Name
Date
REVIEW
CALIFORNIA CONTENT
STANDARD 11.4.4
Presidential Diplomacy
Specific Objective: Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy, William Taft’s
Dollar Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy, using relevant speeches.
Read the summary to answer the questions on the next page.
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company
Big Stick Diplomacy
• Theodore Roosevelt said the United States would “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”
He meant that the United States would use its influence and the threat of war to
enforce the Monroe Doctrine or meet other foreign policy needs.
• Roosevelt was afraid that if Latin American countries couldn’t repay their loans
from European banks, European countries would gain power in Latin America.
• He added the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904 to strengthen the Monroe Doctrine.
He said the United States could act as an “international police power” in Latin
America. He meant that the United States was willing to use its military power to
protect business interests.
• The United States intervened often in Latin America. For example, U.S. banks
paid off European loans in Santo Domingo and then controlled the country’s
finances.
Dollar Diplomacy
• Taft succeeded Roosevelt and used military power to defeat a revolt in Nicaragua.
• Taft used “dollar diplomacy” around the world. Taft preferred “substituting dollars for bullets.” He thought the United States should increase investment in other
countries to maintain and increase its power. The government backed loans made
by U.S. businesses to foreign countries.
• Dollar diplomacy in Latin America increased U.S. control in many Latin American
countries. Taft also used troops to enforce control.
Moral Diplomacy
• Woodrow Wilson suggested using “moral diplomacy.” The United States would
only support Latin American governments that were democratic and supported
U.S. interests.
• The United States intervened in Nicaragua and Santo Domingo to continue to
protect business interests.
• In Mexico, Wilson refused to recognize a general who had seized power illegally.
• In the end, Wilson sent troops to Mexico after changes in the government and
attacks on U.S. citizens and interests. After a constitutional government was established, U.S. troops were withdrawn.
• Moral diplomacy was not effective in creating a government in Mexico that ruled
according to the principles favored by the United States.
CSS Specific Objective: 11.4.4: Review 61
Name
Date
U S InPRACTICE
te re s ts in th e C a rib b e a n
a s a n _ 0 5 1 8 tt_
0 1 _ e CONTENT
CALIFORNIA
S e c .3 11.4.4
U n it 5 C h .1 8STANDARD
w :3 9 p 9 h :2 3 p
F in a l p ro o f 1 /4 /0 2
Presidential Diplomacy
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.
The United States in the Caribbean
UNITED STATES
U.S. and possessions
Occupied by or protectorate of the U.S.
Gulf of Mexico
BAHAMA
ISLANDS
N
Havana
S
MEXICO
Guantánamo
U.S. Naval Base
CUBA
Veracruz
Occupied, 1914
JAMAICA
HAITI
BELIZE
Protectorate 1915-1936
Occupied 1915-1934
HONDURAS
PA C I F I C
OCEAN
0
250
0
1
250
GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR
PANAMA
CANAL ZONE
PUERTO RICO
Annexed 1898
CARIBBEAN SEA
Leased from
Panama 1903
NICARAGUA
Occupied 1912-1925
1926-1933
COSTA
RICA
500 miles
500 kilometers
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Protectorate 1905-1941
Occupied 1916-1924
Protectorate 1898-1934
Occupied 1898-1902,
1906-1909, 1912,
1917, 1922
VENEZUELA
PANAMA
COLOMBIA
Protectorate 1903-1939
How does the map reflect American
foreign policy in the Caribbean?
2
Which theme was common to the
diplomatic policies of presidents
Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson?
A
The United States took a hands-off
policy toward the Caribbean.
A
B
The United States wanted European
countries to get involved in the
Caribbean.
They protected U.S. business
interests.
B
They only supported countries with
democratic governments.
C
The United States controlled several
countries in the Caribbean.
C
They would not use U.S. troops.
D
They refused to back foreign loans.
D
The United States was only involved
with Caribbean countries as a trading
partner.
62 CSS Specific Objective: 11.4.4: Practice
3
President Wilson’s moral diplomacy
was tested by conflicts in
A
Brazil.
B
Colombia.
C
Mexico.
D
Panama.
Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company
E
W
AT LANTIC
OCEAN
US History Name: ____________________________ Block: _________ Measurement Topic 3: The USA becomes a World Power Level 3 Learning target #3: Explain Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy, William Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy and Woodrow Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy Directions: Read the handout, and power point notes to answer the following questions in complete sentences to receive full credit. 1. What was the main goal of Roosevelt’s big stick diplomacy? 2. What was Roosevelt’s Corollary? 3. Whose debt did the USA pay off? How did the USA collect the money to pay off the debt? 4. Do you think Roosevelt’s big stick diplomacy was a good policy? Why or why not 5. What was the main goal of Taft’s dollar diplomacy? 6. Why should the USA invest money in other countries, according to Taft? 7. Do you think Dollar Diplomacy was a good policy (plan)? Why or why not? 8. What was the main goal of Wilson’s moral diplomacy? 9. Why did Wilson intervene in the Mexican revolution? Write an essay were you compare and contrast the three policies (Theodore Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy, William Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy and Woodrow Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy)