Consultation On Ecodesign Requirements For
Professional Refrigeration: Process Chillers
Instructions
Welcome to the questionnaire on Ecodesign of Refrigeration Process Chillers.
Please look carefully at the following before you start filling in the questionnaire:




General Introduction – introduces the process and explains why this product and four other
refrigeration products are subject to possible regulation
Questionnaire (this document) – summarises the proposed regulatory requirements for process
chillers and the questions for stakeholders
Annex 1: SEPR calculation method for process chillers
Annex II: SEPR calculation spreadsheet tool for process chillers (please download from our
website
http://www.enterpriseeuropeeast.org.uk/eox/services/hys_detail.asp?ConsultationID=68
Process Chillers: basic information
What is the consultation about?
Possible mandatory requirements applicable to process chillers (CE-marking)
What is the definition of “process chiller” for this new Regulation?
A ‘process chiller’ is a factory-built piece of refrigeration equipment which is primarily intended to cool
down and maintain the temperature of a liquid (water or brine) using a vapour compression cycle within
a refrigeration process, including at least a compressor and an evaporator within a “package”.
This includes:
 Refrigeration process chillers sold with an integral condenser, and refrigeration process
chillers intended for use with a remote condenser, condensing unit or refrigeration system.

Refrigeration process chillers intended for use with air-cooled or water-cooled condensing.
Page 1 of 26

Refrigeration process chillers sold with or without the coolant circuit hardware1.

Refrigeration process chillers intended for use at high, medium or low operating
temperature.

Refrigeration process chillers of all cooling capacities.
THE FOLLOWING ARE EXCLUDED

Refrigeration process chillers which are not factory-built units, i.e. are field erected (built insitu from components purchased separately by the installer)

Refrigeration process chillers exclusively intended for use with evaporative condensing

Refrigeration process chillers using absorption technology
Notes:
a) 'Operating temperature' means the temperature of the cooled liquid at the outlet of the
evaporator ("temperature of the water or brine leaving the evaporator")
b) ‘Low operating temperature' means that the chillers is intended to function at an operating
temperature between -25°C and -8°C with the reference point at -25°C
c) ‘Medium operating temperature' means that the chillers is intended to function at an operating
temperature between -12°C and +3°C with the reference point at -8°C
d) ‘High operating temperature' means that the chillers is intended to function at an operating
temperature between +2°C and +15°C with the reference point at +6°C
Basic rationale behind the proposal
Available evidence indicates that the average cooling capacity of process chillers is in the range of 220 –
260 kW and that energy efficiency increases with the cooling capacity. The market is mostly driven on
price, and new technologies allowing energy savings are perceived as too expensive by most users (e.g.
electronic expansion valve, high efficiency compressors, improved or larger heat exchangers,
economiser). Hence it is proposed to encourage sales of more energy efficient equipment through
gradually rising mandatory minimum requirements.
1
The coolant circuit hardware is the ancillary equipment designed to drive the refrigerated liquid through the
coolant circuit and usually includes a circulation pump and a liquid buffer tank. Refrigeration process chillers sold
without the coolant circuit hardware are known as “split chillers” and included into the scope of the present
Regulation.
Page 2 of 26
As the majority of process chillers have condensing units located outdoors, significant energy savings
can be achieved by controlling the condensing temperature to float downwards in cooler ambient
conditions, as well as matching capacity to cooling demand. Good performance can be revealed through
assessing the seasonal efficiency. Hence minimum requirements are specified for SEPR and not COP (see
below).
PROPOSED REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
Please be aware that only products complying with the values in the table below would be allowed to
be placed on the EU market.
Minimum values are set only for medium and low-temperature models with only information
requirements for high-temperature models.
SEPR is the seasonal energy performance ratio (see explanations below)
Table 1 – Minimum requirements to be met by air-cooled process chillers
Operating temperature
Cooling capacity (kW)
Minimum SEPR
(°C)
At +35°c ambient
Tier 1
temperature
From 1 January 2014
<300 kW
n.a
High
>300 kW
n.a
<300 kW
2.24
Medium
>300 kW
2.80
<200 kW
1.48
Low
>200 kW
1.6
Minimum SEPR
Tier 2
From 1 January 2017
n.a
n.a
2.58
3.22
1.70
1.84
Table 2 – Minimum requirements to be met by water-cooled process chillers
Operating temperature
Cooling capacity (kW)
Minimum SEPR
(°C)
At +30°c ambient
Tier 1
temperature
From 1 January 2014
<300 kW
n.a
High
>300 kW
n.a
<300 kW
2.86
Medium
>300 kW
3.80
<200 kW
1.82
Low
>200 kW
2.10
Minimum SEPR
Tier 2
From 1 January 2017
n.a
n.a
3.29
4.37
2.09
2.42
What is SEPR?
SEPR is the seasonal energy performance ratio of a chiller. It is calculated from the COP of the unit
at four different ambient temperatures and cooling loads, called rating points. The required rating
Page 3 of 26
points are specified in Annex 1 (SEPR calculation method), showing for each rating point the
necessary part load ratio and air dry bulb temperature for the outdoor heat exchanger.
A calculation tool is also provided to help suppliers calculate the SEPR from the 4 rating point
measurements. Download Annex 2 from our website (SEPR calculation spreadsheet). To use the
spreadsheet, please insert the declared cooling capacity and COP of the unit at the 4 rating points
(A, B, C and D). The spreadsheet automatically calculates the SEPR.
It would be extremely useful for you to use this tool to work out the SEPR of your best
selling products – and see if they meet the proposed requirements!
What is the test method?


EN 14511:2011 Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven
compressors for space heating and cooling.
prEN 14825 Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven
compressors, for space heating and cooling. Testing and rating at part load conditions and
calculation of seasonal performance.
Please be aware that these standards will be updated to:
•
•
allow calculation instead of testing under certain conditions
include the method for measuring the SEPR (Seasonal Energy performance ratio). Please see the
transitional SEPR calculation method in Annex 1. An SEPR calculation spreadsheet (Annex 2) will
be available freely on-line for helping SME manufacturers to calculate their SEPR
Under these proposals, what must I declare in my product declaration before I CE-mark my
product?
January 1, 2014 onwards, the following parameters shall be reported in the product documentation for
all refrigeration process chillers (whatever the operating temperature):
 Intended operating temperature(s), expressed in °C
 COP at full load and +35°C ambient temperature and corresponding cooling capacity and power
input, expressed in kW , with rating temperature of test liquid
 SEPR and corresponding cooling capacities and power inputs at all reference points A, B, C and
D, expressed in kW , with rating temperature of test liquid
Useful links


European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/ecodesign
ASERCOM http://www.asercom.org/
Page 4 of 26



EPEE http://www.epeeglobal.org/
Eurovent CECOMAF http://www.eurovent-association.eu/
ANIMA http://www.anima.it/
Page 5 of 26
Identification of the respondent
A. What is your field of activity?
☐ Manufacturer of chillers
☐ Manufacturer of other refrigerating equipment
☐ Installer of chillers
☐ User of chillers
☐ User of other refrigeration equipment
☐ Other industry
Please indicate: _________________________________________________
☐ Other
Please indicate: ________________________________________________
B. In which country is your company located? ______________________________
C. What is the size of your company (number of employees)?
☐ Micro (0-9)
☐ Small (10-49)
☐ Medium-sized (50-249)
☐ Large (more than 250)
Page 6 of 26
Questionnaire
1. In order to estimate the energy savings that could be achieved through regulation, it is necessary to
estimate the efficiency of typical products on the market today. The table below shows our
estimates. Efficiency will only be widely known in terms of COP at this time, until SEPR is properly
established. COP is refrigerating capacity (kW) divided by the electrical power used (kW) and
measured according to European standards EN14511 (+32°C ambient temperature).
AIR COOLED CHILLERS
Temperature
range
Capacity
range,
kW
Assumed
Market
average
capacity for
that range,
kW
Medium
<300 kW
140
Typical
(market
average)
COP
Best
achievable
COP today
on the
market*
Yes, I
agree
No, I don’t
agree and I
suggest the
following
value(s)
If no,
explain
why
below
the table
No, I don’t
agree and I
suggest the
following
value(s)
If no,
explain
why
below
the table
☐
2.39
2.54
Low
>300 kW
450
2.48
<200 kW
110
1.34
☐
☐
1.85
>200 kW
330
☐
1.5
* With best available technology, irrespective of price.
WATER COOLED CHILLERS
Temperature
range
Capacity
range,
kW
Assumed
Market
average
capacity for
that range,
kW
Medium
<300 kW
140
Typical
(market
average)
COP
Best
achievable
COP today
on the
market *
Yes, I
agree
☐
2.72
2.89
Low
>300 kW
450
2.81
<200 kW
110
1.52
☐
☐
2.1
>200 kW
330
1.70
* With best available technology, irrespective of price.
Page 7 of 26
☐
2. Process chillers are often situated outdoors and they experience higher ambient temperatures in
summer and lower temperatures in winter. This affects their efficiency. Therefore, efficiency of
these units is proposed to be regulated using the Seasonal Energy Performance Ratio (SEPR) instead
of COP.
a. Please have a look at explanations in the introduction and at Annex 1 explaining the SEPR
calculation method . The method is meant to be used by manufacturers to provide
comparable information on the energy performance of all chillers placed on the EU market.
Therefore, it has to base on "standardised" use pattern and load profile. Do you agree that
the proposed SEPR calculation method is acceptable to assess the energy performance of
chillers over the year?
☐Yes
☐No (Please state why and what improvements you suggest):
b. Please have a quick look at the SEPR calculation spreadsheet (Annex 2) that the European
Commission proposes to provide on line free of charge to any interested manufacturer or
installer. To use the spreadsheet, please insert the declared cooling capacity and COP of the
unit at the 4 rating points (A, B, C and D). The spreadsheet automatically calculates the
SEPR. Is this tool adequate to help you calculate your SEPR figures?
☐Yes this tool is adequate to help me work out SEPR
☐No the tool is not good enough and needs to be improved
Comments/Suggestions:___________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
c. Do you agree that it is not necessary to set minimum efficiency requirements for COP, and
those minimum requirements for seasonal efficiency are sufficient on their own?
☐Yes
☐No (Please state why and what improvements you suggest):
Page 8 of 26
3. The proposed requirements will result in products with lower SEPR being removed from the
market. The available evidence suggests that Tier 1 (January 2014) will affect a relatively small
proportion of products; Tier 2 (January 2017) is more stringent but allows time for suppliers to
improve their products before it comes into effect.
It would be extremely useful for you to use the SEPR calculation tool to work out the SEPR of your
best selling products – and see if they meet the proposed requirements!
a) In your view, what proportion (in % of product sales) of the products YOU SELL OR
MANUFACTURE would fail to meet the Tier 1 SEPR requirements?
☐0%-5% ☐ 5%-10%
☐11%-20% ☐21%-30% ☐31%-40% ☐41%-50% ☐Over 51%
b) In your view, what share (in % of product sales) of the products YOU SELL OR MANUFACTURE
would fail to meet the Tier 2 SEPR requirements?
☐0%-5% ☐ 5%-10%
☐11%-20% ☐21%-30% ☐31%-40% ☐41%-50% ☐Over 51%
c) In your view, what share (in %) of all the products CURRENTLY SOLD on the whole EU market
would fail to meet the Tier 1 SEPR requirements?
☐0%-5% ☐ 5%-10%
☐11%-20% ☐21%-30% ☐31%-40% ☐41%-50% ☐Over 51%
d) In your view, what share (in %) of all the products CURRENTLY SOLD on the whole EU market
would fail to meet the Tier 2 SEPR requirements?
☐0%-5% ☐ 5%-10%
☐11%-20% ☐21%-30% ☐31%-40% ☐41%-50% ☐Over 51%
e) For your own business, is it achievable to adapt your product range and gather the performance
information you need to meet the proposed requirements, given the remaining time before
entry into force? Tier 1 takes effect January 2014; Tier 2 in January 2017.
☐Yes for Tier 1
☐No for Tier 1
☐Yes for Tier 2
☐No for Tier 2
Additional comments/ justifications:________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Page 9 of 26
4. In your view, will the requirements affect any sub-segments of the market much harder than
others? (For example any specific type of product, any specific cooling capacity range). If so, please
state which and why.
☐Yes (Please state which and why):
_______________________________________________________
☐No
5. We estimate that the average purchase price of process chillers will increase by 1% to 3% with Tier 1
requirements due to small numbers of products affected and normal competitive forces
constraining increases. The poorest performing products would need to improve and this can be
achieved through improvements such as use of an electronic expansion valve, adding less than 3%
to their production and installation costs, and therefore to their price. For complying with Tier 2,
today’s better performing products would not have to change at all ; but for many poorer
performing products, this could mean larger heat exchangers, more efficient fan motor etc. We have
to estimate how the required improvements might affect the price of process chillers and compare
to typical prices today.
a) Do you agree with the following values?
Temperature
range
High
Medium
Low
Typical
cooling
Capacity,
kW
Typical
Product list
price €
2012
(excluding
VAT)
Estimated
average price
increase in 2014
to meet Tier 1
requirements
Estimated
average price
increase in 2017
to meet Tier 2
requirements
140
I
agree
€18,000
3%
15%
☐
450
€59,000
1%
10%
☐
140
€28,000
3%
15%
☐
450
€90,000
1%
10%
☐
110
€31,000
3%
15%
☐
330
€94,000
1%
10%
☐
I don’t agree
and suggest
alternative
value(s)
b) Is it reasonable to assume that most or all of the cost increases will be passed on to buyers?
☐Yes
☐No (Please state why):
Page 10 of 26
6. The proposals will require some products to be tested to determine COP and SEPR. Testing will
probably only be required for the process chiller(s) selected as typical of each product family.
Performance of other products in the family can be determined by calculation from the results of
the tested model, according to industry best practice methodologies (details to be agreed when
updating EN14511 and/or prEN 14825).
a) For complying with the proposed requirements, will you test the chillers you make or sell in
your own test facility or pay for testing at an external (third party) facility? Please be aware
that third party testing will not be required (up to each manufacturer to decide between
third-party or in-house testing).
☐Own test facility – up to maximum cooling capacity (kW): __________ .
☐ External third party facility.
b) If you test them externally, how much would this cost per product, in your view?
Approximate capacity range of products which would need to be tested externally (kW) :
____________________________
Approximate cost per product for a test (EURO) : ____________________________
c) If you test them at your own facility, roughly how many man-days of your staff will it take to
set up, test and prepare the report for each typical product?
Approximate number of staff man-days per product for a test: __________________
7.
The proposed regulation will incur some other compliance and administrative costs on suppliers.
We have estimated that this will cost a supplier approximately the amounts shown below. Does this
seem a fair estimate? If not, please indicate what additional costs will be incurred and why.

Additional technical documentation for each product: € 4,000 per product range to cover
analysis and writing of new technical material.

Additional CE marking, assuming small changes to existing metal label (purchase of new
stamp): € 1,500 per product range.
Changes to advertising and customer communications: Nil (done when other changes are
required anyway)

No other costs of compliance and administration are envisaged.
Page 11 of 26
☐Yes, this is fair.
☐No, this is not fair because: ______________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
8.
Do you foresee any significant impact(s) on the competitiveness of this sector resulting
from the proposed requirements?
☐No
☐Yes
Our preliminary assessment is for some positive and some negative impacts on competitiveness:
 Tier 2 might increase prices for cheaper products by 10% to 15%. This may also affect export
prices.
☐Yes I agree.
☐No I disagree because______________________________________________
 The regulation will encourage investment in product development and innovation
☐Yes I agree.
☐No I disagree because______________________________________________
 The regulation will stop some poor efficiency (perhaps cheaper) imports
☐Yes I agree.
☐No I disagree because______________________________________________
 Manufacturers will have more costs for testing and conformity. This applies equally to EU
suppliers and importers.
☐Yes I agree.
☐No I disagree because______________________________________________
 The sector has many SMEs who assemble products from components, and these will have to pay
for external testing; whereas most large manufacturers already have in-house test rooms
(which were/are very expensive to build, equip and run).
☐Yes I agree.
☐No I disagree because______________________________________________
 There will continue to be plentiful supply of products that meet the requirements, although
perhaps fewer at the lowest price levels.
☐Yes I agree.
☐No I disagree because______________________________________________
Page 12 of 26
Suggest here any other important competitiveness impacts to consider:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
9. High temperature process chillers operate at the same temperature range as air-conditioning
chillers (the liquid leaves the evaporator at +6°C). But they are considered to have a different use
pattern and load profile over the year, and therefore to be characterised by different design and
optimisation. Air conditioning chillers are very likely to be subject to a separate regulation for which
the test methodology and legal requirements will be comparable but not necessarily identical.
a) Do you agree that refrigeration process chillers account for around 20% of the total chiller
market (which includes both air-conditioning and refrigeration applications)?
☐ Yes
☐ No
Reasons, if No: _____________________________________________________
b) Do you agree that the majority of refrigeration process chillers (around 80%) are of the high
temperature type (liquid leaving the evaporator at +6°C)?
☐ Yes
☐ No
Reasons, if No: _____________________________________________________
c) It is proposed that the manufacturers will have to declare, for each model of high temperature
chiller which they sell in the EU, whether it is "primarily intended" for refrigeration process or
air conditioning applications, or both. This will determine whether the chiller has to meet the
legal requirements applicable to refrigeration process applications (under the Regulation which
is discussed here) or air conditioning applications (under a future Regulation), or both. Do you
agree with this approach?
☐ Yes
☐ No
Reasons, if No: _____________________________________________________
Page 13 of 26
d) Please indicate any additional issues that you believe need to be taken into account relating to
having separate regulations for high temperature chillers for air-conditioning and process
applications.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Any further comments:
Thank you for your valuable input!
Please return completed questionnaires to: enterprise.europe@eeneast.org.uk or post to:
The Enterprise Europe Network,
Biopark, Broadwater Road,
Welwyn Garden City,
Hertfordshire,
AL7 3AX.
Page 14 of 26
Annex 1 to the European Commission stakeholder questionnaire on possible
Ecodesign requirements for professional refrigeration products
TRANSITIONAL METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE SEPR (SEASONAL ENERGY PERFORMANCE
RATIO) FOR CHILLERS USED FOR REFRIGERATION APPLICATIONS (DRAFT)
1 Definition of terms
To be completed
2 General
For the purpose of calculation reference SEPR as explained in Chapter 5 of this transitional method, the
part load ratios mentioned below shall be based on the part load ratio formulas (1st column of the tables
in this chapter) and not on the rounded figures as mentioned in the 2nd column of the tables.
3 Air-cooled process chillers
For each application, units allowing or not a variation of the outlet water temperature with the outdoor
temperature are considered. The variable outlet temperature shall only be applied when the control
provides an outdoor air temperature dependant modification of the outlet temperature.
The part load conditions for determining the reference SEPR are given in the following table.
Table 1 – Part load conditions for reference SEPR calculation of air-cooled chillers on Low temperature
application
Outdoor heat
exchanger
Part load ratio
Part load
ratio
(%)
air dry bulb
temperature
(°C)
Indoor heat exchanger
Evaporator
inlet/outlet temperatures
(°C)
Fixed outlet
A
80% + 20%*(TA-TD)/(TA-TD)
100%
35
B
80% + 20%*(TB-TD)/(TA-TD)
93%
25
a
/ -25
C
80% + 20%*(TC-TD)/(TA-TD)
87%
15
a
/ -25
D
80% + 20%*(TD-TD)/(TA-TD)
80%
5
a
/ -25
a
-19 / -25
with the water f
with a variable water flow rate; ); and TA,TB,TC and TD temperatures at reference points A,B,C and D respectively.
Page 15 of 26
Table 2 – Part load conditions for reference SEPR calculation of air-cooled chillers on Medium temperature
application
Outdoor heat
exchanger
Part load ratio
Part load
ratio
(%)
air dry bulb
temperature
(°C)
Indoor heat exchanger
Evaporator
inlet/outlet temperatures
(°C)
Fixed outlet
A
80% + 20%*(TA-TD)/(TA-TD)
100%
35
-2 / -8
B
80% + 20%*(TB-TD)/(TA-TD)
93%
25
a
/ -8
C
80% + 20%*(TC-TD)/(TA-TD)
87%
15
a
/ -8
D
80% + 20%*(TD-TD)/(TA-TD)
80%
5
a
/ -8
a
with the water flow rate as determined during “A” test for un
with a variable water flow rate and TA,TB,TC and TD temperatures at reference points A,B,C and D respectively.
Table 3 – Part load conditions for reference SEPR calculation of air-cooled chillers on High temperature
application
Part load ratio
Part load
ratio
(%)
Outdoor heat exchanger
Indoor heat exchanger
air dry bulb temperature
(°C)
Evaporator
inlet/outlet temperatures
(°C)
Fixed outlet
A
80% + 20%*(TA-TD)/(TA-TD)
100%
35
B
80% + 20%*(TB-TD)/(TA-TD)
93%
25
a
/6
C
80% + 20%*(TC-TD)/(TA-TD)
87%
15
a
/6
D
80% + 20%*(TD-TD)/(TA-TD)
80%
5
a
/6
a
12/ 6
with the water flow rate as determined during “A” test for units with a fixed water flow rate or with a fixed
with a variable water flow rate.
Page 16 of 26
4 Water-cooled process chillers
The part load conditions for determining the reference SEPR are given in the following table.
Table 4- Part load conditions for reference SEPR calculation for water-cooled chillers for Low temperature
application
Outdoor heat exchanger
Part load ratio
Part load
ratio
(%)
Inlet/ outlet water
temperatures (°C)
Indoor heat exchanger
Evaporator
Inlet / outlet temperatures
(°C)
Fixed outlet
A
80% + 20%*(TA-TD)/(TA-TD)
100%
30 / 35
B
80% + 20%*(TB-TD)/(TA-TD)
93%
23 / a
a
/ -25
a
a
/ -25
a
/ -25
C
80% + 20%*(TC-TD)/(TA-TD)
87%
16 /
D
80% + 20%*(TD-TD)/(TA-TD)
80%
9/a
-19 / -25
a
with the water flow rate as determined during “A” test for units with a fixed water
with a variable water flow rate.
Table 5 - Part load conditions for reference SEPR calculation for water-cooled chillers for Medium temperature
application
Outdoor heat exchanger
Part load ratio
Part load
ratio
(%)
Inlet/ outlet water
temperatures (°C)
Indoor heat exchanger
Evaporator
Inlet / outlet temperatures
(°C)
Fixed outlet
A
80% + 20%*(TA-TD)/(TA-TD)
100%
30 / 35
B
80% + 20%*(TB-TD)/(TA-TD)
93%
23 / a
a
/ -8
a
a
/ -8
a
/ -8
C
80% + 20%*(TC-TD)/(TA-TD)
87%
16 /
D
80% + 20%*(TD-TD)/(TA-TD)
80%
9/a
-2 / -8
a
with the water flow rate as determined during “A” test for units with a fixed water flow rate or with a fixed
with a variable water flow rate.
Table 6- Part load conditions for reference SEPR calculation for water-cooled chillers for High
temperature application
Outdoor heat exchanger
Part load ratio
Part load
ratio
(%)
Inlet/ outlet water
temperatures (°C)
Indoor heat exchanger
Evaporator
Inlet / outlet temperatures
(°C)
Fixed outlet
A
80% + 20%*(TA-TD)/(TA-TD)
100%
Page 17 of 26
30 / 35
12/ 6
B
80% + 20%*(TB-TD)/(TA-TD)
93%
23 / a
a
/6
C
80% + 20%*(TC-TD)/(TA-TD)
87%
16 / a
a
/6
D
80% + 20%*(TD-TD)/(TA-TD)
80%
9/a
a
/6
a
with the water flow rate as determined during “A” test for units with a fixed water flow rate or with a fixed
with a variable water flow rate.
Page 18 of 26
6K for units
5 Calculation methods for reference SEPR
5.1General Formula for calculation of reference SEPR
The calculation of the reference SEPR that applies to all types of units is given by the following formula:
Reference SEPR = reference annual refrigeration demand divided by the annual electricity consumption.
This annual electricity consumption includes the power consumption during active mode
NOTE : for refrigeration application, on mode and standby modes do not exist. The appliance is running
always.
n
SEPR 
h
j1
j
 PR (T j )
 PR (T j ) 


h


j 

COP
(T
)
j1
PL
j 

n
(Eq. 1)
Where :
Tj = the bin temperature
j = the bin number, with j
n = the amount of bins
PR(Tj) = the cooling demand of the building for the corresponding temperature Tj.
hj = the number of bin hours occurring at the corresponding temperature Tj.
COP(Tj) = the COP values of the unit for the corresponding temperature Tj.
Page 19 of 26
Table 7 – bin number j, outdoor temperature Tj in oC and number of hours per bin hj corresponding to the
reference refrigeration season
j
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Tj
-19
-18
-17
-16
-15
-14
-13
-12
-11
-10
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
hj
0,08
0,41
0,65
1,05
1,74
2,98
3,79
5,69
8,94
11,81
17,29
20,02
28,73
39,71
56,61
76,36
106,07
153,22
203,41
247,98
282,01
275,91
300,61
310,77
336,48
350,48
363,49
368,91
371,63
377,32
376,53
386,42
389,84
384,45
370,45
344,96
328,02
305,36
261,87
223,90
196,31
163,04
141,78
121,93
104,46
85,77
71,54
56,57
43,35
31,02
20,21
11,85
8,17
3,83
2,09
Page 20 of 26
56
57
58
36
37
38
1,21
0,52
0,40
NOTE: the bin of Strassbourg is used based on ASHRAE 2009 climate data.
The refrigeration demand PR(Tj) can be determined by multiplying the full load value (PdesignR) with the
part load ratio % for each corresponding bin. This part load ratios % are calculated in Table 1 to 6.
Page 21 of 26
5.2The Calculation procedure for determination of COPPL values at part load
conditions A, B, C, D
In part load condition A (full load), the declared capacity of a unit is considered equal to the refrigeration
load (PdesignR)
COPPL(TA) = COPdesignR
(Eq. 2)
In part load conditions B,C,D, there can be 2 possibilities:
1) If the declared capacity (DC) of a unit matches with the required refrigeration loads, the corresponding
COPDC value of the unit is to be used. This may occur with variable capacity units.
COPPL(TB,C or D)=COPDC
(Eq. 3)
2) If the declared capacity of a unit is higher than the required refrigeration loads, the unit has to cycle
on/off. This may occur with fixed capacity or variable capacity units. In such cases, a degradation factor
(Cd or Cc) has to be used to calculate the corresponding COPPL value. Such calculation is explained below .
5.2.1 For Air-cooled process chillers
5.2.1.1 Calculation procedure for fixed capacity units
For each part load conditions B,C,D the COP is calculated as follows:
COPPL(TB,C,D)=COPDC*(1-Cd*(1-CR))
(Eq. 4)
Where
COPDC
= the COP corresponding to the declared capacity (DC) of the unit at the same temperature
conditions as for part load conditions B,C,D.
Cd
5.2.1.1.1
= the degradation coefficient for air-cooled chillers, determined as indicated in section
CR
= the capacity ratio
The capacity ratio is the ratio of the refrigeration demand (PR) over the declared capacity (DC)
of the unit at the same temperature conditions:
Page 22 of 26
(Eq. 5)
5.2.1.1.1 The determination of the Cd value:
Option 1: fixed Cd value
The value of Cd can be set once for all, between 0.1 and 0.25. This option takes into account the fact
that the determination of the coefficient of degradation may be difficult, since the applications differ far
more than in air-conditioning and heat pump units.
Option 2: Cd value determined through testing
When there is a cooling demand, the compressor is on and the total power consumption includes all
electrical auxiliary devices.
Once the set point is reached, the cooling demand is satisfied. The compressor is then off but there is
still a remaining power consumption due to the other auxiliary devices (electronics, fans etc.). The
degradation coefficient is due to two effects:
1) the power consumption of the unit when the compressor is off
2) the pressure equalization that reduces the cooling capacity when the unit is restarted.
For determining the degradation factor Cd, the unit is cycled on for 6 min and then off for 24 min for an
approximately 20 % part load by switching on and off the compressor.
If it is not possible to make the measurements with the required uncertainty of measurement when
using a cycling interval of 6/24 min, then another cycling interval shall be chosen but not representing a
greater part load ratio than 50 % (i.e. 10/10 min).
During this cyclic test, the delivered refrigeration capacity is integrated over the on/off interval. Then
the
cyclic COP is obtained by dividing the integrated refrigeration capacity (kWh) by the electrical energy
used by the unit over the same on/off interval.
The energy ratio (ER) is calculated by dividing the time integrated refrigeration capacity (kWh) by the
refrigeration energy (kWh) that would have been delivered by the unit running continuously for the
same
time interval (i.e. 30 min).
The degradation coefficient Cd is calculated as the ratio of the cyclic COP to the continuous (steadystate)
COP (for the same ambient test conditions) according to following formula:
Page 23 of 26
(Eq. 6)
If the degradation coefficient Cd has been determined for cooling (function) mode, it can be applied for
heating (function) mode and vice versa.
If the degradation coefficient Cd is not measured, a default value of 0.25 shall be used.
5.2.1.2 Calculation procedure for variable capacity units
Determine the declared capacity and COPPL at the closest step or increment of the capacity control of
the unit to reach the required refrigeration load. If this step does not allow reaching the required
refrigeration load, determine the capacity and COPPL at the defined part load temperatures for the steps
on either side of the required refrigeration load. The part load capacity and the COPPL at the required
refrigeration load are then determined by linear interpolation between the results obtained from these
two steps.
If the smallest control step of the unit is higher than the required refrigeration load, the COPPL at the
required part load ratio is calculated using Eq. 4 as for fixed capacity units.
The refrigeration load reached with capacity control of the unit shall be at least equal to the required
refrigeration load. If the refrigeration load can not be met with capacity control, the step control mode
in the calculation tool can be used where no coefficient of degradation is considered except for the
lowest step.
5.2.2 Water-cooled process chillers
5.2.2.1 Calculation procedure for fixed capacity units
For each part load conditions B,C,D the COPPL is calculated as follows:
(Eq. 7)
Where
COPDC
= the COP corresponding to the declared capacity (DC) of the unit at the same temperature
conditions as for part load conditions B,C,D.
Cc
= the degradation coefficient for water-cooled chillers, determined as indicated in
section 5.2.2.1.1
CR
= the capacity ratio, as in Eq.5 .
Page 24 of 26
5.2.2.1.1 Determination of Cc:
Option 1: fixed Cc value
The value of Cc can be set once for all at a fixed value between 0.1 and 0.25. This option takes into
account the fact that the determination of the coefficient of degradation may be difficult, since the
applications differ far more in refrigeration than in air-conditioning and heat pump units.
Option 2: Cc value determined through testing
For water-cooled chillers, the degradation coefficient Cc due to the pressure equalisation effect when
the unit restarts can be considered as negligible.
The only effect that will impact the COP at cycling is the remaining power input when the compressor is
switching off.
The electrical power input during the compressor off state of the unit is measured when the compressor
is switched off for at least 10 min.
The degradation coefficient Cc is determined for each part load ratio as follows:
(Eq. 8)
If Cc is not determined by test then the default degradation coefficient Cc shall be 0.25
5.2.2.2 Calculation procedure for variable capacity control units
Determine the declared capacity and COPPL at the closest step or increment of the capacity control of the unit to
reach the required refrigeration load. If this step does not allow reaching the required refrigeration load,
determine the capacity and COPPL at the defined part load temperatures for the steps on either side of the
required refrigeration load. The part load capacity and the COP PL at the required refrigeration load are then
determined by linear interpolation between the results obtained from these two steps.
If the smallest control step of the unit is higher than the required refrigeration load, the COPPL at the required part
load ratio is calculated using Eq 7 as for fixed capacity units.
The refrigeration load reached with capacity control of the unit shall be at least equal to the required refrigeration
load. If the refrigeration load can not be met with capacity control, the step control mode in the calculation tool
can be used where no coefficient of degradation is considered except for the lowest step.
5.3Calculation procedure for determination of COPPL values at other part load
conditions, different than part load conditions A, B, C, D
The COP values at each bin are determined via interpolation of the COP values at part load conditions
A,B,C,D as mentioned in the tables of chapter 3 of this transitional method
For part load conditions above part load condition A, the same COP values as for condition A are used.
For part load conditions below part load condition D, the same COP values as for condition D are used.
Page 25 of 26
Figure 1: Schematic overview of the SEPR calculation points
Page 26 of 26