Vad
är intersektionalitet?
Fördelar
och nackdelar med intersektionalitet?
DIF= differantial item functioning
 Exempel; HÖGSKOLEPROVET
 Uppkommer skillnaden på grund av att det finns en skillnad
mellan män och kvinnor eller uppkommer den av testets
utformning?
 Vård, hemkunskap eller biologi tenderar att favorisera kvinnor
 Naturvetenskap (excl. biologi), historia, geografi, politik och
sport tenderar att favorisera män.
 Stress reaction scale
 Items relaterade till ”emotional vulnerability and sensitivity in
situations that involve self-evaluation” var lättare för kvinnor att
hålla med om.
 Items relaterade till ”the general experience of nervous tensions,
unexplainable moodiness, irritation, frustration and being onedge” var lättare för män att hålla med om.
  Överrepresentationer påverkar skillnaden
 Skillnaderna inom grupperna är större än skillnaden mellan
grupperna

1.
2.
3.

To signify sex differences
Within-sex variability
Gender-linked power relations
FÖRENLIGA INTEGRERA för att förstå genus
International Personality Item Pool (IPIP scales and items administered)
Positive Friendliness (Extraversion
component)
Am the life of the party.
Feel comfortable around people.
Start conversations.
Talk to a lot of different people at parties.
Don’t mind being the centre of attention.
Negative Friendliness (Extraversion
component, reversed)
Don’t talk a lot.
Keep in the background.
Have little to say.
Don’t like to draw attention to myself.
Am quiet around strangers.
Positive Warmth (Agreeableness component)
Am interested in people.
Sympathize with others’ feelings.
Have a soft heart.
Take time out for others.
Feel others’ emotions.
Make people feel at ease.
Negative Warmth (Agreeableness
component, reversed)
Am not really interested in others.
Insult people.
Am not interested in other people’s
problems.
Feel little concern for others.
Positive Emotional Stability (Neuroticism,
reversed)
Am relaxed most of the time.
Seldom feel blue.
Negative Emotional Stability (Neuroticism
component)
Get stressed out easily.
Worry about things.
Am easily disturbed.
Get upset easily.
Change my mood a lot.
Have frequent mood swings.
Get irritated easily.
Often feel blue.
Positive Introversion (Extraversion
component, reversed)
Want to be left alone.
Prefer to do things by myself.
Enjoy spending time by myself.
Seek quiet.
Don’t mind eating alone.
Enjoy silence.
Enjoy my privacy.
Negative Introversion (Extraversion
component)
Enjoy being part of a group.
Enjoy teamwork.
Can’t do without the company of others.
Extraversion
Agreeablene
ss
Neuroticism
MF-Occ
Extraversion
-
.26*
−.18*
−.13*
Agreeablene
ss
.20
-
−.03*
−.25*
Neuroticism
.10
.12
-
-.11*
MF-Occ
-.19
-.02
-.48*
-
* p < .001
Förväntningar från föräldrar/ lärare/ kompisar/ kollegor
Dagis
 Skola
 Yrkesliv

Studerar genus i termer av
”gendered meanings” som är
ihopkopplade med sociala
fenomen
 Könsrelaterade personlighetsdrag.
 Big Five är könsrelaterat enligt
Stewart.
 Social beteenden som är
könsrelaterade
 En minoritets prestation beror på
vilket kön minoriteten är av

Catherine MacKinnon:
“On the first day that matters, dominance was achieved, probably
by force. By the second day, division along the same lines had to
be relatively firmly in place.
On the third day, differences were demarcated, together with social
systems to exaggerate them in perception and in fact, because the
systematically differential delivery of benefits and deprivations
required making no mistake about who was who”
“ Gender might not even code as difference were it not for its
consequences for social power”
 gender is critically linked with social status
 gender as a set of power relation in social identity formation.

Apfelbaum:
 Dominant groups create conditions among subordinates both for
obedience or compliance and for the formation of resistant social identities
Aida Hurtado:
 Both gender and racial-ethnic identities are grounded in power relations.
 Her point in these analyses is to show how different relationships to
privilege complicate the experience of subordinationfor members of these
groups.
Fiske:
 Any relationship defined by differential power (like gender), the dominant
group (men in this case) can afford to be oblivious to certain kinds of social
cues, while the subordinate group (women) cannot.
 Vilket innebär att: “subordinates” behöver processa betydligt mer
information när dem interagerar med ”dominanta” individer vilket innebär
att ”subordinates” uppmärksamhet är mer spridd och deras prestationer blir
lägre.

Postmoderna teoretikers idéer om identitet.

Enskilda personers idéer om sig själva.
Att utskilja minoriteter i en minoritet


Generella/tidiga studier vs. studier från ett
Intersektionellt perspektiv.
En studie av Fine & Weis (1998)
Intersektionellt studie
Tidigare studie
kön
kön
ras
ras
klass
klass




Intersektionalitetsbegreppet
Komplexitet - hur många/vilka sociala positioner mäts
samtidigt?
Kön som ett analytiskt verktyg
Utveckling av forskning kring genus inom psykologin