Final Exam Study Guide
Dermatomes, Myotomes, and Deep Tendon Reflexes
Know the dermatomes, myotomes, and deep tendon reflexes for the upper and
lower extremity.
Upper Extremity C5- T1
Lower Extremity L1-S1
Sensory, Motor, and Integrative Systems
Definitions
Sensory modality
Selectivity
Nociceptor
Osmoreceptor
phantom limb sensation
proprioception
Sensory receptor
mechanoreceptors
photoreceptor
somatic sensations
Referred pain
stimulus
thermoreceptor
chemoreceptor
cutaneous sensations
analgesia
Concepts
Sensation vs. perception (conscious vs. subconscious sensation)
General senses (somatic and visceral) vs. special senses
3 sensory receptor types
4 events in sensation
Microscopic structural characteristics (provide examples of each type)
Generator potential vs. receptor potential
Exteroreceptor vs. interoreceptor
Types of stimuli detected / 4 modes of somatic sensation
muscle spindles, tendon organs, joint kinesthetic receptors
First-order, second-order and third-order neurons
Relay Stations
Lower motor neurons / upper motor neurons
Special Senses
Definitions
Chemoreceptor
Olfactants
Taste Aversion
Sty
Vitreous floaters
Constriction
Concave
Blind Spot
cerumen
Bowman’s glands
Tastants
Electromagnetic Radiation
Conjunctiva
Intraocular pressure
accommodation
near point of vision
detached retina
Hyposmia
Gustatory Hair
Chalazion
AMD
refraction
convex
convergence
perforated eardrum
Concepts
Which special senses are chemical senses?
Know the three kinds of cells in olfactory receptors
Know the innervation of the olfactory glands
Understand the concept of threshold and adaptation in relation to the special senses
Know the olfactory pathway – from receptors to cerebral cortex
What are the five tastes that can be distinguished?
Know the kinds of taste buds and where they are located / what is unique about the
filiform papillae?
Know the 3 kinds of epithelial cells with each taste bud
Know the gustatory pathway from receptor to cerebral cortex
Know the location and function of the accessory structures of the eye (palpebrae,
lacimal caruncle, conjunctiva, meibomian glands, sebaceous ciliary glands)
Know the parts of the lacrimal apparatus and the drainage pattern
Know the innervation of the extrinsic eye muscles
Know the three layers of the eyeball
Be able to identify and tell the function of the following structures: cornea, sclera,
choroid, ciliary body, zonular fibers, ciliary muscle, iris, pupil, circular muscles,
radial muscle, retina, photoreceptors (rods and cones), optic disc, optic nerve, lens,
vitreous body,
Know the major refraction abnormalities from your lecture notes
Know basic rod and cone structure and location
Light and dark adaptation
Know the visual pathway from photoreceptor to cortex
Know the major parts of the external ear and their function (external auditory canal,
tympanic membrane)
Know the major parts of the middle ear and their function (auditory ossicles, oval
window, Eustachian tube)
Know the major parts of the inner ear and their function (semicircular canals,
cochlea, hair cells)
Know the auditory pathway to the cerebral cortex