Minerals
1.
Vocabulary Builder
classify – to sort into specific categories according to properties
2. identify - to recognize as one particular thing
3. mineral - a natural, solid substance that has a definite chemical composition and physical structure
4. properties – characteristics
5. streak - the color of powder left behind when a mineral is rubbed on a piece of unglazed tile
6. fluorescence - glow under ultraviolet light
7. crystal – a mineral with atoms arranged in a certain repeating pattern
8. cleavage - breaking along a flat plane
9. Moh’s Hardness Scale - a rating of minerals from 1 to 10 with one being the softest and 10 being the
hardest
Rocks
Vocabulary Builder
10. igneous rock - rock formed from cooled magma
11. magma – melted rock within the earth
12. intrusive rock - rock formed from magma underground
13. lava - magma when it reaches Earth’s surface
14. extrusive rock – rock formed from lava above Earth’s surface
15. sedimentary rock – rock formed when broken bits of deposited rock settle over time and are "glued"
together
16. fossil - the remains of ancient plants and animals
17. metamorphic rock - rock made from igneous or sedimentary rock that has been changed by heat or pressure
18. rock cycle – the process by which rocks change from one to the other
19. topsoil – the top layer of soil that contains bits of rock, air, water, and decayed plant and animal material
20. bedrock - the bottom layer of soil that is mostly rock
Minerals
McGuire 2011-2012