QASSIM UNIVERSITY
Supervisor:
Hajjaj & Ajazz
MY NAME: Abdulrhman Khlid Aldubiee
*Describe autonomic reflex arc.
Receptors
Muscatinic
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
Nicotinic
N1
N2
Location
Pharmacological
role
Autonomic ganglia
Heart
Smooth muscle
Secretary gland
CNS
Depolarization
↓ Rate & contraction
↑ Contraction
↑ Secretion(↑
laceration , ↑
salivation)
Autonomic ganglia at
synaptic (between
pre and post)
Non autonomic at
neural muscular
junction in skeletal
muscle
Depolarization
Catecholamine
release.
Skeletal Muscle
Contraction.
Cholinergic receptors
Nicotinic receptors
Muscatine receptors
Present in
Present in
Autonomic ganglia (NN)
Adrenal medulla (NN)
CNS (Spinal cord mainly) (NN)
Effectors organ supplied by Para symp
Sweat glands & BV
CNS (Brain Mainly)
Stimulated by nicotine, lobeline
Stimulated by Acetylcholine
Blocked By
Blocked by
Atropine
Ganglion blocker (Nicotine LD,
in ganglia; Chlorisondamine)
Neuromucular blocker (eg.
Curare in skeletal muscles)
Adrenergic receptors
Receptor
Location
Effect
α1
Postsynaptic in
smooth Muscle of
Blood vessels
Intestine & Urinary
Vasoconstriction
Relaxation
α2
Presynaptic
NA release
β1
Heart
Kidney
Rate and
Contraction
Renin release
β2
Sm. Muscle of
Blood vessels
Bronchi
Intestine
Urinary
Liver
Relaxation
Relaxation
Relaxation
Relaxation
Glycogenolysis
Adipose tissue
Lipolysis
β3
Classified as:
1. Α[adrenergic blocker
1.
α1 blocker
Prazosin
2.
Selective α2
Yohimbine
3.
Equally on α1 and α2
Phentolamine
2.
3.
β - adrenergic blocker
A. Non selective (β1 & β2 blocker): e.g.
Propranolol,
Timolol
B. Selective (β blocker): e.g.
Atenolol (β1)
Butoxamine (β2)
Mixed (α & β blocker) e.g.
Labetalol
Carvedilol
*Describe autonomic reflex arc:
Definition:
Rapid, predictable and involuntary motor response
to stimuli through pathways called reflex arcs.
Sources of Stimulus
- internal environment (may involve the
autonomic /
visceral division of the nervous system)
external environment (may involve the somatic
division of the nervous system.
• Classification
–Autonomic reflexes
(unconscious):
digestion, sweating etc.
–Somatic reflexes:
activate skeletal muscles.
How the Message Travels From the Receptor
to the Effector.
Nerve cells (neurons) carry the message from
the stimulated receptors to the correct
effectors.
Types of Reflexes:
• Monosynaptic reflex – simplest of all reflexes.
– Just one synapse.
– The fastest of all reflexes.
– Example – knee-jerk reflex.
• Polysynaptic reflex – more common type of
reflex
– Most have a single interneuron between the
sensory and motor neuron.
– Example – withdrawal reflexes .
Hamstrings
(flexor)
SUMMARY:
Cholinergic Receptores (Muscatinic and
Nicotinic).
Adrenergic receptors.
Describe autonomic reflex arc: Definition,
Sources of Stimulus, Classification.
How the Message Travels From the
Receptor to the Effector?
Types of Reflexes.
THANKE YOU