2011 (1) (33) _ Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (33) No. (1) 2011
!" #! ! $% & Spongia officinalis Axinella polypoides
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,(2011 / 2 / 21 34 ! 5 .2010 / 8 / 26 ./ 0
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∇
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% . ! " # $ %&
/ 1+-Spongia officinalis) Axinella polypoides $) ())*%) +, -) , ., %/0
%4)5) Staphylococcus aureus $ ) 4 ) )/%,%
*) )/% ) "% 2)Escherichia coli )) 4%7, Klebsiella pneumonia )6% +4, Acinetobacter meningitis
- +, Acinetobacter septicus %4)5, Pseudomonas aeruginosa %8 96)8,
1+- 2). .Candida albicans " :%, 4 * ;%
% 2 <, Proteus vulgaris
K. ) S. aureus ) A. meningitis /% < & ). (Larsen,2005) +, , , .,
/% %&<. Axinella polypoides > , ) .,+ (- ( =+ E.coli )pneumonia
%&< * , Spongia officinalis > , ) .,+ (- ( Acinetobacter meningitis
% ,> , ) .,+ (68) (
) ( Staphylococcus aureus ? /%
( , ) . * @ )% /% 1+- -)+ ) .,+ ) Axinella polypoides > ) ., %/0 2/ : 84%+ (*)) 1 * )/% A %,
%/0 @ ) Staphylococcus aureus BGentamicin ) Azithromycin) Ceftriaxone . %/0 @
@ ) Acinetobacter meningitis /% BAzithromycin)Ciprofloxacin ) Ceftriaxone .
Ciprofloxacin%/0 1+- ., =+ %/0 1+- C% * Klebsiella pneumonia B Azithromycin%/0
Trimethoprim %/0 1+- Axinella polypoides > ) ., %/0 C% 4 , /% B
Ceftriaxone . %/0
@ 2/ * Escherichia coli /% B sulfamethoxazole
... /% B Nalidixic acid ) Ciprofloxacin)
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Spongia officinalis ) Axinella polypoides
Tishreen University Journal for Research and Scientific Studies - Biological Sciences Series Vol. (33) No. (1) 2011
Studying the Antimicrobial Activity of two
Mediterranean Sponges of Latakian Coast:
Axinella polypoides & Spongia officinalis
Dr. Izdihar Ammar *
Dr. Moufid Yassine**
Alma Shabbar***
(Received 26 / 8 / 2010. Accepted 21 / 2 /2011 )
∇
ABSTRACT
∇
The antibacterial and anticandidal activities of sponges collected from Latakian coast were
closely examined. The crude extracts of two sponge species Axinella polypoides and Spongia
officinalis were tested against eight isolated nosocomial pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus,
Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter meningitis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter septicus, Proteus
vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the yeast Candida albicans. It’s been found that methanolic
crude extract of Axinella polypoides had antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and
Gram negative bacteria; that is, A. meningitis, S. Aureus, K. pneumonia and E.coli showed high
susceptibility to MeOH crude extract of Axinella polypoides. While Acinetobacter meningitis
showed high susceptibility to methanolic crude extract of Spongia officinalis, Staphylococcus
aureus had partial moderate sensitivity to the same crude extract. Furthermore, the findings of
antibacterial activity of MeOH crude extracts of both studied sponges were compared to the
efficiency of some antibiotics that were tested against the same bacteria at given concentrations. In
result, it was found that MeOH crude extract of Axinella polypoides ,Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin,
Gentamicin were equally efficient against Staphylococcus aureus. While MeOH crude extract of
Axinella polypoides was as efficient as Azithromycin against Klebsiella pneumonia. Ciprofloxacin
was less efficient than the mentioned extract against the same bacteria. MeOH crude extracts of
both of Axinella polypoides and Spongia officinalis were similar in activity to Ceftriaxone,
Ciprofloxacin, Azithromycin against Acinetobacter meningitis .As for E.coli , MeOH crude extract
of Axinella polypoides , Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid were similar in activity while
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole less active than the same extract against E.coli.
Keywords: Axinella polypoides, Spongia officinalis, Antimicrobial activity of marine sponges,
Nosocomial pathogens
*
Assistant prof., Dept of Marine biology at HIMR, Tishreen University, lattakia, Syria.
** Associate professor, Dept of Food Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tishreen University, lattakia,
Syria.
***postgraduate Student in Marine biology at HIMR, Tishreen University, lattakia, Syria.
240
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6 B) ) ) % >O
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%
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(Schmidt,1862)
Spongiidae
Dictyoceratida
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(Linnaeus,1758)
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Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2011 (1) (33) + )) )+ % +
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5
:Findings InterpretationG?
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A :] ) 1+-[9] .,+ ;%
) )/% A )< (Y)) (+) 9" A (++)
) (+++)- / $ )) - •
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15Y11 %
/ $ )) •
15 < %
/ $ )) •
* )/% A %, , " % ) . -) ) ., *) * % %O L %) %) % 2 P) ( 1
. ., =+ / /% B . \0 8) B-lactams -) #/ 2 %)) :(30 µg) Ceftriaxone
Acinetobacter ,Staphylococcus aureus) /% A %, %+ , ) 9
@)
(Escherichia Coli, Meningitis
%, %+ , )
Macrolides )%4+ : (15 µg) Azithromycin
( Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter meningitis , Staphylococcus aureus) /% A %+ , ) Aminoglycoside 8)4+M)! :(10 µg) Gentamicin
Staphylococcus aureus /% A %,
%, %+ , ) Quinolones ))4+ : (30 µg) Nalidixic acid
(E.coli) /% A %+ , ) Fluoroquinolones ))4)%)++ : (5 µg) Ciprofloxacin
( Escherichia Coli, Acinetobacter Meningitis, Klebsiella pneumonia) /% A %,
, ) )+ 1O :(1.25 µg) Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
(E.coli) /% A %, %+
:
! G?
!
245
) -) ! " %
% , ,%-
Spongia officinalis ) Axinella polypoides
B -) 4 )4 ) < 2 ) ) .,+ ) %, % % % # ,1 1"% :),0 +, "% - )8 ) /%
! (" (
=+ ) , ., * :)) 4%+ 64 < 1O
*)% ) .+ ) %4 B * 1+- &* ) /%+ ;)+, L 1+- %/T < 4
.( * , ) . %/0 @ $%/0 % 1O * $)[19]
, 1O 1)5 % = * N ) , .,+ ! "
> < 1O A %, >6 & )) [9]*%M))%4 ) + ;8 Spongia
())*%) 9+, / > @ % %4< * %&< Axinella polypoides
\* 1+- B) 24) > ))*%) %/0 # % % \O %< $) , officinalis
# ) ., $< % %&<) [6;5] +4 1+-< * ) P% * ) K, + 0 + < 4 ,[16] )+, M5 J%, 2)/+ 4
%/0 %) , [20 ;7] + ) ) + 2 >5 - P* * ,)
Axinella
> ) ., %/0 < & ) 4 ) %4 P)5 1+- , .,
) ) )% 5 1+- Spongia officinalis > ) ., 1+-< polypoides
64+ "%- %/4< )* ) 6 ) Axinella polypoides >* ,))*%) 9, =
64 + 6 %+ C )* 24 1+- -8)) : N)/ 2") ( "* P8) & %M) 2+ N)/ -) +4 ) Spongia officinalis> 2), 30 %/4< J- 1+- )) )* / P) < , 10 J- 1+- ) 2)5 5 P) < )/ + =+ Q7 , 64 %/0 2 # ,
/% A %, >6 %& #
A %, C" $) ! (" %( ) N+
# , S. Officinalis ) A.polypoides -) 24 , ) .,+ S.aureus?
> ) ., B 21< / %
) (- ( %L S .aureus /% %&<
., B +12 / %
) (68) (
) ( ) (3) 2) (5) % 24 Axinella polypoides
) . @ %) (3) 2) (4) % 24 Spongia officinalis > )
Y9
@) ;)
.) Ceftriaxone ? %&< * , Gentamicin, Azithromycin ,Ceftriaxone
21 1+-< / %
) 30 µg 84% - S .aureus /% B - * (#/ 2 %))
:),% 5 , )%4 )$) Azithromycin ? (4 < 4
Staphylococcus ? B - * % &< < 8)4+M)< )$) Gentamicin ? =4) $ )
(3) 2) (11) % 24 /+ 19 ) 2)! 21 1+-< / %
) (15 µg)84% - aureus
^ (- ( %L /% $) Acinetobacter meningitis /% %&<
., 24
* , (7,6)+4 (4) 2) 21< / %
Spongia officinalis) Axinella polypoides? )
<,(30 µg) 84% - 20 / %
/% =+ B - *
246
Ceftriaxone ? %&<
Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2011 (1) (33) + )) )+ % +
%& =4 (15 µg) 84% - 20 / %
/% =+ B - * %&< * Azithromycin?
(4) 5)(12) % 24 5µg 84% - 19 / %
/% B$ B - * Ciprofloxacin?
.,+ 20 / %
) (- ( %L /% $) Klebsiella pneumonia /% <
(5)2)Spongia officinalis ? ) ., B A 4) Axinella polypoides? )
=+ B - * 2)5 %&< * Ciprofloxacin ? )Azithromycin ? 24 @ %) ,(8)24
%
) (30 µg) 84% - ) * %&< * / < ,20 / %
) (15 µg) 84% - /%
- * Axinella polypoides > ) ., %&< .(13) % 24 (5)2) 15
/
Spongia > ) .,
%& * , 20 / %
) E.coli ? /% B
? /% B - * Ceftriaxone ? %&< ,(9) 24 (6)2) /% =+ B *officinalis
1O ) %
)$) Nalidixic acid? %&< =4 ,(30 µg)84% - 20 / %
E.coli
; Ciprofloxacin ? %&< 4 21 1+-< / %
) (30 µg)84% ?- - ?* ))4
Trimethoprim ? < O ,(5 µg) 84% - 20 / %
- * ))4)%)+ 1O * ,(14) 24 (6)2) (1.25µg)84% - 15 / %
) * < sulfamethoxazole
) Proteus vulgaris) Acinetobacter septicus) Pseudomonas aeruginosa /% %& Spongia ?) Axinella polypoides? 24 ) .,+ ( Candida albicans? %
* =4
* %?&< * ,Spongia officinalis > < 2 ., < ,(7) 2) officinalis
P)5 * ,(10) 24 (8) 2) 14 / %
S .aureus ?/% B 68) )
Axinella polypoides >! < 2 ., < 4 ,., =+ ( 4 ) )/%
)4 ., %/T %5 =4 ,(8)2) %
) )/% @ 1+- %/0 ;< 2) )% 4 ) )/% P)5 ;< 1+- Spongia officinalis?) Axinella polypoides
.(9)%
8 !
=%8 S.aureusK I J 8 G?
! (3)5
= L D !
S.officinalis A.polypoides 5*
Gentamicin
(15 µg)
Azithromycin
(15 µg)
Ceftriaxone
(30 µg)
19
+++
>21
+++
>21
+++
Spongia
officinalis
20 ul)(
12
++
Axinella
polypoides
(20 ul)
>21
+++
Staphylococcus
aureus
8 !
=%8Acinetobacter meningitis I J 8 G?
! (4)5
Azithromycin(
15µg)
20
+++
= L D !
S.officinalis A.polypoides 5*
Spongia
Axinella
Ciprofloxacin( Ceftriaxone
officinalis
polypoides
5µg)
(30µg)
(20 ul)
(20 ul)
19
20
>21
>21
+++
+++
+++
+++
8 !
=%8Klebsiella pneumonia I J 8 G?
! (5)5
= L D !
S.officinalis A.polypoides 5*
247
Acinetobacter
meningitis
) -) ! " %
% , ,%-
Spongia officinalis ) Axinella polypoides
Azithromycin
(15µg)
Ciprofloxacin
(5µg)
Spongia officinalis
(20 ul)
20
+++
15
++
_
Axinella
polypoides
(20 ul)
20
+++
Klebsiella
pneumonia
8 !
=%8E.coli K I J 8 G?
! (6)5
Trimethoprim+
sulfamethoxazol
e
(1.25µg)
15
++
= L D !
S.officinalis A.polypoides 5*
Nalidixic Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone
Spongia
Axinella
acid
(5µg)
(30µg)
officinalis
polypoides
(30µg)
(20 ul)
(20 ul)
>21
+++
20
+++
21
+++
20
+++
-
E.coli
8 !
=%8 !
* I L J 8H G?
!(7)5
S.officinalis A.polypoides 5*
Proteus
vulgaris
_
Acinetobacter
septicus
_
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
_
Candida
albicans
_
_
_
_
_
Axinella polypoides
(20 ul)
Spongia officinalis
(20 ul)
S.officinalis A.polypoides 5* 8 - 5H =%8 !
* I .!F J 8 G?
! (8)5
K.pneumonia
S.aureus
C. albicans
P.vulgaris
A.septicus
P.aeruginosa
A.meningitis
E.coli
-
14
++
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
S. officinalis
(20 ul)
A.polypoides
(20 ul)
S.officinalis A.polypoides 5* 8 !
*< =%8 !
* I .!F J 8 G?
! (9)5
K.pneumonia
S.aureus
C. albicans
P.vulgaris
A.septicus
P.aeruginosa
A.meningitis
E.coli
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
248
S. officinalis
(20 ul)
A.polypoides
(20 ul)
Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2011 (1) (33) + )) )+ % +
S.aureus I M J( 5)5*
S.aureus I 3?( J(4) 5*
AxpK 8 !
=%8
S.o 8 !
=%8
A. meningitis I M J (7)5*
A. meningitis I M J (6) 5*
S.oK 8 !
=%8
AxpK 8 !
=%8
E.coliI M J (9 )5*
K.pneumonia I M J ((8)5*
AxpK 8 !
=%8
AxpK 8 !
=%8
S.aureus I 3?( J :(10) 5*
SoK 8 - 5H =%8
Axp :Axinella polypoides So: Spongia officinalis
249
) -) ! " %
% , ,%-
Spongia officinalis ) Axinella polypoides
:
3' = 6F S.aureus K J <N (11) 5*
AzithromycinKCeftriaxone K Gentamicin K
Ciprofloxacin K 3' = 6F Acinetobacter meningitis K J <N (12) 5*
AzithromycinK Ceftriaxone K
: = 6F Klebsiella pneumonia K J <N (13) 5*
Azithromycin ,CiprofloxacinK 3' = 6F E.coli K J <N (14) 5*
Nalidixic acidK KCiprofloxacin K CeftriaxoneK Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole K
250
Tishreen University Journal. Bio. Sciences Series 2011 (1) (33) + )) )+ % +
:
= !H
24 %/0 .,+ ) ! " < 2, >
P)+ ) .,* +4 1+-< * ) P% d B) N)+<) >
%4< * 24 1+- & -8)) \)/ ) 6 B) 8 ; Axinella polypoides
%M \)/) +4 B) 8 ;, Spongia officinalis P)+ ) ., @)< 9
Axinella polypoides P)+ , ) ., 0 4 ,&
% & ) .%L +) /% B Spongia officinalis P) ) .,
Axinella polypoides
, ) .,+ ! " + %
, Ciprofloxacin,Gentamicin , Azithromycin,Ceftriaxone). @ Spongia officinalis)
µg ,30 µg)) 1+- $) : 84% ) ( Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, Nalidixic acid
Axinella > ) ., (20µl) %/0 @ ( 1.25 µg, 30 µg, 5 µg, µg 10,15
. %/0
@
Axinella polypoides > ) ., %/0 2/ polypoides
. %/0 @ ) Staphylococcus aureus B Gentamicin ) Azithromycin) Ceftriaxone
@ ) Acinetobacter meningitis /% B Azithromycin) Ciprofloxacin ) Ceftriaxone
1+- ., =+ %/0 1+- C% * Klebsiella pneumonia B Azithromycin%/0
Axinella polypoides > ) ., %/0 C% 4 ,/% A B Ciprofloxacin%/0
%/0 @ 2/ * Escherichia coli /% B Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole%/0 1+-
.,+ < , /% B
Nalidixic acid ) Ciprofloxacin) Ceftriaxone .
24 * @ (20µl ) - * * * +/ * Spongia officinalis > , )
Acinetobacter ? /% B Gentamicin ?)
Azithromycin?) Ceftriaxone ? ) .
meningitis
\ :) % 64 %/ 2 * $ )< :)
, O 2.) >6 %
,64 )$ ) , ()
4% =+ ) 28-) ()
% 4% - )T &) %8 ) 1+- N4% 24 1+- 9% 2 @)< % %7 *"7
.) .+ *)% 64 N4% @ %) %/0 $
:DK
1.
2.
3.
4.
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