Achilles Tendon squeeze test (Pg361)
Athlete Prone. Leg at 90 degrees. Compress
muscles
Foot should dorsiflex.
If not, positive for Achilles rupture
Tinel’s Sign (Pg367)
Tap tibial nerve under medial malleolus
Pain expressed is a positive sign of tibial nerve
entrapment
Inversion/eversion of ankle joint
Grasp tibia/fibula and invert/evert ankle
Compare with opposite side
Positive sign is excessive motion
Elbow collateral ligaments
Apply varus (lateral) and valgus (medial) motion
to elbow while supporting wrist
Compare with opposite side
Positive sign is pain in the collateral ligament or
excess motion
Hand test for radial nerve injury
Thumb to first and second fingers. Test for
strength/weakness
Compare to opposite hand. Positive if
excessively weak
Hand test for medial nerve injury
Thumb to first, second, and third fingers. Test
for strength/weakness
Compare to opposite hand. Positive if
excessively weak
Hand test for ulnar nerve injury
Thumb to third and fourth fingers. Test for
strength/weakness
Compare to opposite hand. Positive if
excessively weak
Phalen’s Test (Pg 443)
Hands inverted at 90 degrees and apply pressure
for 60 seconds
Produces shooting pain or numbness in the hand
Positive for carpal tunnel syndrome
Anterior drawer test (knee)
Knee flexed, pull tibia anterior
Excess motion indicative of ACL tear
Posterior drawer test (knee)
Knee flexed. Push tibia posterior
Excess motion indicative of PCL tear
Knee valgus test (full extension)
Knee straight, hand under ankle, pressure to
lateral knee
Pain or excessive movement at medial collateral
ligament is positive
Knee varus test (full extension)
Knee straight, hand under ankle, pressure to
medial knee
Pain or excessive movement at lateral collateral
ligament is positive
Knee valgus test (30 degree flexion)
Knee bent 30 degrees, hand under ankle,
pressure to lateral knee
Pain or excessive movement at medial collateral
ligament is positive
Knee varus test (30 degree flexion)
Knee bent 30 degrees, hand under ankle,
pressure to medial knee
Pain or excessive movement at lateral collateral
ligament is positive
Aply compression test
Athlete prone. Knee flexed 90 degrees. Pressure
downward with rotation
Pain or popping in knee indicative of meniscus
injury
Lachman’s test
Athlete flexed knee. One hand behind knee,
other moves tibia ant & post.
Positive for ACL/PCL injury if excessive
movement or pain
McMurray test
Knee bent, hip extended, foot rotated laterally
then medially.
Extend leg out to 180 degrees and lower leg
Pain or popping in knee indicative of meniscus
injury
Pain on lateral rotation is medial meniscus
Pain on medial rotation is lateral meniscus