UNIT Y221: DEMOCRACY AND DICTATORSHIPS IN GERMANY 1919-1963
NOTE: BASED ON 2X 50 MINUTE LESSONS PER WEEK
TERMS BASED ON 6 TERM YEAR.
Key Topic
The establishment and
development of the
Weimar Republic: 1919–
Jan 1933
Term Week Number
1
Indicative Content
Extended Content
Resources
Consequences of the
First World War;
•
•
•
•
•
•
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•
the Weimar
Constitution;
•
•
•
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•
•
•
coalition governments;
1
2
•
•
•
•
•
impact of the Treaty of
Versailles;
1
Collapse of Imperial Germany
Social and economic effects of
WW1
October reform and origins of the
Stab in the Back myth
The German revolution
Growing opposition
Ebert’s leadership
Make-up and nature of the new
government
President
Parliament
Bill of rights
Courts
Article 48
Proportional representation
Relationship between the president
and the Reichstag
Significance of the constitution
Aims of Versailles
Terms of Versailles
German reactions
Significance of the treaty
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
Extended Content
•
challenges to Weimar;
Communist revolts,
Kapp Putsch, Munich
Putsch, invasion of the
Ruhr, hyperinflation;
Impact of the Depression
Implications politically
Collapse of governments during
•
•
•
3
•
•
2
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
•
the impact of the Great
Depression, elections
and governments
•
•
2
3
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
•
Dawes and Young
Plans, economic
recovery, foreign loans,
political stability,
improvements to
working and living
conditions;
•
Threats from and nature of the
extreme left
KPD opposition
Sparticist uprising
Threats from and nature of the
extreme right
Events of Kapp putsch and its
consequence
Emergence of the Nazis and the
Munich Putsch (events and
consequences)
Economic situation in Germany
Causes of hyperinflation (including
invasion of the Ruhr)
Consequences of hyperinflation
Role of Stresemann in the
recovery of Germany
Impact of the Dawes plan
Role of foreign policy in providing
security in Germany
Young plan and its impact
Increasing stability and recovery in
politics and economics
Weimar culture
•
•
•
Stresemann and the
‘Golden Years’;
Resources
•
•
•
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
Extended Content
1928–1933;
this period
rise and appeal of
Nazism, role of
propaganda and Hitler;
4
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•
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•
Papen, Schleicher and
‘backstairs intrigue’;
Creation and emergence of the
Nazi party
Organisation of the party
Nazi ideology
Nazi fortunes in the 1920s
Nazi electoral performance in the
early 1930s and reasons for its
growth
Appeal of the Nazis
Political methods of the Nazis
Papen and Schleicher’s failures
and their consequences
Resources
•
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
5
5
Hitler’s appointment as
Chancellor.
3
•
Papen’s attempts to dislodge
Schleicher and convincing
Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as
Chancellor
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
Key Topic
Term Week Number
The establishment of
the Nazi Dictatorship
and its domestic
policies Feb 1933–1939
6
Indicative Content
Extended Content
Hitler’s consolidation of
power, the Reichstag
Fire, March Elections
and Enabling Act,
Gleichschaltung,
creation of the oneparty state, Night of the
Long Knives, army oath
and death of
Hindenburg;
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•
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•
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•
system of government
and administration;
•
•
•
7
•
•
4
Strengths and limits to Hitler’s
power, January to March 1933
March 1933 elections
Reichstag fire and its
consequences
The significance of the Enabling
Act and the establishment of the
dictatorship
Policy of Gleichschaltung (coordination)
Reorganisation of federal
governments
Banning the unions
Banning the other parties
Position of the SA and the power
struggle with the Army
The events and significance of the
Night of the Long Knives
Army oath of allegiance
Death of Hindenburg
Methods used by the Nazis to
govern Germany
Creation of Hitler myth
Central government
Chaos in government – intentional
or not?
Purpose of the party after 1933
Relations between party and state
Resources
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
Extended Content
censorship and
propaganda, machinery
of terror, including
courts, SS, Gestapo;
8
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•
•
•
•
•
treatment of opposition;
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•
Role of the army
•
Leading Nazis and their roles
•
Aims of Nazi propaganda and its
development including use of
technology, the radio and press
Use of violence in the state and the •
different organisations used.
The police state
•
Role and power of the SS,
Gestapo, SD
•
Resistance in Nazi Germany –
types of resistance and treatment
by the regime
Examples of resistance
9
•
•
religious policies;
•
10
11
•
•
economic policies,
5
Resources
Nazi views on religion
Initial conciliation, including
Concordat
Change in relationship between
church and state
Church opposition towards the
Nazis
Nazi economic aims
•
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
•
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
Extended Content
Schacht’s New Plan,
Goering’s Four Year
Plan, public works,
conscription and
autarky;
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•
•
•
•
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•
German Labour Front;
Strength through Joy’;
•
12
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•
policy towards women;
•
•
•
13
6
Condition in Germany in 1933
Schacht’s economic strategy
Implementation, aims, objectives
and successes of the Four Year
Plan
Use of public works
Introduction of conscription
Policies of autarky
Policies towards workers in
industry
o Creation of German
Labour Front
o Working conditions
o Beauty of Labour
o Strength through Joy
Success and failures of policies to
industry workers
Policies towards peasants and
small farmers, including successes
and failures
Policies towards landowners, big
business and the Mittlestand,
including successes and failures
Nazi views on women and family
Nazi policies, including those
aimed at female employment,
marriage and family
Successes and failures of policies
Resources
•
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
Extended Content
Resources
education and policy
towards youth;
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•
•
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•
14
•
racial policies to 1939;
•
•
•
•
15
•
•
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•
benefits of Nazi rule.
Aims of Nazi education
Changes in schooling
Policies aimed at indoctrinating
youth
Successes and failures of policies
towards education and youth
Concept of Volksgemeinschaft and
who was considered outsiders
Nazism and beliefs in antiSemitism
Gradualism in racial policies
Legal discrimination
Use of propaganda and
indoctrination
Use of Terror and violence
Forced emigration
Kristallnacht / Night of Broken
Glass
Who and what benefited under the
Nazis
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
16
7
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Key Topic
Term Week Number
The impact of war and
defeat on Germany:
1939–1949
Indicative Content
The war economy and
Total War;
Extended Content
Resources
•
•
•
•
•
16
•
impact of bombing;
morale and rationing;
•
•
17
war and racial policies,
the Final Solution;
17
18
•
•
•
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•
opposition and
resistance;
8
Expansion of economy
Limits of economic mobilisation
Speers economic policies
Successes and failures of the War
economy
Impact of bombing on the war
effort and on German society
Impact of rationing and food
shortages
Declining morale
Changes in racial policies – from
emigration to extermination
Wansee Conference
Jewish persecution and the Final
solution
Persecution of the Gypsies
Other racial policies
Increasing opposition during the
war, including the July plot, White
Rose, communist and conservative
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
•
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
Extended Content
opposition and Nazi methods in
dealing with resistance and
opposition
•
•
•
•
•
•
consequences of the
Second World War;
Cold War, Potsdam,
division of Germany,
Bizonia and
developments in the
Soviet Zone, currency
and the Berlin
Blockade.
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•
19
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•
Divided Germany: The
Federal Republic and
20
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•
The creation of West
Germany and the DDR;
9
Germany in 1945
Population displacement
Urban destruction
Food and fuel shortages
Economic dislocation
Post War Conferences / Treaties
o Atlantic Charter
o Casablanca
o Teheran
o Yalta
o Potsdam
De-Nazification
Zone creation and differences
between them
Decentralisation
Re-emergence of German political
parties
The Soviet Zone, Walter Ulbricht,
SMAD, creation of SED, economic
and social changes
The Western Zone, problems and
solutions, the Bizone, the Marshall
Plan, currency reform
Berlin Crisis
The creation of two Germanies –
BRD and the DDR
Resources
•
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
•
•
•
Weimar and Nazi Germany,
Hite and Hinton, Hodder
•
The Third Reich, Williamson,
Longman
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Key Topic
Term Week Number
the DDR 1949–1963
Indicative Content
Extended Content
Resources
the Basic Law and
constitution of West
Germany;
•
•
•
The Bonn Republic
Aims and contents of the Basic
Law and the constitution
•
•
the 1949 election;
•
•
•
•
20
Party politics and the elections of
1949.
Adenauer era and the CDU
Adenauer’s aims
Role of the SPD
•
•
•
•
the economic miracle;
•
•
Social market economy
Reasons for recovery of the
economy and ‘miracle’
21
•
•
•
•
21
political and social
stability; elections of
1953, 1957 and 1961;
•
•
10
Social policies, social redress,
integration of the Trade Unions,
the Welfare State, education,
women and social change.
CDU domination and elections of
•
•
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
Extended Content
1953, 1957 and 1961
Resources
•
•
foreign policy,
rapprochement with
France, EEC, rearmament,
NATO, policy towards USA
and USSR, DDR;
22
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Berlin Wall;
•
•
Adenauer’s foreign policy aims
Economic integration
Petersburg Agreement
European Coal and Steel
Community
European Economic Community
Military and Political integration,
NATO,
Relations with the DDR and the
USSR, the ‘Stalin notes’ Hallstein
doctrine, Warsaw Pact.
Reasons why the Berlin Wall was
constructed
Significance of the Berlin Wall
23
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
23
Adenauer’s decline and
the Der Spiegel Crisis of
1962; West Germany in
1963;
•
•
•
•
•
•
11
Adenauer’s fall from power
The presidency fiasco
The TV dispute
1961 election
Der Spiegel affair and
consequences
Declining foreign relations
•
•
•
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
the GDR in 1949;
Extended Content
Resources
•
•
Resignation of Adenauer
West Germany in 1963
•
•
•
Creation of the SED dictatorship
Transformation of the SED and the
party system in the DDR
The Secret police (Stasi)
Military force and its use.
•
•
•
24
•
•
•
uprising 1953;
•
Workers uprising, causes and
consequences and reasons for
failures
•
•
24
•
•
economic change, land
reform, collectivisation,
nationalisation and heavy
industry;
25
•
•
•
•
•
12
Economic legacy of the war in the
DDR
Changes in industry
First five year plan, 1951-1955
Later plans, including a second five
year plan, seven year plan and
New Economic System
Changes in agriculture
•
•
•
•
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder
Key Topic
Term Week Number
Indicative Content
social change,
churches, Trade
Unions, education and
youth.
25
Extended Content
Resources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
13
Welfare reform
Policies for education and youth
Policies towards the Church
Women in the DDR
How far living standards improved
Successes and failures in creating
a fairer society
Opposition in the DDR
•
•
•
Democracy and Dictatorship in
Germany 1919-63, Layton,
Hodder
Germany 1858-1990: Hope,
Terror and Revival, Kitson, OUP
Germany 1848-1991, Murphy,
Morris & Fullbrook, Collins
Germany Divided and Reunited
1945-91, Leonard & Bushnell,
Hodder