Chemistry 149-ES Syllabus
Fall 2011
Instructor:
Dr. Laura Stultz
SSC-340 (x4877)
email: lstultz@bsc.edu
Office Hours:
M F 9:30-11:00 am, 1:30-3:00 pm; W 10:00-11:00 am
other times by appointment
if I am in my office with the door open, you are welcome to drop in
Text:
Silberberg; Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
5th Edition
ChemConnections Modules
Global Warming
Computer Chip Thermochemistry
Water Treatment
CASPiE – Antioxidants in Foods
Explorations Seminars ask four questions:
•
How does one effectively participate in the college community?
•
How does one learn to ask the “right” kinds of questions?
•
How does one use research to explore problems and develop solutions?
•
How does one work with others to develop better, more useful understandings?
As an Exploration in Scholarship seminar, this course assumes that learning and
understanding begin with curiosity. Our understanding grows as we collaborate with others,
connect ideas, do research, and give and receive feedback. In this class, we present our ideas
in writing, in oral presentations, in class discussions. All of these modes provide us
opportunities to practice and hone our learning strategies, strategies that can serve us in this
class and in all college coursework and endeavors. In the end, we arrive in a new place,
seeing the world in a new way. Identifying new ways of being, doing, and knowing is the
essence of learning in college.
In this course there will be three projects that will allow you to explore scholarship in the
field of chemistry:
Global Warming Debate – Working in groups, students will research the question
“Should the United States enact legislation to limit the amount of greenhouse gases
released into the atmosphere?” This research should include the scientific issues, but
also the economic and political aspects if this question. In the class debate you are
required to present a convincing argument and ask questions that highlight the
important issues related to this topic.
2. Computer Chip Project – As a class, students will perform a series of experiments
on the plating and etching of various metals and solutions. After compiling the data,
students will work in pairs to design a protocol for etching and plating a specific
pattern on a piece of aluminum to model the process of making a computer chip.
1.
Each student will write a research paper that describes their experimental protocol and
results along with the thermodynamic principles that govern the reactions they
performed.
3. Antioxidants in Foods – In the second half of the semester, the class will spend 5
weeks studying antioxidants. In lab, three weeks will be spent learning experimental
techniques to quantify three different classes of antioxidants in tea. Then your
research group will investigate the effects of additives (milk, lemon, sweetener) and
digestion on the antioxidant levels in tea. You will devise a series of experiments,
analyze the data, and present your results and conclusions to the class. Each student
will write a detailed laboratory report on the project that discusses prior research in
this area, provides background on antioxidants, and details your experimental
protocol, results, and conclusions.
Learning Outcomes: By the end of the term, students should be able to:
A. Understand fundamental chemical principles and apply them to real world problems.
B. Search the scientific literature to find published results on a given topic.
C. Read a scientific journal article and be able to identify the goals of the study, the
issues being investigated, and the most significant conclusions based on experimental
data.
D. Devise a scientific hypothesis based on previous studies, design an experimental
protocol to test that hypothesis, and interpret experimental data.
E. Write a laboratory report in the style of a scientific journal article. This should
include an abstract, an introduction to the problem being investigated with references
to previous research, a description of the experimental procedures, results using tables
and graphs as appropriate, and a discussion that describes how the results provide
insight to the problem being studied.
F. Orally communicate the results and conclusions from a scientific study.
G. Actively participate in class discussions and participate in group work in class and in
lab.
The course is divided into three modules:
Module 1: What Should We Do About Global Warming?
Topics covered : Electromagnetic Spectrum and Spectroscopy, Chemical Equations,
Stoichiometry, Lewis Structures, VSEPR Theory and Molecular Shape
Module 2: Computer Chip Thermochemistry: How Can We Create An Integrated
Circuit From Sand?
Topics covered: Thermochemistry, Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids, First
Law of Thermodynamics, Calorimetry, Second Law of Thermodynamics, Third Law of
Thermodynamics, Bond Enthalpies, Gibbs Free Energy Function
Module 3: Water Treatment/Antioxidants
Topics covered: Solubility, Dynamic Equilibrium, Le Chatelier’s Principle, Acid/Base
Chemistry, Kinetics, CASPiE project on antioxidants
Grading: You have a pre-class assignment for each class. The assignment will either be
collected or incorporated into a brief quiz or writing assignment at the beginning of class.
Each week you will be given a problem set that is due the following week. Late class
assignments or problem sets will not be accepted unless you have an excused absence. Each
module has a quiz and a graded project. Laboratory notebooks will also be graded each
week. An exam will be given at the end of each module. The final exam will be
comprehensive.
The student must make arrangements with the instructor for taking
quizzes/exams early if the student knows he/she will be absent (i.e., school function,
athletic trip, ect.). Late exams will only be permitted for documented emergency absences. If
you will be missing a class due to illness, you need to contact me via voicemail (x4877) or
email before the beginning of class and you must have a doctor's excuse before you will be
permitted to make up any work. The instructor makes the final determination of the validity
of the absence.
Your final grade will be computed using the following point distribution:
Daily assignments/labs/problem sets (10 points each)
Module quizzes (25 points each)
Global Warming Debate
Computer Chip Lab Report
Antioxidant Lab Report
Module Exams (100 points each)
Final Exam
200 points
75 points
50 points
75 points
150 points
300 points
150 points
Total
1000 points
The above distribution of points is approximate may be subject to minor changes.
Honor Code: Much of the work in this class will be collaborative in nature so it is expected
that you will discuss assignments with your classmates. However, when you turn in work as
your own, you need to be sure that what you have written is your understanding of the
concept and not simply copied from another student’s work. If you are using another
student’s laboratory data, you need to be sure to document and reference the data in any
written laboratory report and your laboratory notebook. Take home quizzes or tests should
not be discussed with anyone until they are turned in to the instructor. If you are taking a
quiz or exam early for any reason, you should not discuss any aspect of the quiz or test with
your classmates. If you are found in violation of the Honor Code by the Honor Council, you
will receive no credit for the assignment, test, or quiz in question.
Module 1: What Should We Do About Global Warming?
Outline
Wednesday August 31: Class introduction
Session 1: What Do We Need to Know About Global Warming?
In class: go over syllabus; Read and discuss articles on global warming. Discuss appropriate
internet and journal sources. Introduce culminating project.
Lab 1: Wed August 31: An Inconvenient Truth Video and discussion.
Debate groups will be assigned. Also there will be a special presentation given by the BSC
American Chemical Society Student Affiliates Group.
Friday Sept. 2 Meet in Debate Groups/ Articles on Global Warming
Preclass assignment: Finish reading Exploration 1A and answer "Gathering Information" and
“Working with Information” questions 1-5 on pages 2-5. Summarize two different scientific
articles on global warming. These articles must include actual data supporting or refuting the
theory of global warming. This data is likely to be displayed in the form of a graph, but
might also be given in tabular form. Each summary should be approximately one page;
include a copy of the graphical data as well. The key idea for this assignment is to explain
how the data supports the argument in the article. Popular journals such as Time magazine
and the New York Times science page have published good review articles that do include
some data. Be sure to cite the sources of your articles.
Wednesday Sept. 7: Session 1: What Do We Need to Know About Global Warming?
Exploration 3A: How Are The Atoms In Greenhouse Gas Molecules Connected?
Preclass Assigment: Review Section 10.1 in text pages 378-388.
In class: Review Lewis structures, formal charge, and resonance. Complete Lewis
structures in table on page 23.
Lab 2: Wed Sept 7: Exploration 5A: Is there CO2 in your breath?
Session 6: What are Your Personal Contributions to Greenhouse Gas Emissions?
In class: Discuss sources and sinks. Perform experiment in Exploration 5A Part I and answer
questions 1-2 in your lab notebook. Perform Exploration 6A and 6B recording all
calculations in notebook.
Friday Sept. 9: Exploration 3B: What Are the Shapes of the Greenhouse Gas Molecules?
Preclass Assignment: In textbook Read sections 10.2-10.3 on pages 388-401. Do problems
10.6, 10.8, 10.14, 10.16, at the end of chapter 10.
In class: Violations of octet rule. Build models and complete chart on page 23. Handout
Problem Set 1 due in one week.
Monday Sept. 12: Exploration 3C: What Determines Whether A Gas Absorbs Infrared
Radiation?
Preclass Assignment: Complete problems 10.12, 10.20,10.24 10.43, 10.45 in text book
In class: Discuss polarity and dipole moments; IR tutor.
Wednesday Sept 14 Handout: Molecular Modeling and NMR
Preclass Assignment: If you have any difficulties see me on Tuesday in my office. Read
handout on NMR. Complete the Pre-Class Assignment on page 8.
In class: Meet in the Organic Lab SSC 317. Use molecular modeling software to look at 3-D
images of molecules. Begin Parts 1-3 in handout. NMR spectra of unknown compounds will
be run.
Lab 3: Wed Sept 14 Handout: Molecular Modeling and NMR
Prelab Assignment: Complete the table in the Pre-lab exercise on pages 12-13.
In lab: Meet computer lab on 2nd floor. Complete Parts 1-2 that were not completed in class.
Each group will analyze the unknown spectra that were run this morning. As a class you will
match the unknown spectra to the compounds shown in the pre-lab assignment.
Friday Sept. 16: Hybridization and Valence Bond Theory
Preclass Assignment: Problem Set 1 due at the beginning of class. Read Sections 11.1 11.2 on pages 411-421 in your textbook Complete problems: 10.56, 10.58, 10.62, 10.63,
10.71, 10.85, 10.94
In class: Discuss hybrid orbitals and valence bond theory. Work problems together in class.
Hand out Problem Set 2 due in one week.
Monday Sept. 19: Debate preparation.
Preclass Assignment: Have data and outline of debate strategy. Your groups should have a
draft of your opening statement.
In class: Review Module material and debate format. Work in groups on your questions and
strategy.
Wednesday Sept. 21: Preparation for Final Project and Quiz 1
Preclass Assignment: Prepare for Quiz 1.
In class: Final discussion of issues. Quiz 1 in class.
Wed Sept 21: Final Project – Debate on Global Warming
To be done during laboratory period.
Friday Sept 23 Module Review
Preclass Assignment: Problem Set 2 due.
In class: Review module material, quiz 1 and problem set 2.
Monday September 26: Module 1 exam
One hour in class exam (75%) and take home portion (25%). Take home exam due
Wednesday at the beginning of class.
Module 2 Computer Chip Thermochemistry: How Can We Create An Integrated
Circuit From Sand?
Wednesday September 28: Session 1: Introduction
Session 2: Why Doesn’t Elemental Si Exist In Nature?
In class: Discuss conductors, insulators, components of integrated circuits; heat, work, and
internal energy.
Wed September 28 Lab 1: Session 4: How Can We Reduce the Heat Required To Extract
Si?
Preclass Assignment: Read Exploration 4B-4D in your module In Class: Discuss
calorimetry, specific heat, and heat capacity. Perform experiments in Explorations 4B-4D.
Record data and experimental procedure in notebook and answer questions assigned by
instructor.
Friday September 30: Exploration 2D: What Evidence Do We Have For Conservation of
Energy?
Exploration 3A: The Story-Line
Preclass Assignment: Using the movies and information at the site
http://wwnorton.com/college/chemistry/chemconnections/ answer questions 1-9 in section 1B
of your and questions 1-7 in section 1C in your module to be turned in. You may want to try
the Self-Assessment quizzes after each section to test your understanding of the material. In
your textbook read sections 61 and 6.2 pages 236-245.
In class: Discuss the First Law of Thermodynamics, exothermic and endothermic reactions.
Complete Exploration 2C, 2D and 3A. Problem Set 3 will be handed out to be turned in
next Friday October 7.
Monday October 3: Exploration 4A: The Story Line
Preclass Assignment: Read Exploration 3B and answer questions 1-6. Read Exploration 3C
and answer questions 1-5. Bring textbook to class.
In class: Discuss homework. Discuss Hess’s Law and do problems from text in groups.
Wednesday October 5: Exploration 5A: The Story Line
Exploration 5B: In Which Direction Do Chemical Systems Become More
Disordered.
Exploration 5C: How Do We Calculate Entropy Changes?
Exploration 5D: Why Do Systems Tend Towards Disorder?
Preclass Assignment: Read Exploration 5A and answer questions 1-7. If you would like a
more detailed discussion of entropy see sections 20.1 and 20.2 in your textbook
In class: Discuss spontaneous reactions, entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
Complete Exploration 5B. Discuss the Second and Third Law of Themodyanmics, standard
enthalpies, and microstates. Complete Explorations 5C and 5D in groups.
Wednesday October 5 Lab 2: Project 9B: Finding A Viable Sequence Of Tasks To
Produce A Complex Pattern On a Metal Substrate – Part 1
Preclass Assignment: Read Creating the context for Project 9B on pages 98-99. Complete
the table on page 99 under the Before Laboratory Period 1 section. You will need to use
thermodynamic data in Appendix 9B on pages 107-109.
In class: We will begin our two week final laboratory project, Project 9B. In groups we will
complete the section Laboratory Period 1 and combine our data to prepare for the second
part of the project to be completed next week. Plan a strategy for designing your own
computer chip for the next lab.
Friday October 7: Session 6: Gibbs Free Energy and Spontaneity
Preclass Assignment: Problem Set 3 due at the beginning of class.
In class: Discuss how H, S, and temperature effect spontaneity and the role of G.
Complete Exploration 6A. Begin Exploration 6B and go over Enthalpy vs. Entropy Graphing
Tool and class assignment due Monday. Problem Set 4 will be handed out and is due next
Monday October 18.
Monday October 10: Session 7: Extent of Reaction;
Preclass Assignment: Using the Enthalpy vs. Entropy Graphing Tool at the Chem
Connections website ( http://wwnorton.com/college/chemistry/chemconnections/), complete
questions 4-11 on pages 64-65 in Exploration 6B.
In class: Discuss standard conditions and the difference between G and G. Complete
Exploration 7A. .
Wednesday October 12: Session 8: Extent of Reaction under Non-standard Conditions;
Quiz 2
Preclass Assignment: Prepare for Quiz
In class: Discuss questions from Exploration 7C. Introduce Extent of Reaction Simulator.
Quiz 2 in class.
Monday October 17: Session 8 Bond Enthalpy
Preclass Assignment: Problem Set 4 due at the beginning of class.
In class: Discuss bond enthalpies. Complete Explorations 8A and 8B. Begin Exploration 8C
if time permits.
Wednesday October 19: Final Wrap up
Preclass Assignment: Complete questions 1-6 on page 92 in Exploration 8C if they were not
completed in class. In your textbook complete problems 9.49, 9.83, 9.89 on pages 374-376.
In class: Discuss problem set and any follow up questions.
Wednesday October 19 Lab 3: Project 9B: Finding A Viable Sequence Of Tasks To
Produce A Complex
Pattern On a Metal Substrate – Part 2
Preclass Assignment: Review data from last weeks lab and read Before Laboratory Period 2
on pages 101-103. Consider the two possible methods given and consider if both would
work and which would be preferable. Design a procedure of your own.
In class: Use your procedure to produce your model transistor.
Postclass Assignment: You will write a written laboratory report, detailing your procedure
and defending your choice of process. This will be due electronically Friday November 4
by 5:00pm.
Friday October 21: Module 2 Exam. One hour in class portion and a take-home
portion that is due Monday October 24 at the beginning of class.
Module 3: Water Treatment: How Can We Purify Our Water?/ Antioxidants in Food
Monday October 24: Session 1: Introduction
In class: Discuss CASPiE project and role of antioxidants in food.
Wednesday October 26: Session 4: Equilibrium
Preclass Assignment: Work on lab preparations and journal article study guide due Friday.
In class: Discuss dynamic equilibrium, and equilibrium expressions. Complete Explorations
4A, 4D in class. Discuss equilibrium simulator in Exploration 4C.
Wednesday October 26 Lab 1: Determination of ascorbic acid in lemon juice.
Preclass Assignment: Read introduction to CASPiE Module and the week 1 experiment. In
you lab notebook prepare the procedure for the titration experiment.
In class: Determine the amount of ascorbic acid in fresh and concentrated lemon juice using
iodine titration and ascorbic acid standards.
Friday October 28: Journal article analysis
Preclass Assignment: Read article by Arts et.al. and complete journal article study guide.
In class: Discuss article in class and go over questions in study guide. Discuss format of
scientific journal article and peer reviewed sources.
Monday October 31: Exploration 4E: How can we use equilibrium expression to predict
equilibrium concentrations?
Preclass Assignment: Using the equilibrium simulator at the ChemConnections website
complete Exploration 4C and turn in questions 1-5 on pages 77-79.
In class: Discuss results from reaction simulator. Discuss solubility product constants, and
molar solubility. Complete Explorations 4E.
Wednesday November 2: Exploration 4F: How can you tell whether a reaction has reached
equilibrium?
Preclass Assignment: Complete Questions 1-7 on pages 83-85 in your module. In your
textbook complete questions 19.71, 19.73, and 19.79 on page 875. You will need
information from Appendix C to complete some of these problems.
In class: Discuss reaction quotients. Complete Problems 1-14 in Exploration 4F. Review
equilibrium problems. In class work examples from chapter 17.
Wednesday November 2 Lab 2: Total Polyphenolic Assays
Preclass Assignment: Read Laboratory 2 for the Total Polyphenolics Assay. Calculate the
amounts of reagents you will need to make your solutions and how you will perform your
dilutions. Write introduction and procedure up in your laboratory notebook.
In class: In groups you will make up solutions for total polyphenolic assays. Perform total
polyphenolic assay on tea sample and standard solutions.
Friday November 4: Section 17.5 in Text: Calculating equilibrium concentrations
Preclass Assignment: In your textbook complete problems 17.36, 17.37, 19.75, 19.87 19.89
Computer Chip Lab report due at 5:00pm
In class: Bring textbook to class. Discuss methods for solving equilibrium problems. Work
examples from chapter 17. Handout Problem Set 5 due in one week.
Monday November 7: Section 17.6 in Text: Le Chatelier’s Principle
Preclass Assignment: Do problems 17.48, 17.50, 17.52, 17.54, 17.90 at the end of chapter
17. In your textbook read section 17.6 pages 745-753.
In class: Discuss Le Chatelier’s Principle. Work example problems in class and demonstrate
reversible reactions.
Wednesday November 9: Acids and Bases
Preclass Assignment In your textbook read sections 18.1-18.3. Do problems 17.64, 17.68,
17.72, 17.75
In class: Discuss, acids and bases, strengths of acids and bases, conjugate acid/base pairs, Ka,
Kb, Kw, pH. Complete Explorations 7B and 7C.
Wednesday November 9 Lab 3: TEAC assay
Preclass Assignment: Read Laboratory 3 in the CASPiE Module and prepare an
introduction and procedure in your lab notebook
In class: Measure TEAC activity of trolox, tea and epicatechin. Calculate the trolox
equivalents of tea sample.
Friday November 11: Exploration 7D: How do you determine the equilibrium
concentrations of strong and weak acids and bases?
Preclass Assignment: Problem Set 5 due at beginning of class.
In class: Discuss weak acid/base equilibria. In class work problems in Exploration 7D and
problems from chapter 18.
Monday November 14: More weak acid/base problems
Preclass Assignment: Read sections 18.4-18.5 in textbook pages 782-793. Do problems
18.10, 18.24, 18.30, 18.34, 18.50. Turn in draft for introduction of anti-oxidant paper.
In class: Further discuss weak acid/base equilibria.
Wednesday November 16: Module 3 Quiz Exploration 4G: How is Free Energy Related to
the Extent of a Reaction.
Preclass Assignment: Prepare for Quiz.
In class: Discuss how ∆G, ∆G°, K and Q are related in describing the extent of a reaction.
Complete questions 1-6 on pages 90-92 of module. This material is also covered in sections
20.4 in your textbook.
Wednesday November 16: Final Lab Projects
Preclass Assignment: In your notebook prepare your procedure for your independent project
on antioxidants in tea. If you need an additive for the tea (milk, honey, lemon), bring it to lab
unless I tell you that we have it available.
Friday November 18: Final Wrap-Up and Exam Review
Preclass Assignment: In your textbook complete problems
Monday November 21 Module 3 Exam
One-hour in class exam with take-home portion due Monday November 28
Monday November 28: Intro to Kinetics/ Initial Rate Law
In class: Hand out Problem Set 6 due on Monday December 5.
Wednesday November 30: Integrated Rate Laws: Zero, First, Second Order
Wednesday November 30: Complete Research project. Paper due Tuesday December 6.
Friday December 2: Introduction to Mechanisms
Monday December 5: Antioxidant group presentations
Preclass Assignment: Problem Set 6 Due.
Tuesday December 6 : Final lab report due electronically by 11 pm.
Wednesday December 14: Final Exam 9:00am- noon