Study Guide CPES Chapter 8
Earth Systems
Reading: pages 31, 39-42, 130-165, 258-266, 619-620
1. List Earth’s three main layers and give an important fact or two about each. pg 31-3
2. Answer question #1 on page 41
3. Answer question #2 on page 41
4. Answer question 3 on page 41
5. Answer question #4 on page 41
6. Define mineral. pg 130
7. a.About how many minerals are referred to as rock forming minerals?
b.How much of the earth’s crust consists of the rock forming minerals? pg 133
8. What impressed you most when you made a scale drawing of the earth’s interior? pg 143
9. If the size of the earth isn’t changing, and if some continents are moving farther apart, what must be
happening at other locations on Earth? pg 145
10. When experiencing an earthquake, one may first feel a sharp thud and a few seconds later a swaying motion.
Why? pg 149-50
11. What is the ranking of a major earthquake on the Energy Magnitude scale?
pg 150
12. If experiencing an earthquake, what should a person do? pg 150-1
13. Why is a knowledge of plate tectonics important?
14. Identify six ways minerals can become concentrated. pg 153-5
15. When plates collide, one of three conditions can occur. List them. pg 157-8
16. When a continental plate meets an oceanic plate, what happens? pg 158
17. List some of the tools modern geologists use to locate “hard to find” mineral deposits. pg 161
18. What is milling? pg 165
19. What is gangue? pg 165
20. What is the tailing? pg 165
21. What is reclamation? pg 619-20
22. Can mined land be reclaimed? Defend your answer.
23. What is soil? pg 258
24. What is humus? pg 261
25. Sketch a soil profile. pg 262
Completion
Complete each statement.
26. Rocks are made of ____________________. pg 130
27. Igneous rock is formed by _________________________. pg 135
28. Extrusive igneous rock is formed by the ____________________. pg 135
29. Intrusive igneous rock is formed by the ___________________________________. pg 135
30. Large, coarse-grained crystals are formed when a rock cools ____________________. pg 135
31. Metamorphic rock is formed by _________________________. pg 136
32. Sedimentary rock is formed by _________________________. pg 136
33. ____________________ links the nonliving to the living. pg 258
34. ____________________ soil is sticky, holds water too tightly for plants, and is not loose. pg 259
35. ____________________ soil is gritty, doesn’t hold water, and is very loose. pg 259
36. ____________________ soil is smooth, holds the right amount of water, and is best for plants. pg 259
37. Topsoil is the ____________________ horizon. It supports agricultural crops. pg 261
38. ____________________ is the best soil for growing crops. pg 264
39. ____________________ soil has about equal amounts of sand and silt, but very little clay. pg 264