World History
Chapter 12 Test Review
Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution
Mrs. Patton/Coach Bennett
Renaissance: rebirth of classic culture and ideas
Medici Family: supporters of the Renaissance in Florence, Italy
Francesco Petrarch: one of the 1 st humanists; wrote love poems, studied history, grammar, philosophy
Niccolo Machiavelli: wrote “The Prince”, a story about using any means to get power
Michelangelo: painted ceiling of Sistene Chapel and sculpted Pieta
Leonardo da Vinci: painted Last Supper and Mona Lisa, sketched many later inventions
Johannes Gutenberg:
German inventor of the printing press
William Shakespeare: English writer, wrote lots of plays/poems, used emotions to make characters seem real
Thomas More: English writer, wrote Utopia, a book about the perfect world
1. When the Renaissance began, what time period ended? The Middle Ages or Dark Ages
2. Where did the Renaissance begin?
Italy
3. What are the “classic” civilizations that humanists studied?
Greek and Roman
4. How did art and literature during the Renaissance differ from art during the Middle
Ages?
In the Renaissance it showed feelings and emotions, it was more human
5. Describe a “utopian” society according to Thomas More. A perfect world
6. What was the biggest reason that the Renaissance spread throughout Europe? The printing press allowed books to spread ideas
Protestant Reformation:
2 nd split in the Christian church
Martin Luther: German priest who began the Reformation
John Calvin: Swiss pastor who started Calvin Church and believed in predestination
King Henry VIII:
English king who started Anglican Church
7. What church were people protesting against during the Reformation?
Catholic
8. People who were against the Catholic Church in the 1500s were called what? Protestants

9. What were indulgences and how did they work?
“sin for free” cards, people could sin and then pay the church to forgive their sins.
10. What was the first Protestant church? Lutheran
Who started it? Martin Luther
Why? He protested against the Catholic church and was banned, so he started his own
11. Explain how the Catholic Church began to reform itself.
The Inquisition prosecuted heretics, The
Council of Trent defined Catholic beliefs, forced priests to go to school, and banned indulgences, and the Society of Jesus
strengthened the church.
12. What was the biggest result of the Reformation? Lots of new churches in Europe that weren’t
Catholic
Francis Bacon: developed the Scientific Method
Heliocentric theory: the sun is the center of the universe
Galileo Galilei: invented telescope, proved heliocentric theory but was forced to reject it by the Inquisition
Isaac Newton: explained gravity and laws of motion
13. How did new scientists prove their theories were true?
By experimenting and observing
14. Who first wrote about the heliocentric theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Why didn’t anyone believe him? They didn’t understand him, they believed their senses instead of his studies
15. What did Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo have in common?
They all believed in and worked to prove the heliocentric theory.
16. Explain how people changed their way of thinking during the Scientific Revolution.
(What did people believe in the Middle Ages? What did science teach people to do?)
In the Middle Ages all questions were answered by God or magic. Science taught people to experiment and observe to prove things. People were taught to think, ask questions and study to find answers.