Psychology 2314 Exam 1 Review
Mrs. Hutchinson
Chapter 1
Definition of lifespan
Concept of plasticity
Critical vs. Sensitive period
Nature vs. Nurture debate and researchers’ conclusion
Freud’s 3 components of personality
Freud’s psychosexual stages of development: including stage names and conflict, anal retentive
vs. anal expulsive, Oedipus and Electra complex
Piaget’s concept of a schema
Piaget’s stages of cognitive development: including stage names and characteristics; object
permanence, egocentrism, intuitive vs. logical thought, abstract thinking
Scientific Method
Theory vs. Hypothesis
Descriptive Methods of Research: Naturalistic Observation, Surveys and Interviews,
Standardized Tests, Case Study
Correlational research: goal of, positive vs. negative correlation, strength of relationship,
predicting relationships, does it prove causation?
Experimental research: independent vs. dependent variable, experimental group, control group,
placebo, random assignment, experimenter bias, participant bias, double blind experiment, does
it prove causation?
Population vs. Sample
Chapter 2
Chromosomes: definition, number of them in the body, how we get them, the sex chromosome
(girl vs. boy)
Genotype vs. phenotype
Multiple births: monozygotic vs. dizygotic twins
Down Syndrome: symptoms, causes/increase in risk, features
Abnormalities with sex chromosomes: Fragile X, Klinefelter Syndrome, XYY, Turner
Syndrome
Two types of prenatal diagnostic methods
Socio-economic status (SES) definition/ influences
Collectivistic vs. Individualistic cultures
Process of conception: menstrual cycle, fertilization, result of no fertilization, result of
fertilization
Period of a zygote: processes that occur, blastocyst
Implantation: amnion, amniotic fluid
Psychology 2314 Exam 1 Review
Mrs. Hutchinson
Miscarriage during period of zygote: what happens and why
Placenta and umbilical cord
Period of embryo: main processes that occur
Period of a fetus: main processes that occur
Venix and Lanugo
Age of viability
Full Term vs. Complete Gestational Age for a human
Teratogens: definition
What does teratogen harm depend on?
types: prescription drugs, illegal drugs, tobacco, alcohol, radiation, infectious diseases
Maternal nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy: What are side effects of malnutrition?
What is average healthy weight gain?