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BIOLOGY__Chapter 20-PROTISTA notes
I.The Kingdom Protista
• Defined more by differences than similarities
• Not actual plants ,animals or fungi
• Many _________________________- and all eukaryotes
• So diverse that many biologists suggest they should be composed of several kingdoms
• Classification based on :
• 1)________________________________-heterotrophs,autotrophs,decomposers and parasites
• 2)Some classified by how they move
II. Animallike protists:___________________________________
• 4 Phylla: distinquished by modes of movement
• ___________________use whiplike flagella;many are aquatic;many absorb food through cell
membranes;many reproduce asexually and some sexually by meiosis
• Sarcodines use _________________for movement and feeding:example-amoebas-move by extensions of psuedopods:have food vacuoles;_______________secrete calcium carbonate
shells

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--Paramecium
• Ciliophora move by hairlike __________________;best known are of genus ____________-has micronucleus and macronucleus,gullet or oral groove,anal groove,contractile vacuole to
balance water content,reproduce asexually and sexually by conjugation
• _____________do not move;many parasites,reproduce by ________
•
--Diseases from protists

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• ****-_____________________-caused by Plasmodium and Anopheles mosquito,many forms
resistant to drugs
•
• Other Protistan diseases_Trypanosoma
• Carried by ______fly
•
• Amebic dysentery

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•
• Giardia
•
• NONPARASITIC__Trichonympha-mutualism

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• Digests wood for termite!!!!
• III.Plantlike Protists
• Unicellular algae
• Contain chlorophyll and undergo photosynthesis
• ***_____________________-plantlike,have flagella and no cell wall
•
• _________________________________-yellow-green algae and golden brown algae
• _______________________-thin ,delicate CELL WALLS OF SLICA-GLASSLIKE
• DINOFLAGELLATES-half are photosynthetic and half are heterotrophic,some luminescent
• PHYTOPLANKTON-near surface of ocean and food source

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• Algal blooms that are massive depletion of nutrients and many cells die-an indicator of pollution
• IV .Plantlike protists-red,brown and green algae
• Red algae-__________________-uses chloroplyll a and accessory pigments and can live at great depths;most multicellular and play role in coral reef
• Brown algae________________________-have chlorophyll a and c and an accessory pigment:largest and most complex of algae-kelp can grow 60 m in length
• Green algae-_______________________-have chlorophyll a and b;unicellular,colonial,and multicellular
• HUMAN USES OF ALGAE-
• -animal and human food source
• -used in medications
• -ice cream
• -used in making plastics,waxes,deodorants,paints,transitors ,lubricants,agar,toothpaste
V.Funguslike protists
• Have centrioles and LACK chitin cell walls of regular fungus kingdom
• Heterotrophs as decomposers
• SLIME MOLDS-on forest floor-spore forming
WATER MOLDS-hyphae and spores-connected to great “Potato Famine”
•