Bones and Joints 1
The Skeletal System
• Bone is a 4ssue, a living material made up of cells, and is it full of capillaries. • The skeletal system is made up of bones which are connected to each other by joints. • Almost all bones have at least one joint. Muscles are fibres that have the ability to contract so that we can move our bodies and internal organs. • All these elements make up the musculoskeletal system whose func4on it is to allow us to perform movement.
Egg Shell vs. Bone
Egg shell composi:on
Bone composi:on Mostly made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Collagen Protein Calcium carbonate Calcium phosphate
4 types of bones based on shape Type of bone
Example in body
Main Func4on in body
Long Bones
Femur, humerus. work with muscles to move body parts, storage, support, blood produc4on. Short bones
Tarsals, carpals, clavicle work with muscles to move body parts, storage
Flat bones
Sternum, cranium, scapula
Irregular Bones The vertebrae, mandible, Iliac. Protect organs, blood produc4on
Support, blood produc4on, movement
General Structure of the Human Body
A. 3 Anatomical regions of the body:
Head
Trunk Limbs
λ
λ
λ
15
16
17
18
19
Bone
shape
1. Humerus
long
2.Radius
Long
3.Ulna
Long
4.Femur
Long
5.Fibula
Long
6.Tibia
Long
7.Cranium
Flat
8. Mandible
Irregular
9. Clavicle
Short
10.Scapula
Flat
12. Rib cage
13. Vertebrae
14. Iliac bone (Pelvis)
Long
Irregular
Irregular with flat regions
15.Carpals
Short
16.Phalanges
short
17.Patella
Short
18.Tarsals
Short
19.Phalanges of the foot
short
• How many bones are there in the human skeleton? • How many bones in
a newborn’s skeleton?
•  Why the difference?
• How many bones are there in the human skeleton? 206
• How many bones in
a newborn’s skeleton? 270
•  Why the difference?
During development, your bones fuse
together Give examples of bones that fuse during development. • hcp://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/
em_DisplayAnima4on.aspx?
gcid=000112&p4d=17
Where are your organs in rela4on to your skeletal system? The Skeletal System
Func4on
forms an internal, living framework that
-
provides shape and support protects internal organs moves body forms blood cells stores calcium and phosphorous compounds for later use λ
λ
λ
λ
λ
Joints
• Defini4on:
Any place where two or more bones come together -
Joints • Kept far enough apart by a thin layer of car4lage so that they do not rub against each other as they move When this happens it can cause swelling at the joint and create symptoms of arthri4s. -
• Bones are held in place at joints by a tough band of 4ssue called ligament
Types of Joints
• Fixed
Skull
Pelvis
-
-
• Semi-­‐movable Vertebral column
-
• Moveable
Pivot
Ball & socket
Hinge
Gliding
-
-
-
-
Types of Joints
• Ball and Socket Joint Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone à ex: shoulder joint: scapula to humerus λ
hcp://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML Types of Joints
• Pivot Joint
One bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move à ex: radius and ulna
à ex: neck joint
λ
hcp://www.funhousefilms.com/b-­‐pivot2.jpg Types of Joints
• Hinge Joint
Back-­‐and-­‐forth movement like hinges on a door à ex: elbow joint (humerus into radius)
λ
hcp://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML Type of Joints • Gliding Joint
One part of a bone slides over another bone à ex: carpals into metacarpals
λ
hcp://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML Video-­‐ joints
• hcp://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ecRoUeL5k6E
• hcp://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=sW3-­‐9zM9ohE