ASSIGNMENT # 03
SUBMITTED TO
ASIF IQBAL
SUBMITTED BY
TAQDEES TAHIR
ROLL NO
BB-852
COURSE
MANAGEMENT INFORMATON SYSTEM
QUESTION 1
List and briefly describe the major types of systems in
organizations.
The major types are;
1. Transaction processing systems: perform and record the daily
routine transactions necessary to conduct the business. TPS
perform the major lower level work such as order entry, sales
management, scheduling, accounting systems.
2. Office automation systems: designed to increase the
productivity of data workers in the office. OAS support word
processing, document management and storage, electronic
meeting and planning (calendars).
3. Knowledge work systems: aid the creation and integration of
new knowledge in the organization. KWS support design and
analysis such CAD or data analysis.
4. Decision support systems: combine data and sophisticated
analytical models or data analysis tools to support non-routine
decision-making. Such as cost analysis systems, pricing analysis
5. Management information systems: serve the functions of
planning, controlling, and decision making by providing routine
summary and exception reports. Such sales and marketing
management systems, inventory control, capital budgeting.
6. Executive support systems: address non-routine decisionmaking through advanced graphics and communications. Such as
five-year sales trend, profit planning, strategic planning.
Question 2
What are the characteristics of MIS? How does MIS
differ from TPS? How does MIS differ from DSS?
Characteristics of MIS
MIS supports the management level by providing routine summary
reports and exception reports for various purposes including
planning, controlling, and decision-making. Examples include: sales
and profit per customer and per region; inventory control; capital
investment analysis.
MIS differs from TPS in that MIS deals with summarized and
compressed data from the TPS and sometimes analysis of that
summarized data.
Decision support systems provide material for analysis for the
solution of semi-structured problems; DSS uses the data from MIS,
but is more a "right now" analysis than the long-term structured
analysis of MIS.
Question 3
List and describe the information systems serving
each of the major functional areas of a business?
Systems Serving Functional Areas
Sales and marketing information systems are systems that help
the firm identify customers for the organization's products and
services. Such systems help to identify customer preferences,
potential customers, sell the products or services, and provide
support to salespeople and customers. Specific systems include
order processing, market analysis, pricing analysis, and sales trend
forecasting.
Manufacturing and production information systems are systems
that provide information for planning, product development,
production or service scheduling, and controlling the flow of
products and services. Specific systems might include machine
control, production planning and facilities location.
Finance and accounting information systems keep track of an
organization's financial assets and fund flows. Systems include
accounts receivable, portfolio analysis, budgeting, and profit
planning.
Human resources information systems maintain employee
records, track employee skills, job performance, training, employee
compensation including pensions and benefits, legal and regulatory
requirements, and career development. Systems include training
and development, compensation analysis, and human resources
planning.
Question 4
Describe the relationship between TPS, OAS, KWS,
MIS, DSS and ESS?
The relationship between these systems is interrelated. TPS are
major producers of information that is required by the other
systems, which in turn, produce information for other systems. As
the office systems provide reports or presentations on the
information or data in transaction processing systems, decisionsupport and executive support systems often use office systems in
presenting information extracted from transaction processing
systems and MIS. MIS depends on the data in transaction
processing systems. Some systems, including KWS, DSS, and ESS
also sometimes use external information such as stock market
information and design information from suppliers.
Question 5
What is a business process? Give two examples of processes
for functional areas of the business and one example of a
cross-functional process?
Business Process
Business processes are the ways in which organizations coordinate
and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce
their valuable products or services. There are two views-the
technical-rational and the behavioral. The technical-rational focuses
on activities, and views business processes as concrete flows of
material, information, and knowledge. The behavioral model
focuses on core competencies, management, and leadership, and
focuses on the organization's ways of coordinating work,
information, and knowledge.
Examples of functional areas and business processes follow:
Manufacturing and production: product assembling; quality
checking; producing bills of materials.
Sales and marketing: identifying customers;
customers aware of the product; selling the product.
making
Finance and accounting: paying creditors; creating financial
statements; managing cash accounts.
Human resources: hiring employees; evaluating job
performance of employees; enrolling employees in benefits
plans.
Cross function business processes are also prevalent in many
organizations. For an example the order fulfillment process, which
involves activities performed by sales, manufacturing and
accounting functions.
Question 6
Why are organizations trying to integrate their business
processes? What are the four key enterprise applications for
organization-wide process integration?
Today organizations/firms are finding that they can become more
flexible and productive by coordinating their business processes
more closely and in some cases integrating these so they focus
more on efficient management of resources and customer services.
Enterprise applications are designed to support organization-wide
process coordination and integration. Enterprise system creates an
integrated organization-wide platform to coordinate key internal
process of organization/firm.
Enterprise Applications
a. Customer relationship management systems
b. Supply chain management systems
c. Collaborative commerce and industrial networks
d. Enterprise systems
Customer Relationship Management
Customer relationship management (CRM) is a business and
technology discipline to coordinate all of the business processes for
dealing with existing and potential customers.
Supply Chain Management
Briefly, supply chain management is the close linkage of activities
involved in the processes of buying, making and moving a product.
Supply chain management is so important to a business because
through its efficiency it can coordinate, schedule, and control the
delivery of products and services to customers.
Collaborative commerce
Collaborative commerce uses digital technologies to enable the
members of the supply chain to collaboratively design, develop,
build, and manage products through their lifecycles. It helps the
various partners to integrate their systems with each other.
Enterprise Systems
Enterprise systems integrate the key business processes of an
organization into a single software system. Data from various
functional areas are maintained centrally where they can be
accessed and used by other functions and cross-functional
processes. This changes the workflow of an organization. Now
information can flow throughout the organization, improving
coordination, efficiency, and decision-making.