Teacher notes- Tissues
Tissue – a group or mass of similar cells working together to perform certain
common functions
There are 4 major types of tissue:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Epithelial – lines and protects the body and organs.
Connective – connects, supports, and protects the body.
Nervous – sends signals throughout the body.
Muscle – allows for movement- voluntary/ involuntary
1. Epithelial Tissue
General Characteristics:
- Found throughout the body, covers all body surfaces both inside and out.
- Main glandular tissue.
- Attached to underlying connective tissue by noncellular nonliving basement
membrane.
- Usually has no vascular tissue - blood supply
- Cells reproduce rapidly (rapid healing).
- Cells tightly packed together
Functions:
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Protection,
secretion,
absorption,
excretion,
sensory perception
Six Specific types of epithelial tissue - categorized based on the shape of the
cells and the layers of cells.
A. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS - single layer (simple) of very thin, flattened cells
(squamous).
Function: diffusion and filtration..
Found in: air sacs of lungs, walls of capillaries.
B. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL - single layer, cube-shaped cells.
Function: Secretion and absorption.
Found: Lining of kidney tubules, ducts of glands, covering surface of ovaries
C. SIMPLE COLUMNAR - single layer, elongated cells with their nuclei in about
the same position in each cell (usually near the basement membrane).
Function: Protection, secretion, absorption.
Found in the lining of digestive tract and uterous
D. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS - muli-layered, squamous cells. Thicker tissue.
Functions in protection.
Found lining body cavities like the mouth and outer layer of skin
E. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR - appear "stratified" but really a single
layer with nuclei at various levels giving the appearance of layered cells.
- Function: secretion and cilia-aided movement
- Location: lining air passages like the trachea and tubes of the reproductive
system
F. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM - thick, layered cuboidal cells. "Stretchable"
tissue, also forms barrier to block diffusion. Found: lining of urinary bladder.
2. Connective Tissue
General Characteristics:
-Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout
-Binds structures together
-Provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood
cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue.
-Composed of more scattered cells with abundant intercellular material ' matrix
-Made up of a ground substance (fluid, semi-solid) and fibers
-Most has a good blood supply
-Cells can reproduce
Three common types of cells:
1. mast cells (prevents blood clots)
2. macrophages (phagocytic) and
3. fibroblasts (most abundant, produce fibers)
Main types of fibers:
-collagenous fibers - thick, made of protein collagen, major structural protein in
the body, appear in long parallel bundles. Strong, flexible, but not very elastic,
also known as white fibers. (bones, ligaments, tendons)
- elastic fibers - microfibrils in protein elastin, yellow fibers. Not as strong, but
very elastic (respiratory and vocal cords)
CATEGORIES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A. LOOSE C.T. or AREOLAR TISSUE - binds skin to underlying organs and
organs to organs, space between muscles
B. ADIPOSE TISSUE - aka FAT, beneath skin, around kidneys and eyeballs,
abdominal membranes.
Function: Protective cushion, insulation to preserve body heat, stores energy,
cells are called adipocytes
C. FIBROUS C.T. - dense tissue, closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and
fine network of elastic fibers. Few cells, poor blood supply, thus slow healing.
Tendons - connect muscles to bones
Ligaments - connect bones to bones
CARTILAGE (all cartilage cells are called chondrocytes)
D. HYALINE CARTILAGE - very fine white (collagenous) fibers. Most common
cartilage. Covers ends of bones and joints, noise, respiratory passages.
E. ELASTIC CARTILAGE - more flexible and elastic, external ear and larynx
F. FIBROCARTILAGE - very tough, large numerous collagenous fibers.
Intervertebral disks, menisci
G. BONE TISSUE - Osseus tissue. Rigid due to mineral salts.
Layers - lamellae, haversian canals, osteocytes
H. BLOOD TISSUE - circulates throughout the body
3. Muscle Tissue
A. Skeletal - skeletal muscles - voluntary (striated)
B. Smooth - in hollow organs, stomach - involuntary
C. Cardiac - wall of the heart
4. Nerve Tissue - Found in brain, spinal cord,
nerves
A. Neurons - transmit signals
B. Neuroglia - protection, support
Student notes- Tissues
Tissue –
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
There are 4 major types of tissue:
1.
2.
3.
4.
______________________ – lines and protects the body and organs.
______________________ – connects, supports, and protects the body.
______________________ – sends signals throughout the body.
______________________ – allows for movement- voluntary/ involuntary
1. Epithelial Tissue
General Characteristics:
- Found throughout the body, covers all body surfaces both inside and out.
- Main _______________________.
- Attached to underlying connective tissue by noncellular nonliving basement
membrane.
- Usually has ________________________________ - blood supply
- Cells _____________________________________ (rapid healing).
- Cells ___________________________ together
Functions:
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_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Six Specific types of epithelial tissue - categorized based on the
___________________________ and _________________________________.
A. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Function: _____________________ and ______________________..
Found in: _________________________ and, __________________________.
B. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL - single layer, _________________________ cells.
Function: __________________________ and ______________________.
Found: ___________________, _____________________________,
____________________________________________.
C. SIMPLE COLUMNAR - single layer, __________________________ with
their __________________________ in about the ________________________
in each cell (usually near the basement membrane).
Function: __________________, ___________________, _________________.
Found in the lining of _________________________ and __________________
D. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS - _________________, squamous cells.
_____________________ tissue.
Functions in _________________________.
Found lining body cavities like the _______________ and __________________
E. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR - appear "__________________" but
really a __________________________ with nuclei at various levels giving the
appearance of _____________________________.
- Function: _____________________
- Location: lining air passages like the __________________ and tubes of the
________________________________________________
F. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM - _____________________, layered
_____________________ cells. "________________________" tissue, also
forms barrier to ___________________________.
Found: lining of __________________________.
2. Connective Tissue
General Characteristics:
-Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout
-Binds structures together
-Provides _____________________, _________________________,
____________________, _________________________,
_______________________, ___________________________,
_________________________, and helps _____________________________.
-Composed of more _______________________________ with abundant
intercellular material ' matrix
-Made up of a ground substance (fluid, semi-solid) and fibers
-Most has a good blood supply
-Cells can ___________________________
Three common types of cells:
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
Main types of fibers:
-collagenous fibers - thick, made of protein collagen, major structural protein in
the body, appear in long parallel bundles. Strong, flexible, but not very elastic,
also known as white fibers. (bones, ligaments, tendons)
- elastic fibers - microfibrils in protein elastin, yellow fibers. Not as strong, but
very elastic (respiratory and vocal cords)
CATEGORIES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A. LOOSE C.T. or AREOLAR TISSUE - binds skin to ________________, and
organs to organs, and binds the space between muscles
B. ADIPOSE TISSUE - aka FAT, beneath skin, around ______________ and
____________________, abdominal membranes.
Function: Protective cushion, insulation to preserve body heat,
__________________________, cells are called adipocytes
C. FIBROUS C.T. - dense tissue, closely packed, and fine network of elastic
fibers. Few cells, poor blood supply, thus slow healing.
Tendons - connect ______________ to ________________
Ligaments - connect ______________ to ________________
CARTILAGE (all cartilage cells are called ____________________________)
D. HYALINE CARTILAGE - very fine white (collagenous) fibers. Most common
cartilage. Covers ends of bones and joints, noise, respiratory passages.
E. ELASTIC CARTILAGE - more flexible and elastic, external ear and larynx
F. FIBROCARTILAGE - very tough, large numerous collagenous fibers.
Intervertebral disks, menisci
G. BONE TISSUE - Osseus tissue. Rigid due to mineral salts.
Layers - lamellae, haversian canals, osteocytes
H. BLOOD TISSUE - circulates throughout the body
3. Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal - __________________ muscles - voluntary (striated)
2. Smooth - in hollow organs, ___________________ – involuntary
3. Cardiac - wall of the _____________________
4. Nerve Tissue - Found in brain, spinal cord,
nerves
A. Neurons - _________________________________
B. Neuroglia - _________________, and __________________
Tissue worksheet #1
TISSUE TYPES
MAJOR TISSUE
SPECIFIC TYPES OF TISSUE
WHERE ITS FOUND IN YOUR
BODY
Lining of air sacs in the lungs
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
Digestive tract (intestinal wall)
Air passages (trachea, etc)
Outer layer of skin
TRANSITIONAL
Binds skin to internal organs
Layer beneath the skin
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Covers ends of bones at joints
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
ELASTIC CARTILAGE
FIBROCARTILAGE
Skeleton
Circulates throughout body
RETICULOENDOTHELIAL
Muscles connected to bones
Walls of many internal organs
Walls of the heart
NERVE TISSUE
NERVE TISSUE
Name _______________________
CONNECTIVE TISSUE MATRIX
Coloring Instructions
collagen fibers [A] yellow.
fibroblasts [B] blue.
mast cells [C] purple .
macrophages [D] orange
elastic fibers [E] green (shade over the
line)
blood vessel and blood cells [F] red.
fat cells [G] pink.
Match the structure to the function
(use letters)
1. ____ Store energy
2. ____ Production of fibers
3. ____ Consume debris and foreign
objects
4. ____ Fiber that makes up
tendons
5. ____ Prevention of blood clots
Epithelial Tissues
Introduction
Epithelia are tissues
consisting of closely
apposed cells without
intervening intercellular
substances. Epithelia are
avascular, but all
epithelia "grow" on an
underlying layer of
vascular connective
tissue. The connective
tissue and the epithelium
are separated by a
basement membrane.
Epithelium covers all free
surfaces of the body.
Epithelium also lines the
large internal body
cavities, where it is
termed mesothelium.
Furthermore, the internal
surfaces of blood and lymph vessels are lined by epithelium, here called
endothelium.
Epithelia are classified on the basis of the number of cell layers
and the shape of the cells in the surface layer.
* If there is only one layer of cells in the epithelium, it is designated
simple.
* If there are two or more layers of cells, it is termed stratified.
* Cells in the surface layer are, as a rule, described according to
their height as squamous (scale- or plate-like), cuboidal or
columnar.
Psuedostratified epithelia appears to be layered (stratified) because the
cell nuclei occur in two or more levels in a row of aligned cells
Name:____________________________
Date Due:_____________________
Epithelial Tissues Assignment
1. Epithelia are classified by the number of cell layers and the
___________________________ of the cells.
(1 mark)
2. Distinguish between simple and stratified.
(2 marks)
3. Describe the 3 main shapes of epithelial cells:
(3 marks)
4. Scientific Drawings (review how to make an illustration of the slides).
(12 marks)
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Label each drawing with the type of tissue, its location and
function
Identify any important structures (nuclei ...etc) on your drawings
Type of tissue, location,
function
Type:__________________
Found in:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
Function:_______________
_______________________
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_______________________
Type:__________________
Found in:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
Function:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Scientific drawing
Type:__________________
Found in:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
Function:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Type:__________________
Found in:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
Function:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Type:__________________
Found in:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
Function:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Type:__________________
Found in:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
Function:_______________
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________