Q1.
Name two drugs which may harm the human body.
1. ..........................................................................................................................................
2. ..........................................................................................................................................
(Total 2 marks)
Q2.
(a)
We control many conditions inside our bodies.
Name three conditions which are controlled inside our bodies.
1. ................................................................................................................................
2. ................................................................................................................................
3. ................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Hormones are used to control fertility in women.
Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
antibiotic
contraceptive drug
fertility drug
vaccine
A woman can prevent pregnancy by taking a ............................................................
A woman can be helped to become pregnant by taking a ..........................................
(2)
(c)
Some drugs are addictive.
(i)
Name one addictive drug.
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(1)
(ii)
Explain why it is very difficult to give up using an addictive drug.
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Page 1 of 15
Q3.
It is legal in the UK to use certain recreational drugs but illegal to use others.
(a)
Tobacco is a legal drug. Pregnant women are strongly advised not to smoke.
Explain how a fetus may be affected if the mother smokes tobacco.
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(2)
(b)
Illegal drugs are classified as Class A, B or C. Class A drugs are the most dangerous. The
use of Class A drugs attracts the most serious punishments and fines.
•
Cannabis is a Class C drug.
•
These are some facts about cannabis.
•
It is less addictive than amphetamines, tobacco or alcohol.
•
It may cause mental illness.
•
It does not seem to cause major social problems.
•
It may be a ‘gateway’ drug to more harmful substances.
•
It has a higher tar content than tobacco.
•
It has an effect on the heart, similar to the effects of exercise.
•
It can upset the control of blood pressure.
•
Use the above information to answer these questions.
(i)
Give two reasons why many people think that cannabis should be classified as a
Class A or Class B drug.
1. .......................................................................................................................
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2. .......................................................................................................................
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(2)
Page 2 of 15
(ii)
Give two reasons why many people think that cannabis should not be classified as
an illegal drug.
1. .......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q4.
Read the description of an investigation into the link between smoking cannabis and heroin
addiction.
Six ‘teenage’ rats were given a small dose of THC – the active chemical in
cannabis – every three days between the ages of 28 and 49 days. This is the
equivalent of human ages 12 to 18.
The amount of THC given was roughly equivalent to a human smoking one
cannabis ‘joint’ every three days.
A control group of six ‘teenage’ rats did not receive THC.
After 56 days catheters (narrow tubes) were inserted in all twelve of the now
adult rats and they were able to self-administer heroin by pushing a lever.
All the rats began to self-administer heroin frequently. After a while, they
stabilised their daily intake at a certain level.
The ones that had been on THC as ‘teenagers’ stabilised their heroin intake at a
much higher level than the others. They appeared to be less sensitive to the
effects of heroin. This pattern continued throughout their lives.
Reduced sensitivity to the heroin means that the rats take larger doses. This has
been shown to increase the risk of addiction.
Page 3 of 15
Evaluate this investigation with respect to establishing a link between cannabis smoking and
heroin addiction in humans.
Remember to include a conclusion to your evaluation.
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(Total 5 marks)
Q5.
Many people use drugs recreationally.
(a)
(i)
What is meant by the recreational use of drugs?
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Explain why a person might become addicted to a recreational drug.
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................
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(2)
Page 4 of 15
(b)
Some people move on from using one type of recreational substance to using another.
Some recreational substances are legal, but some are illegal.
Illegal drugs are classified as Class A, B or C. Class A drugs are the most dangerous.
The table below shows government statistics linking the use of pairs of recreational
substances.
A ‘+’ in the table shows that there is a strong statistical link between the use of two
substances.
For example, people who use solvents are very likely to have used tobacco before using
solvents. This is shown by a ‘+,’ in the table.
Home Office statistics (Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO
and the Queen’s Printer for Scotland.) Reproduced under the terms of the Click-Use Licence.
(i)
Many people think that using cannabis leads onto using class A drugs.
Does the data in the table support this view?
Draw a ring around your answer. Yes / No
Use data from the table to support your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 5 of 15
(ii)
What is most likely to lead people to use class A drugs?
Use data from the table to support your answer.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q6.
Many people use recreational drugs.
(a)
Give one example of:
(i)
a legal recreational drug
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
an illegal recreational drug.
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Some recreational drugs are addictive.
(i)
Give one example of a recreational drug that is very addictive.
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(1)
(ii)
Explain how the action of a drug makes a person become addicted to it.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
Page 6 of 15
(c)
Some doctors think that smoking cannabis causes depression.
Doctors investigated the cannabis smoking habits of 1500 young adults.
The table shows the percentage of cannabis smokers in the investigation who became
depressed.
How many times the men
or women had smoked
cannabis in the last 12
months
Percentage of men
who became
depressed
Percentage of women
who became
depressed
Less than 5 times
9
16
More than 5 times, but less
than once per week
10
17
1 – 4 times per week
12
31
Every day
15
68
From the data, give two conclusions that can be drawn about the relationship between
cannabis and depression.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q7.
Some athletes use drugs containing the steroid testosterone to improve their performance.
In an investigation:
•
scientists monitored the performance of 18 male athletes over a 6 week training
programme
•
9 athletes were given weekly injections of testosterone with the dose of 3.5 milligrams per
kilogram of body mass, for 6 weeks
•
the other 9 athletes were given a placebo
•
the athletes’ performance on a bench press exercise was measured at 3 weeks and 6
weeks.
Page 7 of 15
The graph shows the results of the investigation.
David Cohen, Steroids boost performance in just weeks,
© New Scientist Magazine 12 August 2004
(a)
The data would have been better presented as a bar chart.
Give a reason why.
........................................................................................................................
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(1)
(b)
Suggest what was given as a placebo in this investigation.
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(1)
(c)
Describe the results of the investigation.
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(2)
Page 8 of 15
(d)
Most internet advertisements for testosterone state that athletes need to use testosterone
for at least 10 weeks to significantly improve performance.
Do the results of this investigation support the statement in the advertisements?
Give one reason for your answer.
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 9 of 15
M1.
e.g. tobacco;
alcohol (allow any drug)
each for 1 mark
[2]
M2.
(a)
•
any three from:
water
allow breathing / oxygen / carbon dioxide
•
ions / minerals / salts
allow sodium / chloride, other ions neutral
•
temperature
allow heat
•
blood sugar
•
heart rate
•
blood pressure
ignore urea
3
(b)
contraceptive drug
1
fertility drug
1
(c)
(i)
eg nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, heroin, painkillers, tranquilisers, LSD
allow cannabis / weed or other alternative names
allow tobacco
ignore smoking / ecstasy
1
(ii)
alters body chemistry or craving / needing / dependence
allow psychological dependence
1
withdrawal symptoms on stopping
allow withdrawal described
allow ‘feel ill without it’
1
[8]
Page 10 of 15
M3.
(a)
any two from:
•
birth mass / growth reduced
•
smoke contains carbon monoxide
ignore references to poison
•
blood carries less oxygen / fetus receives less oxygen
do not accept harder for fetus to breathe
2
(b)
(i)
it may cause mental illness
1
it may be a ’gateway’ drug to more
harmful substances
three answers max 1
three answers max 0
1
(ii)
it is less addictive than amphetamines, tobacco or alcohol
1
it is not associated with major sociological problems
three answers max 1
four answers max 0
1
[6]
M4.
any five from:
maximum 4 marks if no conclusion
pros eg
maximum three pros
•
used ‘teenage rats’ as equivalent to human teenagers
•
THC dose typical of human cannabis smoking habits
•
used control group
•
rats allowed to choose amount of heroin
cons eg
•
sample size small / only used 12 rats
ignore cruelty
•
heroin administration very different from human situation
Page 11 of 15
conclusions
•
rats given THC / cannabis took more heroin
•
(this) is evidence for a link between THC / cannabis and heroin
•
(but) rat behaviour / physiology not necessarily same as human
behaviour / physiology
•
does not prove link in humans
allow results not reliable for humans
[5]
M5.
(a)
(i)
using drugs for pleasure / to make you feel good / to reduce stress
allow not for medical use
1
(ii)
any two from:
•
drug contains addictive chemical / names
•
drugs alter body chemistry
•
cause withdrawal symptoms owtte
ignore craving
•
uses drug frequently
or uses a lot of the drug
or needs more drugs
2
(b)
(i)
(no) only leads to cocaine use
or only leads to 1 class A
allow (yes) leads to cocaine
ignore reference to uptake of class B drugs
1
(ii)
(using) class B drugs / named class B
1
(each / named type B drug) can lead to use of 2 class A drugs /
2 named class A drugs
or
most +s for class A drugs opposite class B drugs
mark the two answers independently
1
[6]
Page 12 of 15
M6.
(a)
(i)
tobacco / nicotine / alcohol
accept solvent / glue / caffeine
ignore cigarettes / coffee
1
(ii)
cannabis / heroin / cocaine
allow eg crack / weed / ecstasy / LSD / amphetamine / speed /
steroids / GHB
1
(b)
(i)
heroin / cocaine / tobacco / nicotine
ignore alcohol / cigarettes / cannabis / caffeine / coffee
1
(ii)
alters body chemistry
ignore withdrawal symptoms / craving
ignore non-chemical effects on nervous system
1
(c)
any two from:
•
increase in cannabis smoking increases (%) depression
•
greater effect in women
allow women become more depressed
•
depression linked with / not directly caused by cannabis
ignore cannabis causes depression
•
not all cannabis smokers get depression
2
[6]
M7.
(a)
because there is insufficient data for line graph
1
(b)
injection with no testosterone
1
(c)
performance of testosterone group improved more
than that of placebo group
1
quantitative figure given eg about 4 times greater
1
Page 13 of 15
(d)
(no)
there was a significant improvement after 6 weeks
allow significant improvement after 3 weeks
1
[5]
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Page 15 of 15