___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ PSYCHOLOGY
___________________________________ (8th Edition, in Modules)
David Myers
___________________________________ PowerPoint Slides
Aneeq Ahmad
Henderson State University
Worth Publishers, © 2007
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___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Module 8
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___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn
___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ƒ Conception
ƒ Prenatal Development
___________________________________ ƒ The Competent Newborn
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 1
OBJECTIVE 8‐1| State the three areas of Developmental Psychology
Issue
change that developmental psychologists study, and identify the three major issues in Details
developmental psychology. How do genetic inheritance (our nature) and experience (the nurture we receive) influence our behavior?
Is development a gradual, continuous process or a sequence of separate stages?
Do our early personality traits persist through life, or do we become different persons as we age.
Nature/Nurture
Continuity/Stages
Stability/Change
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___________________________________ Prenatal Development and the Newborn
___________________________________ How, over time, did we come to be who we are? From zygote to birth, development progresses in an orderly, though fragile, sequence.
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OBJECTIVE 8‐2| Describe the union of sperm Conception
and egg at conception. ___________________________________ A single sperm cell (male) penetrates the outer coating of the egg (female) and fuse to form one fertilized cell.
___________________________________ Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company
Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company
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Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 2
OBJECTIVE 8‐3| Define zygote, embryo and Prenatal Development
fetus, and explain how teratogens can affect development. A zygote is a fertilized cell with 100 cells, which become increasingly diverse. At about 14 days the zygote turns into an embryo (a and b). ___________________________________ Biophoto Associates/ Photo Researchers, Inc.
Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company
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___________________________________ Prenatal Development
___________________________________ At 9 weeks an embryo turns into a fetus (c and d). Teratogens are chemicals or viruses that can enter the placenta and harm the developing fetus.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company
Lennart Nilsson/ Albert Bonniers Publishing Company
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OBJECTIVE 8‐4| Describe some of the abilities The Competent Newborn
of the newborn, and explain how researchers use habituation to assess infant sensory and Infants are born with reflexes that aid survival, including the rooting reflex that helps them locate food. cognitive abilities. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 9
Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 3
___________________________________ The Competent Newborn
___________________________________ Offspring cries are important signals for parents to provide nourishment. In animals and in humans such cries are quickly attended to and relieved.
___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Lightscapes, Inc. Corbis
Carl and Ann Purcell/ Corbis
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___________________________________ Cognitive Development in the Newborn
___________________________________ Investigators study infants getting habituated to objects over some duration of time. New objects are paid more attention than habituated ones, showing learning. ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 11
Psychology 8 ed., David Myers Module 1 PowerPoint Slides, Aneeq Ahmad 4