Why are Roma coming to
Britain?
Jake Bowers
• Romani journalist
– BBC radio and TV
– Guardian/Independent
– Travellers Times
• Diversity Trainer
• Researcher
– Local and central government
Journalism
What’s in a name?
• Gypsy – corruption of
Egyptian
• Traveller – nomadic of any
origin
• Romany – noun and
adjective
• Roma – “husbands”
• Tsigan/Zigeuner – from
greek Athinganoi –
“heretic”
Push / Pull
• Romany migration has
always been driven by the
push of persecution and
the pull of economic
opportunity
Housing
Education
• Massive over
representation in special
schools
• Very few finish secondary
education
• Even less higher or further
education
Employment
• Massive unempoyment
• Discrimination in labour
market
• Lack of official papers
Health
• Environmental
marginalised
• Lowest life
expectancy
• Highest child
mortality
• Bad access to
healthcare
Inequality
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Romania
Italy
Greece
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Hungary
France
Maria and Natalka
Thanks for listening
Jake Bowers
Tel: +44 7966 786242
jake.bowers@btinternet.com
Bobby’s Home in Romania
Bobby’s life in Luton
Policing the Roma community:
Tensions & Issues
East of England Roma Professionals Network Conference
30th April 2014
PC Petr Torak
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF ROMA
COMMUNITY IN PETERBOROUGH
 Estimated number of Roma community is 3000
 Mainly Czech & Slovak / Rumungro & Vlachi Roma
 Family based units
Roma community by postcode
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
PE1
PE2
PE3
PE4
PE7
TENSIONS
&
ISSUES
 Social and political situation
 Human trafficking
Negative media
 Cannabis & Pervitin
 Child Safeguarding
 Anti-social behaviour
 Child Sexual Exploitation
 Child Sexual Exploitation
CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
Enhanced training for all PCs & PCSOs
Training for taxi drivers
MULTI-AGENCY APPROACH
 Peterborough Children Services
 Cambridgeshire Police
 Cambs & P’boro Foundation Trust
 P’boro and Stamford Hospital Trust
 Cambridgeshire Community Services
 Schools via Education Services
 Youth Offending Service
Training for SIA licence holders
Training for hotel staff
www.peterboroughlscb.org.uk
GYPSY ROMA TRAVELLER POLICE ASSOCIATION
GYPSY ROMA TRAVELLER POLICE ASSOCIATION
 Promoting police work to candidates from the GRT background
 Challenging over & under policing
 Training of Police Officers and Staff
Training for the GRT communities
Engaging with media
Raising profile of the GRT communities
International collaboration
ANY QUESTION …
PC Petr Torak
Cambridgeshire Police
+44 7841948587
petr.torak@cambs.pnn.police.uk
Trafficking and the Roma
Community – Myths and Facts
RACE in Europe Project: European Initiatives
to Improve Response Against Trafficking for
Forced Criminal Exploitation
Fiona Waters – RACE in Europe Project Assistant, Anti-Slavery International
Vicky Brotherton – Researcher and Coordinator of the Anti-Trafficking
Monitoring Group
‘RACE in Europe’ Project
• 2 year project with the aim of ‘improving knowledge and response to
forced criminal activity and begging in Europe’
• Baseline assessment of scale and scope of trafficking for forced criminal
exploitation and begging in Europe
• 3 training sessions with a variety of stakeholders from across Europe
• 7 Project partners from across Europe
What is Human Trafficking?
• Grave Human Rights abuse
• United Nations Office on Drugs and
Crime (UNODC) estimate 2.5
million victims at any given time
• Affects every single country in the
world
• Types of exploitation include
- sexual exploitation
- forced labour
- domestic servitude
- forced criminal exploitation
The 3 elements of trafficking:
1) Act (What is done)
2) Means (How it is done)
3) Purpose (Why it is done)
Child Trafficking – No Means
necessary
Forced Criminal Exploitation
and Forced Begging
Directive 2011/36/EU on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and
Protecting its Victims:
Article 2 (3)
Exploitation shall include, as a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of
others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, including begging,
slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, or the exploitation of criminal activities, or the
removal of organs.
• RACE Research findings include trafficking for:
- cannabis cultivation
- ATM theft, benefit fraud and other crime
- forced begging
• Victims treated as criminals
• Non-punishment and non-prosecution obligations
What are the causes of
trafficking?
-
Complex phenomenon
Socio, economic factors
Varies for individual and region
Poverty, oppression, lack of social
or economic opportunity
- Need to migrate
- Opportunities for criminals to
exploit the vulnerable
- Key cause = VULNERABILITY
• Why the Trafficking of Roma?
• Suffer discrimination, poverty and
unemployment
• Lack of access to services
• Debt and ‘Kamatari’
• Complex grooming patterns of
exploiters
• Good of the child versus good of
the family
Case Study - Operation Golf
• Joint Investigation Team: Metropolitan Police (UK) and Romanian
National Police
• Network of criminals trafficking and exploiting Roma children
• Over 1,000 taken from one town in Romania (Tanderai)
• Discovered a child can earn as much as £100,000 a year.
• Trafficked for street crime:
•
•
•
•
•
Pick-pocketing
Bag-snatching
Shoplifting
ATM and distraction theft
Forced begging
The UK
• 2,255 potential trafficking victims identified in
2012: 16% forced to commit crime
• Victims exploited in more than one way
• Incidences reported by the media and service
providers
• Emerging trends: sham marriage, drug
trafficking, illegal charity bag collection,
counterfeit goods.
Petty Crime & Begging
• Children from Central & Eastern Europe
(commonly Roma)
• 1,944 children arrested for theft offences
since 2011
•
•
•
•
•
53% Romania
18% Poland
9% Lithuania
5% Czech Republic
5% Slovakia
• Only 52 in the care of local authorities
during the same period
Rest of Europe
• Existing reports & first-hand data contain cases of victims forced to
commit a range of criminal activities
• Partners in the Netherlands focusing on Trafficking of Roma
• Data collection systems inadequate for complete picture
• Certain groups particularly vulnerable to exploitation:
• Bulgarian case-study – Roma represent 50-80% of all Bulgarian
trafficked persons
• Counter-trafficking initiatives can result in displacement effectInternational cooperation vital.
What to do if you suspect a
situation of trafficking
Trafficking Indicators:
• Lack of/false documents
• Fear
• Movements controlled
• Unaware of location/cannot speak
language
• Signs of abuse
• No access to
Earnings
• Debt
For more information go to:
1) London Safeguarding Board Trafficking Toolkit
2) NSPCC website
3) UNODC Human Trafficking Indicators
(https://www.unodc.org/pdf/HT_indicators_E_LOWRE
S.pdf)
If you suspect a victim of trafficking:
1)Go to the police with details (anti-trafficking unit)
2)Contact an NGO – Salvation Army 24hr helpline –
03003038151
3)Anti-Slavery International - 02075018927
Recommendations
• Guidance for front-line professionals who may
encounter trafficking victims
• Training to increase awareness
• Removal of culture of disbelief
• Acknowledge and address vulnerabilities of Roma
communities.
• Greater international cooperation to tackle traffickers
• Implementation of non-punishment legislation
• EU Directive/CoE Trafficking Convention
RACE In Europe Project
www.raceineurope.org
f.waters@antislavery.org
United Kingdom Human
Trafficking Centre
Ayesha Ahad
Address: PO BOX 5837, NW1W 9JZ
Tel: (+44) 08447782406 (24/7)
Email: UKHTC@nca.x.gsi.gov.uk
Web: www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk
OFFICIAL
National Referral Mechanism
(NRM)
• The NRM was instigated on 1st April 2009 to implement part of
the Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in
Human Beings.
• Encourages co-operation between agencies involved in human
trafficking cases to:
 Identify and recognise victims of human trafficking
 Provide a minimum 45 day reflection and recovery period
 Provide victims with care and support.
OFFICIAL
The Competent Authority
The UK has two linked but separate Competent
Authorities:
• UK Human Trafficking Centre
• Home Office (formerly UK Border Agency)
OFFICIAL
The Victim
Identification Process
OFFICIAL
First Responders
• Police
• Home Office (formerly UKBA)
• Gangmasters Licensing
Authority (GLA)
• Salvation Army – 0300
3038151
• NCA
• Local Authorities
• Health and Social Care Trusts
(Northern Ireland)
• Trafficking Awareness Raising
Alliance (TARA) – 0141
2767724
• NSPCC (Child Trafficking Advice
Centre) – 0800 1077057
• Migrant Helpline – 01304
218718/ 0141 8847900/
01304 203977
• Poppy Project – 0207
7352062
• Medaille Trust – 0844
8009721
• Kalayaan – 0207 2432942
• Barnardo’s
• Unseen UK – 0845 5441406
• BAWSO – 02920 644633
• New Pathways – 01685
379310
• Refugee Council
OFFICIAL
Overview of the Referral
Process
• The First Responder comes into contact with a PVoT
• The First Responder completes the referral form
accessed from
www.gov.uk/government/publications/humantrafficking-victims-referral-and-assessmentforms
• Completed referral forms are sent to the UKHTC:
 By fax on 0870 496 5534
 By e-mail on UKHTC@nca.x.gsi.gov.uk
OFFICIAL
Completing the NRM Referral
Form - Indicators
Adults
•
•
•
•
General indicators
Indicators of forced labour
Indicators of domestic servitude
Indicators of sexual exploitation
Children
• Child development
• Parenting capacity
• Family/ environment
OFFICIAL
Completing the NRM Referral
Form – Other Sections
• Personal Details of the person being referred.
• Contact details of the First Responder and also
the social worker in the case of children.
• Basic details of the encounter.
• Evidence to support reasons for referral.
• Adult referrals require signed informed consent
to enter the NRM process.
• Consent is not required for under 18’s.
OFFICIAL
The Decision Making
Process
OFFICIAL
PALERMO PROTOCOL
“The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt
of persons…
…by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of
coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of
power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving
of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person
having control over another person…
…for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a
minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other
forms of sexual exploitation, forced labour or services, slavery or
practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs”
For children it is accepted that few children will have control over why
they are moved, therefore the coercion or deception elements do not
have to be present.
Action Means Exploitation
OFFICIAL
Reasonable Grounds Decision
• Identifies whether an individual is a potential victim of
trafficking.
• Target date of 5 working days from receipt.
• The standard of proof is “I suspect but cannot prove…”
• The decision is based on the referral form and other
available information.
• If a positive reasonable grounds decision is reached, the
victim is entitled to a 45 day reflection and recovery period.
OFFICIAL
Conclusive Decision
• Recognises whether an individual is a victim of
trafficking.
• Target date of 45 calendar days from the Positive
Reasonable Grounds Decision. Case manager
gathers additional information for relevant agencies
• The standard of proof is “it is more likely than
not” balance of probabilities.
OFFICIAL
Importance of the NRM
Decision
• Validation of a victim’s experience
• Focused and targeted support to a victim and
assistance with considering next steps
• Independent corroboration of victim status
OFFICIAL
What happens next to a Victim?
• Leave To Remain
 Discretionary Leave
 personal circumstances
 co-operating with police enquiries
 Other Leave to Remain application
• Return home
• Reconsideration
• Judicial Review – review of process not decision
OFFICIAL
Upward Trend
• For the whole of 2013:
- 1746 total referrals into the UK NRM
- 1032 relate to Home Office Cases
- 714 cases dealt with by the UKHTC
• Already in 2014 (up to 17/04/2014):
- 690 total referrals into the UK NRM
- 363 relate to Home Office Cases
- 327 cases dealt with by the UKHTC
OFFICIAL
Any questions?
UKHTC@nca.x.gsi.gov.uk
0844 778 2406
OFFICIAL
Big Lottery Fund
Roma Conference
30th April 2014
How the Lottery pound is spent
─ Camelot (5p)
─ Prize money (50p)
─ Taxes (12p)
─ Retailer (5p)
─ Good causes (28p)
─ Big Lottery Fund (11.2p)
─ Arts (5.6p)
─ Heritage (5.6p)
─ Sports (5.6p)
Understanding the Funder
Big Lottery Fund: Mission Statement
‘Bringing about real change to communities and to the lives
of those most in need’
Big is an Outcomes Funder
Community learning
and creating
opportunity
Promoting
community safety
and cohesion
Promoting well
being
Outcome 1
Outcome 2
Outcome 3
Outcome 4
People having
better chances in
life, with better
access to training
and development to
improve their life
skills
Stronger
communities, with
more active
citizens, working
together to tackle
their problems
Improved rural
and urban
environments,
which
communities are
better able to
access and enjoy
Healthier and
more active
people and
communities
Awards for All
Awards for All – Who can apply?
You can apply if you are a:
─ voluntary and community organisation, charity or social enterprise
─ school
─ parish or town council
─ Health body
You can apply at any time during the year
You can apply if..
UK Bank Account
in name of
organisation with
two signatories
At least
three
months
notice
Three unrelated
people on governing
body
Complete
within one
year
Please see Good
Governance Guide
How much?
• £300 to £10,000
• One application at a time
• End of Grant report
approved before you can
apply again
• No more than £10,000 in
any one year period
• No match funding
requirements
Change - £10,000 in one
year period
What can Awards for All pay for?
• equipment hire or purchase
• IT equipment
• building and refurbishment
• sessional workers
• updating equipment and
premises for health and safety
• training
• volunteer expenses
• transport costs
• venue hire
Examples of what Awards for All cannot pay
for:
─ Activities starting before BIG confirms the grant
─ Day-to-day running costs
─ Existing activities and repeat or regular events. [Exceptions: 3 yrs since
activity has taken place; delivery to new beneficiary types; Org has annual
turnover <£30k]
─ Items that mainly benefit an individual
─ Building and refurbishment work costing more than £25,000 (inc. VAT)
Repeat activities (see
guidance page 9)
Awards for All cannot pay for:
(continued)
─ Salaries of permanent or fixed term staff
─ Projects or activities that the state has a legal obligation to provide
─ Political or religious activities
─ Routine repairs and maintenance
─ Fundraising activities
─ Used vehicles
Application process
You read our guide
You send us your application
We let you know our decision
You send the documents we ask for
We confirm the grant
You start your project
30
20
10
• working days
• working days
• working days
Awards for All - Improving your chances
BIG scores applications to help decide who should be funded. Applications will
score higher if they:
─ show strong evidence of need
─ seek to involve as wide a range of people as possible
─ meet more than one of our outcomes
─ are from groups that have never received an Awards for All grant
─ are from groups with a smaller annual income
─ are for smaller projects
The scoring guide used
to assess Awards for All is
on the website
Reaching Communities
Who Can Apply?
You can apply if you are a:
─ voluntary and community organisation, charity or social
enterprise
─ school
─ parish or town council
─ Health body
You can apply at any time during the year
The Money!!
Maximum grant:
–
No revenue limit. If asking for more than £500,000 tel: 08454102030 first
–
Up to £100,000 BIG contribution towards capital costs. No maximum capital
project limit. (BIG would need to be the primary contributor).
–
Projects seeking more than £300,000 must be examples of excellent practice
–
Those seeking £100k+ a year should consider a range of funding options
Minimum grant:

£10,000

A project can be funded for a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 5 years
What can be funded?
Revenue:
• Salaries of project workers
• Recruitment, training costs and staff expenses (travel,
phones, stationery etc.)
• Rent, heating, lighting, maintenance and insurance
• Monitoring and evaluation of project
• Full Cost Recovery – BIG can make a reasonable contribution
towards existing overhead costs to deliver a BIG project.
What can be funded?
Capital:
•
Building and engineering works required to deliver project
•
Plant and equipment necessary for running the project
•
Purchase of land, buildings, equipment or fixtures
•
Transport necessary for delivering the project
The Application Process
You can apply at any time
Stage 1 – Submit a Stage 1 form
Response within 4 weeks
Responses: ‘Maybe’ or ‘unlikely’ or ‘outside funding policy’
If ‘maybe’, you will be invited to submit a full application
Stage 2 – Submit a full application within 4 months
If seeking less than £40k a year, decision within 2 months
If seeking more than £40k a year or about land or buildings,
decision within 4 months
Final decision made by an England-wide committee
www.biglotteryfund.org.uk
Roma Professionals Network
30th April 2014
Michelle Armstrong
EU Connects Associate
Introduction
EU Institutions and Member States – joint responsibility
to improve social inclusion and integration of Roma
MS have primary responsibility/competences to change
the situation of marginalised populations, but to
support them, the EU has made available a range of
legal, policy and financial instruments.
 EU policy context - key strategies/policies
 Key Funding Programmes to monitor as we move
towards the 2014-20 EU funding programming
period
Key EU Policy Documents
Directive on Racial Equality, Year 2000
April 2010 Communication on the economic and
social integration of the Roma in Europe
April 2011 Commission Communication on an EU
Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies
by 2020
"National Roma Integration Strategies: a first step in
the implementation of the EU Framework“
Communication 21 May 2012.
December 2013 - First ever EU legal instrument for
Roma inclusion adopted – MS commitment to action
4th April 2014 - Commission Report on
progress achieved through National
Roma Strategies (focus on education,
employment, healthcare & housing)
Funding: Allocating sufficient funding to Roma
integration remains a challenge. For the first time in
2014-20 period, 20% of the European Social Fund
available to Member States must be dedicated to
social inclusion, (up from current average of 15%).
Post 2020, the Commission will explore ways to
further improve/make more effective financial
support for Roma including through a specific facility.
Loss of potential - renders the endeavour to
secure growth even more difficult….
Better integration of Roma is both a moral and an
economic imperative.
Three of five Europe 2020 headline targets directly
linked to the EU Framework targets for Roma
inclusion:
fight against poverty and social exclusion
raising employment levels
reducing school drop-out and increasing attendance
in tertiary education
Multiple issues to tackle…
Racism, discrimination, social exclusion
Deep poverty and lack of access to healthcare and
decent housing
Victims of violence, trafficking and exploitation
Lagging education levels and discrimination in the
labour market
High unemployment
Low skills and low paid jobs
EU Instruments to deliver policy!
Funding in the form of grants to projects or organisations to help
implement EU policies = powerful tool to improve the socio-economic
situation of disadvantaged groups
Funds are available to improve the economic situation, health, living
conditions, employment opportunities, cultural understanding and
education of all in Europe
Structural and Investment Funds –
The European Growth Programme in
England – delivered through LEP!
European Social Fund (ESF) which supports the
improvement of living and working conditions of
Roma in particular by investing in education and
skills development
European Regional Development Fund (ERDF),
which supports regional development, economic
change, enhanced competitiveness and territorial cooperation throughout the EU (ERDF is also available
through Territorial Cooperation programmes - cross
border, transnational and interregional funding)
The 2014-2020 Structural Funds Regulations
have the potential to re-direct Member
States’ efforts to meet the needs of Roma
Under the EU European Social Fund (ESF) Regulation, Roma are
specifically included as beneficiaries of the 20% earmarked funds that
the ESF should devote to social inclusion and the fight against poverty.
Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme
2014-20
Budget of 439m euros for 7 years, 54.8m in 2014
Prevent and combat violence against children, young people and
women and to protect victims and groups at risk (from Daphne III of
2007-13)
Non-discrimination on the grounds of ethnic origin. The programme
brings in anti-discrimination and diversity sections of PROGRESS 200713 (Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity).
Programme for Employment and Social
Innovation (EaSI) 2014-20
Support development of EU policy in the areas of
employment, social integration and working
conditions
EaSI combines elements of PROGRESS, The European
Employment Service & European Progress
Microfinance facility
815m euros over 7 years of which 500m for
PROGRESS activities
Social innovation/testing policy reform/ new ideas,
products, services, models with strong methodology
Other EU funds to monitor for the
2014-20 period…
ERASMUS + for various lifelong learning projects –
mobility, cooperation for innovation, policy reform
Creative Europe –Culture and creative sectors/skills
2 Seas Cross Border and France-England Cross
Border (ERDF) Programmes – e.g. social innovation
Health for Growth – inequalities are identified as an
objective – access to medical expertise, info for
specific conditions beyond national borders, improve
healthcare quality
Europe for Citizens –Citizenship/democracy
My contact details…
Michelle Armstrong
EU Connects Associate
michelle.armstrong@eelga.gov.uk
Tel: 07709 483445
Funding
Opportunities
for
Roma & migrant
communities
What do we fund?
• project funder (up to three years)
• exploring histories of individuals and communities
• collections of items, archives or other materials
• creative activities that enable people to learn about
heritage
• historic anniversaries
Who do we fund?
• not for profit organisations
Our grant
programmes
The slides that follow describe a selection of our
current programmes
For a full list, please visit
http://www.hlf.org.uk
Sharing Heritage
£3,000 - £10,000
Grants to help share and explore
community heritage
Projects lasting up to 12 months
NO fixed match-funding
requirement
One short application form
Apply at any time
Decision in around 10 weeks
Any not-for-profit group can apply
Our Heritage
£10,000 to £100,000
Grants to help share and explore
community heritage
Projects lasting up to 3 years
NO fixed match-funding
requirement
One application form
Apply at any time
Decision in around 10 weeks
Any not-for-profit group can apply,
local authorities
& partnerships
Young Roots
£10,000 to £50,000
Grants to help young people (11 to
25) take part in heritage activities
Projects lasting up to 3 years
NO fixed match-funding
requirement
One application form
Apply at any time
Decision in around 10 weeks
projects MUST be a partnership
between a youth body and
a heritage organisation
Heritage Grants
£100,000 upwards
Projects lasting up to 3
years
Two stage application
Quarterly deadlines,
decisions within 3 months
Match funding is required
What we look for: Project Outcomes
This is the difference your project will make with HLF
funding. We look for the changes you will make for:
• Heritage
• People
• Communities
Outcomes we require are different for each programme.
BUT
ALL projects must enable people to learn about heritage!
Before you apply:
• Call us! Outline your idea and get some
initial feedback
• Complete a short project enquiry form on our
website: www.hlf.org.uk
• We will respond within around 10 working
days with advice to help you develop a full
application
• We can offer face-to-face advice sessions:
see our website for details! www.hlf.org.uk
Contact us
Rachel Fuller, Development Officer
01223 224880
rachelf@hlf.org.uk
@HLFEoE
Heritage Lottery Fund
Terrington House
13-15 Hills Road
Cambridge
CB2 1NL