PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
By: Shailendra Kumar
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
by:
SHAILENDRA KR.
Meq. Approach
Classes at: SCIENCE TUTORIALS; Opp. Khuda Baksh Library, Ashok Rajpath, Patna
PIN POINT STUDY CIRCLE; House No. 5A/65, Opp. Mahual Kothi, Alpana Market, Patna
Formula of Binary Compounds
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
Which of the following is the correct formula for a compound of gallium and sulfur?
b)
Ga2S
a)
Ga3S2
d)
Ga2S3
c)
GaS2
e)
Gas
Which of the following is the correct formula for a compound of scandium and nitrogen?
a)
Sc3N2
b)
ScN2
c)
Sc2N3
d)
ScN
e)
Sc2N
Which of the following is the correct formula for a compound of nickel and oxygen?
a)
Ni2O3
b)
NiO2
c)
NiO4
d)
NiO
e)
Ni2O
The formula of a chloride of samarium is SmCl3. What is the formula of the chromate of samarium
with the same oxidation number?
a)
SmCrO 4
b)
Sm(CrO 4)3
c)
Sm3(CrO 4)2
d)
Sm 3CrO 4
e)
Sm3(CrO 4)3
The formula of a hydroxide of zirconium is Zr(OH)4. What is the formula of the sulfate of zirconium
with the same oxidation number?
a)
ZrSO4
b)
Zr2SO4
c)
Zr(SO4)4
d)
Zr2(SO4)3
e)
Zr(SO4)2
The formula of a sulfate of dysprosium is Dy2(SO4)3. What is the formula of the phosphate of
dysprosium with the same oxidation number?
b)
Dy3PO4
a)
Dy(PO4)3
c)
Dy2(PO4)3
d)
Dy3(PO4)2
e)
DyPO4
Elements of Groups IA and VIIA of the periodic table tend to form ions with ___ charges.
a)
–1 and +1
b)
+7 and –7
c)
+1 and –1
d)
+1 and –7
e)
–1 and +7
If the electronegativity difference between elements A and X is 0.8, the bond in AX will most likely
be :
a)
covalent
b)
polar covalent
c)
ionic
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Page No.: 1
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
9.
10.
The valence electrons of representative elements are :
a)
in s orbitals only
b)
located in the lowest occupied shell
c)
located in the highest occupied shell
d)
located closest to the nucleus
e)
located in a orbitals
Consider the following elements and select the one which has the largest number of electrons
shown in an electron dot symbol.
se
11.
Si
Ca
b)
B
c)
Se
d)
P
e)
Ca
Consider the following elements and select the one which has the smallest number of electrons
shown in an electron dot symbol.
Se Si
Sb
Br
a)
Si
b)
Br
c)
Al
d)
Se
e)
Sb
Which of the following is not a correct representation of an electron dot structure?
II
III
IV
V
a)
III
b)
V
c)
I
d)
II
e)
IV
Which of the following is an acceptable Lewis structure for CH3OH?
H
I)
H
H
..
H–C=O–H
..
H
1.
2.
B
Si
I
13.
P
a)
Al
12.
By: Shailendra Kumar
II)
H
..
III)
H–C=O–H
H
H
..
..
IV) H – C = O – H
V) H – C – O – H
H
H
a)
V
b)
I
c)
III
d)
IV
e)
II
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..
H–C–O–H
H
Page No.: 2
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Which of the following is an acceptable Lewis structure for NH2OH?
.. ..
I)
H
.. ..
..
H
. .
V) H – N = O – H
H
H
II
b)
V
c)
III
d)
IV
e)
I
Which of the following is an acceptable Lewis structure for PH2PH2?
.. ..
. .
H
.. ..
H
IV) H – P = P – H
V) H – P = P – H
H
II
c)
III
d)
e)
I
H
V
IV
Which of the following is an acceptable Lewis structure for HNNH?
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
.. ..
H–N=N–H
II) H – N – N – H
IV) H – N = N – H
V) H – N – N – H
. .
H
H
a)
I)
.. ..
.. ..
III) H – N = N – H
a)
II
b)
IV
c)
III
d)
I
e)
V
Which of the following is the correct Lewis structure for COCl2?
..
..
O – C = Cl
..
..
Cl
..
..
..
..
I)
1.
2.
. .
H
H
b)
H
H
III) H – P = P – H
II) H – P – P – H
H–P–P–H
H
17.
. .
IV) H – N – O – H
a)
I)
16.
III) H – N = O – H
H–N–O–H
II)
.. .. ..
Cl
..O – C = ..
Cl
..
..
..
15.
II)
H–N=O–H
..
14.
By: Shailendra Kumar
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Page No.: 3
b)
I
c)
III
d)
IV
e)
V
Which of the following is an acceptable Lewis structure for H2CO?
II)
..
H–C=O
..
..
..
H
H
.. ..
..
H
a)
II
b)
I
c)
III
d)
IV
e)
V
Which of the following species has at least on double bond?
a)
CO 2
b)
N2
c)
CN
d)
C 2H 2
e)
CH 4
–
Which of the following species has a triple bond?
a)
C 2 2–
b)
H 2 CO
c)
C 2H 4
d)
CO 2
e)
NH 3
Diazine, N2H2 has one hydrogen atom bonded to each of the nitrogen atoms which in turn are
bonded to each other. What type of bond exists between the nitrogen atoms?
a)
double
b)
single
c)
triple
Consider the following species. Which contain an odd number of electrons?
BrO 3
1.
2.
..
H – C= O
V) H – C – O
H
22.
III)
H–C=O
..
..
..
H–C–O
IV)
21.
..
..
..
..
II
H
20.
.. .. ..
..O – C – Cl..
Cl
..
a)
I)
19.
V)
..
18.
.. .. ..
O = C – Cl
..
..
Cl
..
..
..
..
..
IV)
..
.. .. ..
..O – C – Cl..
Cl
..
..
III)
By: Shailendra Kumar
..
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
HO 2 –
N2O
SO 3
SO 3 2–
a)
2 and 5
b)
only 2
c)
3 and 4
d)
only 1
e)
1, 3 and 4
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Page No.: 4
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
23.
24.
Which of the following does not conform to the Lewis octet rule?
a)
CO
b)
SO 3
c)
CO 2
d)
BF 3
e)
CH 4
Consider the following species. Which contain an odd number of electrons?
NO 2
25.
26.
27.
28.
30.
1.
2.
CO
O 3–
O 22–
SO 2
a)
2 and 4
b)
2 and 5
c)
2, 4 and 5
d)
1 and 3
e)
all of them
The oxalate ion, C2O42– has a single bond between the carbon atoms and each carbon atom
is bonded to two oxygen atoms. Write a resonance form conforming to the Lewis octet rule and
determine the number of double bonds in this species.
a)
two
b)
one
c)
three
d)
zero
Sulfur trioxide, SO3 consists of a central sulfur atom bonded to the three other atoms. Write a
resonance form conforming to the Lewis octet rule and determine the number of double bonds
in this species.
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
zero
The formate ion, HCO2– consists of a central atom bonded to the three other atoms. Write a
resonance form conforming to the Lewis octet rule and determine the number of double bonds
in this species.
a)
one
b)
two
c)
three
d)
zero
c)
O 2–
Which of the following has the highest bond order?
a)
29.
By: Shailendra Kumar
O 2+
b)
O 22–
Write resonance structures for SO2. Based on these structures one can conclude that the bond
order of the S - O bond is :
a)
1 1/2
b)
1
c)
1 2/3
d)
2/3
e)
1 1/3
Write resonance structures for NO2–. Based on these structures one can conclude that the
bond order of the N - O bond is :
a)
1 1/2
b)
1
c)
1 2/3
d)
2/3
e)
1 1/3
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Page No.: 5
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
31.
The ionic radii of some ions are : Na+, 0.095 nm; K+, 0.133 nm; Ca2+, 0.099 nm; Ni2+, 0.069
nm; Ba2+, 0.135 nm; Ag+, 0.126 nm; S2–, 0.184 nm; Br–, 0.195 nm; O2–, 0.140; Cl–, 0.181
nm. Consider the following compounds and arrange them in order of increasing lattice energy
and select the compound which is of intermediate value in the series.
KCl
32.
35.
36.
37.
1.
2.
AgBr
NiS
CaS
CaS
b)
KCl
c)
NiS
d)
NaCl
e)
AgBr
Consider the following ionic substances and arrange them in order of increasing lattice energy.
KI
LiCl
a)
NaI > KI > LiCl
b)
LiCl > KI > NaI
c)
LiCl > NaI > KI
d)
KI > NaI > LiCl
Consider the following ionic substances and arrange them in order of increasing lattice energy.
CaO
34.
NaCl
a)
NaI
33.
By: Shailendra Kumar
CaS
MgO
a)
CaO > CaS > MgO
b)
MgO > CaS > CaO
c)
MgO > CaO > CaS
d)
CaS > CaO > MgO
What types of hybrid orbitals are involved in bonding of SiF62–?
a)
sp 2
b)
sp 3
c)
sp
d)
d 2 sp 3
e)
dsp 3
What types of hybrid orbitals are involved in bonding of AlCl63–?
a)
sp 2
b)
sp 3
c)
sp
d)
d 2 sp 3
e)
dsp 3
What types of hybrid orbitals are involved in bonding of IF2+?
a)
sp 2
b)
sp
c)
dsp 3
d)
sp 3
e)
d 2 sp 3
Which of the species in the following list is tetrahedral?
1)
BF 4 –
2)
SF 4
3)
XeF 4
4)
SiF4
5)
PCl4
a)
3 only
b)
1 only
c)
1 and 4
d)
2 and 3
e)
1 and 3
–
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Page No.: 6
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Which of the species in the following list is trigonal planar?
1)
ClF3
2)
BF 3
3)
ClO 3–
4)
GeCl3+
5)
SiH3–
a)
3 only
b)
1 only
c)
2 and 4
d)
3 and 5
e)
1 and 3
Which of the species in the following list is T - shaped?
1)
ClF3
2)
BF 3
3)
ClO 3–
4)
GeCl3+
5)
SiH3–
a)
1 and 3
b)
3 only
c)
1 only
d)
3 and 5
e)
2 and 440.
Draw the Lewis formula for BrF5. What term describes the shape of this species?
a)
octahedral
b)
square planar
c)
square pyramid
d)
see-saw
e)
tetrahedral
Draw the Lewis formula for SiCl4. What term describes the shape of this species?
a)
tetragonal pyramid
b)
octahedral
c)
tetrahedral
d)
square planar
e)
see-saw
Draw the Lewis formula for XeF4. What term describes the shape of this species?
a)
tetragonal pyramid
b)
octahedral
c)
square planar
d)
see-saw
e)
tetrahedral
The shape of the reactant containing chlorine in the following reaction is ________ and that of
the product is _________ :
ClO2– + O
44.
→
ClO3–
a)
angular, T -shaped
b)
liner, trigonal planar
c)
linear, trigonal pyramid
d)
angular, trigonal pyramid
e)
angular , trigonal planar
The shape of the reactant containing silicon in the following reaction is ________ and that of the
product is _________ :
SiF4 + 2 F–
1.
2.
By: Shailendra Kumar
→
SiF62–
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Page No.: 7
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
45.
a)
T -shaped, octahedral
b)
see-saw, octahedral
c)
tetrahedral, octahedral
d)
tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramid
e)
see-saw ,square pyramid
In the following reduction reaction the shape of the reactant is _______ and the shape of the
product is ________ :
SiF4 + 2 e–
a)
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
1.
2.
By: Shailendra Kumar
square planar, T -shaped
c)
tetrahedral, see-saw
e)
tetrahedral, square pyramid
→
SiF42–
b)
T -shaped, tetrahedral
d)
T -shaped, square planar
Draw the Lewis formula for GaI3. How many lone pair(s) of electrons are there in the valence
shell of the central atom?
a)
two
b)
one
c)
zero
d)
four
e)
three
Draw the Lewis formula for XeF4. How many lone pair(s) of electrons are there in the valence
shell of the central atom?
a)
three
b)
one
c)
two
d)
zero
e)
four
Draw the Lewis formula for ICI2–. How many lone pair(s) of electrons are there in the valence
shell of the central atom?
a)
two
b)
one
c)
three
d)
zero
e)
four
The bond angles in AsCl4+ are:
a)
slightly less than 90°
b)
exactly 120°
c)
slightly less than 109.5°
d)
exactly 90°
e)
exactly 109.5°
The bond angles in IF2+ are:
a)
slightly less than 90°
b)
exactly 120°
c)
exactly 109.5°
d)
exactly 90°
e)
slightly less than 109.5°
The bond angles in GeCl4 are:
a)
slightly less than 90°
b)
exactly 120°
c)
exactly 90°
d)
slightly less than 109.5°
e)
exactly 109.5°
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Page No.: 8
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
1.
2.
By: Shailendra Kumar
Which of the following has bond angles of approximately 90°?
1)
ClF3
2)
BF 3
3)
ClO 3–
4)
SF 4
5)
GeCl4
a)
1 and 4
b)
2 and 3
c)
3 only
d)
5 only
e)
4 only
Which of the following has bond angles of approximately 109.5°?
1)
ClF3
2)
BF 3
3)
ClO 4–
4)
SF 4
5)
GeCl4
a)
3 and 5
b)
1 and 4
c)
2 and 3
d)
5 only
e)
4 only
Which of the following has bond angles of approximately 90°?
1)
NF 3
2)
BF 3
3)
ClO 4–
4)
SF 4
5)
PCl5
a)
4 and 5
b)
1 and 4
c)
2 and 3
d)
1 and 3
e)
3 and 5
Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule?
a)
H 2O
b)
BCl3
c)
CH 2Cl 2
d)
PCl3
e)
NO
Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule?
a)
BrF 5
b)
PCl5
c)
ClF3
d)
CHCl3
e)
BrF
Consider the following molecules and select those that are polar.
1)
PCl3
2)
PCl5
3)
ClF3
4)
ClF5
a)
2 and 4
b)
1, 3 and 4
c)
1 and 3
d)
1, 2, 3 and 4
e)
2 and 3
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Page No.: 9
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
By: Shailendra Kumar
A N S W E R S
1.
d
16.
d
31.
d
46.
c
2.
d
17.
d
32.
c
47.
c
3.
d
18.
d
33.
c
48.
c
4.
e
19.
a
34.
d
49.
e
5.
e
20.
a
35.
d
50.
e
6.
e
21.
a
36.
d
51.
e
7.
c
22.
d
37.
c
52.
a
8.
b
23.
d
38.
c
53.
a
9.
c
24.
d
39.
c
54.
a
10.
c
25.
a
40.
c
55.
b
11.
c
26.
a
41.
c
56.
b
12.
c
27.
a
42.
c
57.
b
13.
a
28.
a
43.
c
14.
a
29.
a
44.
c
15.
a
30.
a
45.
c
1.
2.
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Page No.: 10