Grammar Review
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VERBOS-CONJUGACIONES
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Nombre
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Apellido
2009-2010
1
Grammar Review
VERBOS-CONJUGACIONES
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2
Irregularidades en la forma ‘Yo’
PRESENTE del indicativo
-AR verb endings
sé
• SABER
-ER -IR verb endings
• caber
quepo
• estar
estoy
• ver
veo
• dar
doy
• -ecer, -ocer, -ucir
IR
verbs that end in:
SER
c Æ zco
conocer
parecer
traducir
conducir
• -ger, -gir
gÆj
elegir
coger
dirigir
• -guir
The present tense of estar has written accents on the
second and third person forms, both singular & plural.
drop u
seguir
STEM CHANGES OÆUE or UÆ UE
no stem change
OÆ UE
no stem change
OÆ UE
OÆ UE
OÆ UE
jugar (u-ue)
acostarse, poder
encontrar, recordar
acordarse, volver
dormir, contar
mostrar
STEM CHANGES e Æ i
no stem change
STEM CHANGES e Æ ie or i Æ ie
no stem change
eÆ ie
eÆ ie
eÆ ie
empezar, comenzar
preferir, pensar
querer, entender
venir & tener
(excepto por ‘yo’)
eÆ i
i
Æ
y
i
Æ
y
i
Æ
y
g
salir, poner, tener, venir
decir, hacer,
caer = ‘caigo’
traer = ‘traigo’ also stem change
eÆ i
Verbs that change i
g in the ‘yo’ form
2009-2010
decir, repetir
pedir, freir
servir, seguir
no stem change
eÆ i
no stem change
eÆ ie
eÆ i
Æ
y
no stem change
no stem change
construir, huir
incluir, sustituir
i
Æ
y
Grammar Review
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VERBOS-CONJUGACIONES
PRETÉRITO IRREGULAR
--NO ACCENTS--
PRETÉRITO REGULAR
-AR endings
3
-ER -IR endings
Irregular endings “mix”
*ACCENTS*
*
*
*
-ER/-IR
endings
-AR
endings
*
IRREGULAR STEMS
POINTS FOR CONJUGATION:
stem change
spell change (yo form)
•
•
•
•
•
•
SER & IR
DAR
Verbs that change iÆy in third person:
VERBS THAT CHANGE MEANING IN THE PRET.
These are not endings charts. They are complete conjugations.
IMPERFECTO REGULAR
-AR endings
QUERER
SABER
CONOCER
PODER
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
to try
to find out
to meet for the 1rst time
to manage, to succeed
to refuse
NO + (same)
NO + (same)
to try, but fail
IMPERFECTO IRREGULAR
-ER -IR endings
POINTS FOR CONJUGATION:
There are no stem changes There are no spelling changes
in the imperfect tense.
in the imperfect tense.
These are not endings charts.
They are complete
conjugations
2009-2010
Grammar Review
VERBOS-CONJUGACIONES
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PRETÉRITO
VS.
IMPERFECTO
4
p1
p2
p3
NARRATION IN THE PAST
-telling who did what.
COMPLETED ACTIONS IN THE PAST
-Limpié el suelo ayer.
DESCRIPTIONS IN THE PAST
Includes: date, time, age, weather, physical and
emotional condition, desires, likes/dislikes….
i2
REPEATED, HABITUAL PAST ACTIONS
(‘used to’)
EMPHASIZES THE BEGINNING OR
ENDING OF AN ACTION
it is done, it occurred once, and now it is over
i3
-Yo limpiaba el suelo todos los días.
EMPHASIZES DURATION IN THE PAST
Neither beginning nor ending is emphasized and
cannot be specified. (‘was/were + verb-ing’)
palabras y frases claves
PRETERITE KEY WORDS
•
•
•
•
•
i1
•
•
•
•
•
7:05
7:07
IMPERFECT KEY WORDS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Compound sentences with preterite and imperfect:
►Two successive actions:
Abrí la puerta y saqué la fregona.
►Two simultaneous actions:
Cantaba y cocinaba.
►Ongoing action interrupted: Bailabamos en el salón y de repente entraron mis padres.
FUTURO
(infinitive or irreg.
stem + ending)
CONDICIONAL
(infinitive or irreg.
stem + ending)
-AR -ER -IR
endings
-AR -ER -IR
endings
USES OF THE
FUTURE:
USES OF THE
CONDITIONAL:
•__________________
•___________________
•___________________
•___________________
2009-2010
IRREGULAR
FUTURE & CONDITIONAL STEMS
•The regular future and conditional tenses are not formed
by dropping the infinitive ending. (-AR –ER –IR)
• Instead, the future or conditional ending is attached to
the complete infinitive (or the irregular stem.)
Grammar Review
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VERBOS-CONJUGACIONES
5
VERBOS IRREGULARES
PRESENTE del SUBJUNTIVO
D.I.S.H.E.S.
ROOT for tense:
Drop:
+ Add “opposite” endings
-AR verb endings
-ER -IR verb endings
POINTS FOR CONJUGATION
stem change
• same as present indicative
• -ir stem-changing verbs change stem
(one letter) outside of “boot form”
spell change • -gar verbs:
• -car verbs:
• -zar verbs:
These are not endings charts.
They are complete conjugations
Imperfecto del SUBJUNTIVO
ROOT for tense:
Drop:
-AR -ER -IR
+ Add endings
-AR -ER -IR
These alternate endings are
not important for now.
They are included here
for future reference.
Normal Endings
Alternate Endings
POINTS FOR CONJUGATION:
Formation: Since the third person plural preterite is the root for this tense, you must remember all details of
preterite conjugation.
2009-2010
6
Grammar Review
VERBOS-CONJUGACIONES
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TIEMPO PERFECTO:
HABER + past participle
▼ Regular Past Participle
HABER
verbos -AR
verbos –ER -IR
Present Perfect
Irregular Past Participle forms
HABER
Imperfect Perfect
HABER
HABER
Future Perfect
HABER
present subjunctive perfect
HABER
Conditional Perfect
imperfect subjunctive perfect
(pluscuamperfecto)
2009-2010