U.S. History Ch. 7, 8 & 9 Study Guide
 The National Road did not mark the start of a federal campaign to improve transportation

Most
Irish immigrants arrived in America with no money and few marketable skills
 Abolitionists argued that enslaved African Americans should be freed immediately, without
compensation to former slaveholders
 Supporters of James K. Polk cried “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” which meant they wanted all of Oregon to
the 54 40’ north latitude line
 The limited liability provision of incorporation laws means that a person who bought stock in a
corporation would not be responsible for the company’s debts if it went bankrupt
 Some African Americans had earned their freedom fighting in the American Revolution
 Andrew Jackson was hard working, intelligent, and not highly educated
 By the time the Civil War began, more Americans lived west of the Appalachians than lived in states
along the Atlantic coast
 Cities grew in the US during industrialization because- the high wages of factory jobs drew people from
farms and villages
 The steamboat was an improvement over barges because it could travel upstream
 Boston Manufacturing Company, a huge textile mill, employed mostly women and children because
they would work for lower wages than men
 In the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the US
 Roads did not offer a faster, more efficient, and cheaper way to move good than did rivers
 Supreme Court rulings in three important cases between 1816 and 1824 shaped the future of the
American government by establishing dominance of the nation over the states
 In the peace treaty that ended the war between Mexico and the United States, Mexico accepted The
Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas
 According to an accepted amendment to the Missouri Compromise, slavery could expand into the
Arkansas territory, but not to the rest of the Louisiana Purchase
 A cotton gin removes the cotton seeds
 John Quincy Adams won the presidency in 1824 because he won the election in the House of
Representatives.
 In the case Worchester v. Georgia, the Supreme Court ruled that state officials must honor Cherokee
property rights
 In the case of Commonwealth v. Hunt, the Supreme Court ruled that union strikes were legal
 The solution that emerged in the Missouri Compromise was to admit Missouri as a slave state and
Maine as a free state
 The Erie Canal transportation project from Albany to Buffalo was completed in 1825
 Most German immigrants arriving between 1815 and 1860 settled in the Midwest
 The new revivalism of the early 1800’s rejected the traditional Calvinist idea that only a few were
predestined for salvation
 Large numbers of Irish immigrants began leaving their homeland in 1845 because they were fleeing
famine in Ireland
U.S. History Ch. 7, 8 & 9 Study Guide
 Many emigrants headed for California and Oregon because the assumed that the Great Plains
contained poor land for farming
 The first step in gradualism approach to ending slavery was to stop new slaves from being brought into
the country
 During the reform movement of the mid-1800’s, the phrase “take the pledge” meant giving up liquor
 Several states in the North passed “personal liberty laws” that restricted slave recapture
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton shocked others in the women’s movement by proposing that they focus on
gaining the right to vote
 Normal schools were established in the early 1800’s to train teachers
 Underlying the prison reform movement was a belief in rehabilitating prisoners rather than just locking
them up
 In the North, citizens held a wide range of views regarding the abolitionist movement
 The Second Bank of the United States played an important role in keeping the money supply stable
 In the 1800’s, Irish and German immigrants stirred feelings of nativism among Americans because the
immigrants were mostly Catholic
 The Donner Party tried to survive by resorting to cannibalism
 The people who formed utopian communities believed that society corrupted humans
 Mountain men played a vital role in western settlement because they carved out several east-to-west
passages the wagon trails followed
 Manifest Destiny was the idea that God had given the continent to Americans, and wanted them to
settle western land
 Under the National Colonization Act, Mexico gave 26 empresarios large grants of Texas in exchange for
a promise to fill the land with a number of settlers
 The Preemption Act of 1830 allowed squatters t buy land from the government for a minimum price
 After winning independence from Mexico, most Texans voted for annexation
 Seeking religious freedom, the Mormons traveled west, settling in what is now Utah
 Parts of Oregon had been claimed by- Great Britain
 Frequent attacks by Native Americans warriors was not the main danger to the wagon trains
 The Texans lost against the Mexican army at the Alamo
 The first pioneers became known as squatters because they- settled on land they did not own
 The Mexican government imprisoned Stephen Austin for treason
 Mexico invited Americans and other foreigners to settle in Texas because Mexico could not persuade
its own citizens to move closer to Native Americans
 In the 1844 Presidential race, former President Martin Van Buren lost his party’s nomination because
he did not take a stand on annexation