. Taney
Seminole War
Specie Circular
Spoils System
Trail of Tears
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Webster-Hayne Debate
Whigs
William Henry Harrison
1. How did the electorate expand during the Jacksonian era, and what were the limits of that expansion?
2. What events fed the growing tension between nationalism and states’ rights, and what were the arguments on
both sides of that issue?
3. What was the Second Party System, and how did its emergence and rise change national politics?
4. What was Andrew Jackson’s political philosophy, and how was it reflected in the policies and actions of his
administration?
5. Who benefited under Jacksonian democracy? Who suffered?
6. How did Andrew Jackson change the office of the presidency?
7. Who supported and who opposed the Bank of the United States and why? Who was right?
8. How and why did white attitudes toward Native Americans change, and how did these changes lead to the
Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears?
Key Terms
Cult of Domesticity
Factory System
Nativism
Cyrus H. McCormick
Know-Nothings
Samuel F.B. Morse
Erie Canal
Lowell System
1. What were the political responses to immigration in mid-nineteenth-century America? Do you see any parallels
to responses to immigration today?
2. Why did the rail system supplant the canal system as the nation’s major transportation network?
3. How did the industrial workforce change between the 1820s and the 1840s? What were the effects on American
society of changes in the workforce?
4. How did America’s industrial revolution and the factory system change family life and women’s social and
economic roles?
5. How did agriculture in the North change as a result of growing industrialization and urbanization?
6. What were the factors in the U.S. economic revolution of the mid-nineteenth century?
7. How did the U.S. population change between 1820 and 1840, and how did the population change affect the
nation’s economy, society, and politics?
8. Why did America’s industrial revolution affect the northern economy and society differently than it did the
southern economy and society?
Key Terms
Charles Grandison Finney
Hudson River School
Seneca Falls
Edgar Allen Poe
James Fenimore Cooper
Shakers
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Joseph Smith
Susan B. Anthony
Frederick Douglass
Lucretia Mott
Transcendentalism
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Margaret Fuller
Walt Whitman
Henry David Thoreau
Nathaniel Hawthorne
William Lloyd Garrison
Herman Melville
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Horace Mann
Sarah and Angela Grimke
1. How did an American national culture of art, literature, philosophy, and communal living develop in the
nineteenth century?
2. What were the issues on which social and moral reformers tried to “remake the nation”? How successful were
they?
3. Why did the crusade against slavery become the preeminent issue of the reform movement?
4. What arguments and strategies did the abolitionists use in their struggle to end slavery? Who opposed them and
why?
5. What were the aims of the women’s movement of the nineteenth century? How successful were women in
achieving these goals?
6. What is “romanticism” and how was it expressed in American literature and art?
7. How did religion affect reform movements, and what was the effect of these movements on religion?
Unit IV
Key Terms
Abraham Lincoln
Compromise of 1850
Dred Scott decision
“Forty-Niners”
Free Soil Party
Gadsen Purchase
General Antonio Lopez de Santa
Anna
Harpers Ferry
James K. Polk
John Brown
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Manifest Destiny
Oregon Trail
Popular Sovereignty
Sam Houston
Stephen A. Douglas
Stephen F. Austin
Tejanos
The Alamo
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Wilmot Proviso
Winfield Scott
“Young America”
Zachary Taylor
1. How did the annexation of western territories intensify the conflict over slavery and lead to deeper divisions
between the North and the South?
2. What compromises attempted to resolve the conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new territories? To
what degree were these compromises successful? Why did they eventually fail to resolve the differences
between the North and the South?
3. What were the major arguments for and against slavery and its expansion into new territories?
4. How were the boundary disputes over Oregon and Texas resolved? Why were the resolutions in the two cases
so different?
5. How did Polk’s decisions and actions as president intensify the sectional conflict?
6. What was the issue at stake in “Bleeding Kansas,” and how did events in Kansas reflect the growing sectional
division between the North and South?
7. What was the Dred Scott decision? What was the decision’s impact on the sectional crisis?
8. How did the growing sectional crisis affect the nation’s major political parties?
Key Terms
Abraham Lincoln
Antietam
Appomattox Court House
Bull Run
Clara Barton
Emancipation Proclamation
Fort Sumter
George B. McClellan
Gettysburg
Greenbacks
Homestead Act
March to the Sea
Morrill Land Grant Act
Robert E. Lee
Shiloh
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Ulysses S. Grant
U.S. Sanitary Commission
William Tecumseh Sherman
1. How did the North’s mobilization for war differ from mobilization in the South? What accounts for these
differences?
2. What were the differences between the impact of the war in the North and the South?
3. What were the military strategies employed by the North and the South from the opening clashes in 1861
through the Union victory in 1865, and how did these strategies differ?
4. Assess the advantages of the North and those of the South at the beginning of the Civil War. How did the
advantages of each side change over the course of the war?
5. How did the Confederate government differ from the federal government of the United States?
6. How did the Civil War affect the West?
7. How did the war affect the lives of women in the North and in the South?
8. Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation and what were its effects?
Key Terms
Andrew Johnson
Atlanta Compromise
Black Codes
Booker T. Washington
Carpetbaggers
Charles Sumner
Compromise of 1877
Fourteenth Amendment
Freedmen’s Bureau
Ida B. Wells
Jim Crow Laws
Ku Klux Klan
Panic of 1873
Plessy v. Ferguson
Radical Republicans
Redeemers
Scalawags
Sharecropping
Thaddeus Stevens
William Seward
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What were the principal questions facing the nation at the end of the Civil War?
What were the achievements of Reconstruction? Where did it fail and why?
What new problems arose in the South as the North’s interest in Reconstruction waned?
What was the Compromise of 1877, and how did it affect Reconstruction?
How did the New South differ from the South before the Civil War?
What were the various plans for Reconstruction proposed by Lincoln, Johnson, and Congress? Which plan was
enacted and why?
7. What were the effects of Reconstruction for blacks and whites in the South?
8. What were the political achievements and failures of the Grant administration?