JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HISTORY
Jakub Basista, PhD
Polish pre-20th Century History
(Meeting 3)
Piast Poland – political developments. The Hungarian Connection
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The birth and early years of the Polish state.
Period of Fragmentation.
Reconstruction of Polish state borders.
Poland in Europe – relations with the Teutonic Knights, and Poland’s neighbors.
Times of Kazimierz the Great and Hungarian Succession
Louis of Hungary on the Polish throne. Jadwiga and the Lithuanian connection.
PIAST DYNASTY
- beginning →1370
Mieszko I
~960-992
966 baptism of Poland
968 bishop Jordan arrives in Poland (mission in Poznań)
972 Mieszko I’s victory against Hodon, German prince
984 bishop Jordan dies; Unger from Turingen takes his place
987-989 Mieszko I incorporates south territories with Kraków
990 Mieszko I incorporates Silesia
Bolesław Chrobry K (letter K denotes rules, who were crowned)
992-1025
997 death of bishop Adalbert (Wojciech) on a mission in Prussia
999 Adalbert proclaimed saint and patron of Poland; Adalbert’s brother becomes first head
of Polish church in Gniezno
1000 meeting in Gniezno with the German emperor Otto III
establishing of Polish church hierarchy (Gniezno, Krakow, Wrocław, Kołobrzeg)
1002-1018 wars against German princes
1013 campaign against Kiev
1025 Chrobry’s coronation
Mieszko II
K
1025-1034
1031 following Mieszko II’s campaigns to Saxony, a campaign is staged by Germans and
Ruthenians; Mieszko escapes to Czech kingdom, Poland looses all territories annexed
by Chrobry
1031-32 antifeudal and antiChristian reaction in Poland’s territory
Kazimierz Odnowiciel
1034-1058
1038 Czechs’ (Brzetysław I) raid against Gniezno; relics of St. Adalbert are stolen; Kraków
becomes the centre of Poland’s political life
1039 Kazimierz returns and starts reconstruction of state
1044 Benedictine cloister founded in Tyniec outside Kraków
Bolesław Śmiały
K
1058-1079
1060-63 Bolesław interferes in Hungary
1068 Bolesław interferes in Kiev
1070 conflict with Czechs
1076 coronation
1079 conflict with bishop Stanisław ends with the assassination of the bishop and king
fleeing from Poland
Władysław Herman
1079-1102
1085 Czech prince Wratysław II announced king of Poland by the Emperor (according to
the Czech tradition)
Bolesław Krzywousty
1102-1138
1106 Bolesław’s conflict with his brother Zygmunt
1111 or 1112 after long conflict Zygmunt returns to Poland, where he is blinded and dies
1113-16 first Polish chronicle of Anonymous Gall (Gal Anonim)
1116 Gdańsk incorporated into Poland
1119 west Pomerania incorporated
1124 changes and enlarging of church organisation in Poland (this reform will last till 17th
c.)
1138 Act of Succession →beginning of the feudal fragmentation of Poland
Władysław Wygnaniec
1138-1146
1146 – Władysław remains in a constant conflict with his stepbrothers; Church hierarchy
backs the younger brothers excommunicating Władysław, who flees and the oldest of the
younger brothers gains the throne in Kraków
Bolesław Kędzierzawy
1146-1173
1163 – Władysław’s sons are invited back to Poland after their father’s death and get his
heritage
Mieszko III Stary
1173-1177
Kazimierz Sprawiedliwy
1177-1194
1180 Congress of Łęczyca – concessions of the duke in favour of the church
1181 western Pomerania falls out of Poland’s reach
1195 Poland in fact divides into three independent patrimonia Little Poland, Great Poland,
Śląsk
Mieszko III Stary
1198-1202
Leszek Biały
1202-1227
1222 Dominicans arrive in Kraków
1226 Konrad Mazowiecki invites the Holy Order of Our Lady of the German House to
christianise Prussia
Henryk Brodaty
1232-1238
1137 Franciscans arrive in Kraków
Henryk Pobożny
1238-1241
1241 Mongol invasion; Henryk killed in battle of Legnica
Konrad Mazowiecki
1241-1243
Bolesław Wstydliwy
1243-1279
1243 Konrad Mazowiecki expelled from Kraków
1257 location of Kraków
1259/60 second Mongol invasion
1264 Bolesław the Pious of Kalisz issues a privilege for Jews
Leszek Czarny
1279-1287
Henryk IV Probus
1288-1290
1291 Wacław II of Bohemia conquers Little Poland with Kraków
Przemysł II
K
1295-1296
Wacław II of Bohemia
K
1300-1305
Wacław III of Bohemia
K
1306
1308-1309 Teutonic Knights capture Gdańsk and eastern Pomerania
1314 Władysław Łokietek conquers Great Poland
Władysław Łokietek K
1320-1333
1331 battle of Płowce against Teutonic Knights
Kazimierz Wielki K
1333-1370
1335 Congress of Vysehrad (Emperor John of Luxemburg resigns from Polish crown)
1340-1349 Poland occupies Vladimir and Halicz Ruthenia
1355 statutes of Buda (question of taxes and Louis’ heritage of Polish throne)
1357 legal statutes for Great and Little Poland
1364 founding of the university
1364 monarchs’ meeting in Kraków (Emperor Charles IV, Louis of Hungary, Peter – king
of Cyprus, other princes and Kazimierz)
Louis of Anjou
K
1370-1382
1370 coronation / rule in Poland is conducted by Louis’s mother, Elżbieta (Kazimierz
Wielki’s sister)
1374 statute of Kosice – transfer of rights to the Polish crown to Louis’s daughters
1382 Louis dies / Polish lords refuse to accept the regency of Zygmunt of Luxemburg,
Louis’s son-in-law
1383 Louis’s widow, Elizabeth of Bosnia desigates her daughter Jadwiga to the Polish
throne
Jadwiga
Q
1384-1399
1384 Jadwiga arrives in Poland and is crowned
1385 Polish-Lithuanian union in Kreva (Jogaila is to marry Jadwiga, accept Catholicism and
incorporate Lithuania to the Polish state) – controversies remain even today, what was the real
meaning of the union
1386 baptism of Jogaila, coronation and marriage
Władysław Jagiełło K
1386-1434
1386 Kraków privilege (he promises to nominate officials only after consulting with local
lords; no high taxes; payment for wars outside the country; ransom for war prisoners by the
crown) – confirmed after coronation in Korczyn
1390 war between Lithuania and Teutonic state
1398 Lithuanian alliance with Teutonic state in return for parts of Samigitia; Lithuanians
proclaim Grand Duke Witold their king
1399 death of Jadwiga and her daughter
1399 Lithuanian defeat by Tartars
1400 reform of the university
1401 Polish-Lithuanian union of Wilno and Radom
1409 anti-Teutonic rebellion in Samigitia
1410 war against Teutonic State end with a victory at Grunwald (15 July)
further campaign brings small successes, but Polish-Lithuanian troops fail to capture
Malbork (capital castle)
1411 Peace of Toruń with the Teutonic Order
1413 Polish-Lithuanian union of Horodło
1416 Polish delegation to the Council of Constance defends Polish wars against the
Teutonic order (Paweł Włodkowic and the notion of just war)
1420 Hussites offer Czech crown to Jagiełło
1422 war against the Teutonic order / nobles’s leve en masse demands privileges – privilege
of Czerwińsk (noble’s property immunity – no noble may have his goods confiscated without
a proper court sentence)
1423 Warka statutes – enable the nobility to remove a sołtys (land hereditary until now
office of a head of a community/village) in specified cases
1424 royal decree against Hussites and practically closing of Polish-Czech border
1425 Statute of Brześć – in return for accepting Jagiellonian legacy on the Polish throne
nobles demand personal immunity – the statute is not accepted by the monarch (nobles cut it
up with their swords)
1430/33 Jedlnia-Krakow privilege (acceptance of royal heritage in return for Brześc deamnds)
– confirmed in Kraków in 1433.
1434 Jagiełło dies