Major Sections for General Psychology 201
•
•
•
•
•
Chapter 1: Introduction and Research Methods
Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
Chapter 4: Consciousness and Its Variations
Chapter 9: Lifespan Development
The major ideas in General Psychology 201 should be a majority of the items for
the final exam, but NOT necessarily all of the items for the final exam.
Chapter 1: Introduction and Research Methods
Background of Psychology and
the People
The Origins of
Psychology
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Influence of
Philosophy
Influence of
Physiology
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Titchener
(Structuralism)
William James
(Functionalism)
Sigmund Freud
(psychoanalysts)
John Watson
(Behaviorism)
Carl Rogers
(Humanism)
Doing Research
Contemporary
Psychology
•
•
Perspectives in
Psychology (7)
Specialty Areas in
Psychology (10)
The Scientific
Method
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
•
•
•
What is critical
thinking?
What is the
scientific method
Steps in the
“scientific
method”
Formulate a
testable
hypothesis
Design a study to
collect data
Analyze the data
and interpret
Report the
findings
Constructing a
theory
Evaluating mass
media reports
about psychology
Problems with
casually testing
beliefs
Descriptive
Methods
•
•
•
•
Naturalistic
Observation
Case study
Surveys
Correlational
studies
Experimental
Methods
“Do violent video
games increase
aggressive behavior”?
• Hypothesis and
random
assignment
• Experimental,
control groups
and independent
variable
• Dependent
variable
• Experimental
procedure
• Results and
Discussion
• Variations in
experimental
designs
• Limits of
experiments
Ethics in
Psychological
Research
Questions about the
use of animals in
psychological
research
Chapter 2: Neuroscience and Behavior
The Neuron
•
•
•
•
Structure of the Neuron
Communication Between
Neurons
Neurotransmitters (6)
How Drugs Influence
Communication between
Neurons (4)
The Nervous
System and
Endocrine
System
•
•
•
•
•
Central
Nervous
System (CNS)
Peripheral
Nervous
System (PNS)
Somatic
Nervous
System
Autonomic
Nervous
System
(Parasympathe
tic and
Sympathetic
NS)
Endocrine
system
The Brain
Hindbrain
•
•
•
•
Pons
Reticular
Formation
Cerebellum
Medulla
Midbrain
•
Substantia
Nigra
Specializations
of the Cerebral
Hemispheres
Forebrain
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Corpus
Callosum
Cerebral
Cortex
Frontal
Lobes
Parietal
Lobe
Temporal
Lobe
Occipital
Lobe
Broca’s
Area
Wernicke’s
Area
Limbic
System
•
•
•
•
Amygdala
Hippocamp
us
Thalamus
Hypothalam
us
•
•
•
•
Left Hemisphere
and Language
Cutting the
Corpus Callosum
Plasticity and the
Brain (juggling)
Pumping More
Neurons into the
Brain
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
Sensation
Vision
Hearing
Principles of
Sensation
and
Perception
•
Sensory
Adaptation
•
•
•
•
Structure of
the Eye
Rods and
Cones
Trichromatic
Theory
Opponent
Process
Theory
•
•
•
•
•
•
Structure of
the Ear
How do we
hear
Place
Theory
Frequency
Theory
Conduction
Deafness
Nerve
Deafness
The
Chemical
and Body
Senses
•
•
•
•
•
Smell
Taste
Touch
Vestibular
Kinesthetic
Perception
Depth
Gestalt Laws Perceptual
perception
and
Illusions and
Cues
Constancies
Perceptual
Sets
Top-Down
and Bottomup
•
•
Examples of
Top-Down
processing
Examples of
Bottom-up
processing
•
•
Perception
is a
constructed
Process-Context
effects
Monocular
Depth
Perception
Cues (6)
•
•
Gestalt
Laws of
Organizatio
n (4)
Constancies
(2)
•
•
•
What do
illusions tell
us about
Perception
Perceptual
Sets
Strategies
for
Controlling
Pain
Chapter 4: Consciousness and Its Variations
Biological and
Environmental
Clocks
•
•
•
•
SCN
Role of pineal
gland and
melatonin
“Free-Running”
Jet-Lag
Sleep
•
•
•
•
•
How sleep
changes during
the night
How sleep
changes over the
lifespan
Restorative theory
of Sleep
Strategies for
Improving Sleep
Sleep Deprivation
Dreams and
Mental Activity
During Sleep
•
•
The Brain during
sleep
REM sleep and
memory
consolidation
Hypnosis
•
•
•
Effects of
Hypnosis
Neo-Dissociation
theory of hypnosis
Social-Cognitive
Theory of
Hypnosis
Meditation
•
Effects of
Meditation
Psychoactive
Drugs
•
•
•
•
•
•
Common
properties of drugs
Depressants
Opiates
Stimulates
Psychedelics
Ecstasy and
Dissociative
Anesthetic drugs
Chapter 9: Development Across the Lifespan
Genetics
•
•
•
•
•
DNA
Genes
Chromosomes
XX versus XY
Genotype and
phenotype
Prenatal
Development
•
Teratogens
Development
During Infancy
and Childhood
•
Cognitive
Development
(Piaget)
Adolescence
•
•
•
Erikson’s
psychosocial
Crises (8)
Moral
Reasoning
(Kolhberg and
Gilligan)
Late and early
developers in
puberty
Adult
Development
•
Late Adulthood
and Aging
•
Activity Theory
of aging
Raising
Psychologically
Healthy
Children
•
4 parenting
styles