U.S. History II Chapter 15 Section 4 Note Sheet Ideas for Reform (p. 541 – 545) Helping the Needy 1. Thousands of individuals joined groups to improve society by helping the ______________________. 2. The Charity Organization Movement • In 1882, _____________________________________ founded the New York Charity Organization Society. • Members kept _________________________________ in those who received help. • By doing this, COS members could determine how to best serve their clients. • Many COS members wanted immigrants to adopt American, middle class standards of child‐raising, _____________________, and ________________________. 3. The Social Gospel Movement • In the 1880’s and 1890’s, urban _____________________ began to provide services to the poor. • The social gospel movement sought to apply the teachings of __________________ to directly to society. • The movement focused on the ideas of charity and justice, especially in ________________________ reform. 4. The Settlement Movement • Young reformers settled in houses in the midst of a poor neighborhood. • The house became a ___________________________________ from which they offered services. • Giving money to the poor did not help them. By living among them, the young settlers could witness the effects of ________________________ firsthand. • In 1889, _________________________________ and Ellen Gates‐Starr bought the Charles Hull mansion in ________________________. From here they began to offer services to the community. • At Hull House, neighbors could attend cultural events, take ______________________, or display exhibits of crafts from their home countries. • The settlement set up child‐care centers, _______________________, clubs, and summer camps; offices to help people find jobs and deal with legal problems, and __________________________________. • It also launched investigations of city economic, political, and social conditions. • Settlement houses like Hull House sprang up around the country. • By 1910 there were more than______________ settlement houses. • Most were supported by ___________________________ and _____________________________. The Development of Sociology 1. Philosopher __________________________________ coined the term sociology to describe the study of how people interact with one another in a society. 2. Sociology provided a scientific counterpart to the settlement houses’ practical experience. Controlling Immigration and Behavior 1. Many Americans linked the problems of the cities to the new _______________________ 2. Nativism • In the 1880’s, the policy of nativism reappeared due to the rise of immigrants to positions of ______________________ in the cities. • The American Protective Association, a nativist group founded in 1887, targeted immigrants in general as well as the _______________________________. • It called for only the teaching of American ________________________ and the _____________________________________ in schools and demanded tighter rules on citizenship and employment of aliens. • Nativists won a victory in 1885 when Congress repealed the ___________________ _______________________________ • The Immigration restriction League was formed by ________________________ College graduates in 1894 to exclude immigrants considered unfit by requiring them to pass ________________________________. 3. Prohibition • Three groups dominated the temperance movement: the ______________________ _________________, founded in 1869; the Women’s Christian temperance Union, founded in 1874; the Anti‐Saloon League, founded in 1893. • These groups opposed _________________________ on the grounds that it led to personal tragedies. • They supported ________________________________. • By 1890, Maine, ________________, and North Dakota had gone completely “dry”. 4. Purity Crusades • As cities grew, drugs, gambling, and other forms of _______________ became big business. • Many residents fought to rid their communities of unwholesome and illegal activities. • Purity Crusaders led the way. • In 1873, ______________________________ founded the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice. • He won passage of a law prohibiting sending ________________________ materials through the mail. • Other crusaders attacked urban ___________________________________. Vocabulary Settlement House Sociology Nativism Temperance Movement Prohibition Vice Review Questions Complete questions #1‐6 on page 545.