Types of Financial Services
Chapter 5
• Savings.
ƒ Time deposits in savings, CD’s.
• Payment services.
Banking Services:
Savings Plans and
Payment Accounts
ƒ Checking accounts are
called demand deposits.
ƒ Automatic payments.
• Borrowing for the short- or long-term.
• Other financial services.
ƒ Insurance, investment, real estate purchases, tax
assistance, and financial planning are additional
services you may use.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
5-3
Types of Financial Services
A Strategy for Managing Cash
(continued)
• Asset management account.
• Cash, check, credit card or an ATM are the
most common payment choices.
• Common mistakes in managing cash
include…
ƒ Also called a cash management account.
ƒ Offered by brokers and financial institutions.
ƒ Provides a complete financial services
program for a single fee and includes...
ƒ Overspending from impulse buying and using
credit cards.
ƒ Not having enough liquid assets (cash and
checking account) to pay current bills.
ƒ Using savings or borrowing to pay for current
expenses.
ƒ Failing to put unneeded funds in an interestearning savings account or investment plan.
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A minimum balance.
A checking account and an ATM card.
A credit card
Online banking.
Access to a variety of investments.
www.schwab.com or
www.americanexpress.com.
5-4
Changing Interest Rates and Decisions
Related to Financial Services
Electronic Banking Services
• Direct deposit of paychecks and other
regular income.
• Automatic payments transfer funds for
savings or to pay bills. Deduct them from
your register.
• ATM access to obtain cash, check account
balances, and transfer funds - check out
the fees.
• A debit card - takes money out of your
account. Lost card liability $50-$500.
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Opportunity Costs
of Financial Services
The prime rate is what banks charge large
corporations. See www.federalreserve.gov.
Ï When interest rates are rising...
ƒ Use long-term loans to benefit from current low
rates.
ƒ Select short-term savings instruments to take
advantage of higher rates when they mature.
Ð When interest rates are falling...
ƒ Use short-term loans to take advantage of
lower rates when you refinance the loans.
ƒ Select long-term savings instruments to
“lock in” earnings at current high rates.
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Types of Financial Institutions
• Higher rate of return may
• Deposit type institutions
be obtained at the cost
of lower liquidity.
• Convenience of a 24-hour ATM
should be considered against service fees.
• The “no fee” checking account with a $500
non-interest-bearing minimum balance
means lost interest of nearly $400 at 6
percent compounded over 10 years.
ƒ Commercial banks are corporations that offer a full
range of services including checking, savings,
lending and other services.
ƒ Savings and loan associations have checking
accounts, specialized savings plans, loans
including mortgages, and other financial planning
services.
ƒ Mutual savings banks specialize in savings
accounts and mortgage loans. They are owned by
their depositors.
ƒ Credit unions are user-owned, nonprofit and
provide comprehensive financial services.
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5-8
Types of Financial Institutions
Comparing Financial Institutions
(continued)
• Non-deposit type institutions.
ƒ Life insurance companies offer insurance
plus savings and investment features.
Some offer financial planning and
investing services.
ƒ Investment companies offer a money
market fund on which you can write a
limited number of checks.
ƒ Finance companies make short and
medium term loans to consumers, but at
higher rates.
• Basic concerns of a financial services
customer.
ƒ Where can I get the best
return on my savings?
ƒ How can I minimize the
cost of checking and
payment services?
ƒ Will I be able to borrow
money when I need it?
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5-9
Types of Financial Institutions
Choosing a Financial Institution
(continued)
• Non-deposit type institutions
• Consider
ƒ Mortgage companies provide loans to
customers so they can purchase homes.
ƒ Pawnshops make loans on possessions but
charge higher fees than other financial
institutions. Used for quick cash.
ƒ Check-cashing outlets charge 1-20% of the
face value of a check. 2-3% is average.
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Services offered.
Interest rates.
Fees and charges.
Financial advice.
Safety (deposit insurance).
Convenience.
Locations.
Online services.
Special programs.
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Evaluating Savings Plans
Types of Savings Plans
• Rate of return or yield.
• Regular savings accounts.
ƒ Percentage increase in value due to interest.
ƒ Frequent compounding means more interest
earning interest
• Certificates of deposit.
• Require you to leave your money on deposit
for a set time period, otherwise you incur
penalties.
• Inflation - compare your APY with inflation
rate.
ƒ Several types to chose from.
ƒ Consider all the earnings and all the costs.
• Taxes – after-tax rate of return
• Interest earning checking accounts.
• Liquidity – early withdrawal penalties?
• Money market accounts and funds.
ƒ Money market accounts are covered by the FDIC,
but money market funds are not.
• Safety - FDIC and NCUA.
ƒ FDIC insures up to $100,000 per person per
financial institution (see www.fdic.gov).
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Types of Savings Plans
5-15
After Tax Rate of Return
(continued)
• U.S. savings bonds.
ƒ Series EE sold at half of face value, with
potential tax advantages if used to pay tuition
and fees.
ƒ Series HH pays interest every six months.
ƒ I Bonds combine fixed rated and inflation rate.
ƒ See www.savingsbonds.gov for rates.
• (1 - tax rate) x yield on savings
• (1 - .28) x .06
• .72 x .06
• 4.32%
• A person earns 6% on savings, but
has a 28% marginal tax rate. The
after tax rate of return is 4.32%.
• Advantages
ƒ Exempt from state and local income taxes.
ƒ You don’t have to pay federal income tax on
interest until redemption.
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5-16
What is “Truth in Savings?”
Checking Accounts
• Requires Disclosure of...
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• A major portion of business transactions are
conducted by check, making a checking
account a necessity for most people.
• Types of checking accounts include...
Fees on deposit account.
The interest rate.
The annual percentage yield.
Other terms and conditions.
ƒ Regular – many have minimum balances.
ƒ Activity account-fees on checks & deposits.
• Sets formulas for computing the APY.
• Requires disclosure of fees and APY on
customer statements.
• Establishes rules for advertising accounts.
• Restricts method of calculating the balance
on which interest is paid.
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5-19
Checking Accounts
Payment Methods
(continued)
• Types of checking accounts
include…(continued)
• Checks
• Debit Cards
• Online Payments –most credit cards
now offer this service
• Stored-value cards
• Smart Cards
ƒ Interest-earning or NOW accounts which
usually require a minimum balance.
ƒ Share draft accounts are interest earning
checking accounts at credit unions.
• Evaluating checking accounts.
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Restrictions, such as a minimum balance.
Fees, and charges.
Interest rate and computation method.
Special services, such as overdraft protection.
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Other Payment Methods
Types of Endorsements
• Blank – Just sign your name; the check
is now bearer paper
• Restrictive – For deposit only
• Special – Endorse the check to
someone else
• Certified check.
ƒ Personal check with guaranteed payment.
• Cashier’s check.
ƒ Check of a financial institution you get by paying
the face amount plus a fee.
• Money order.
ƒ Purchase at financial institution, post office, store.
• Traveler’s check.
ƒ Sign each check twice.
ƒ Electronic traveler’s checks - prepaid travel card.
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Reconciliation
5-
Online Activity
• Change the bank statement balance to
reflect deposits in transit and
outstanding checks.
• Change the check register balance to
reflect interest, bank fees, direct
deposits, automatic payments, etc.
• Go to www.bankrate.com and explore
money market account rates.
• Also look at rates for one year and five
year CD’s. If you had money to invest
right now, which maturity of CD’s would
you choose?
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