Tracing Phylogeny
Chapter 25, Campbell Biology 7th edition, Summary Quiz
1. If humans and pandas belong to the same class, then they must also belong to
the same
a. order
b. phylum
c. family
d. genus
e. species
2. Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, as do extinct
species U, V, and A grouping of species T, X, and Z make up
a. a valid taxon
b. a monophyletic grouping
c. a paraphyletic grouping
d. a polyphyletic grouping
e. an ingroup for comparison with species U as the outgroup
3. In a comparison of birds with mammals, having four appendages is
a. a shared primitive character
b. a shared derived character
c. a character useful for distinguishing the birds from mammals
d. an example of analogy rather than homology
e. a character useful for sorting bird species
4. How would one apply the principle of parsimony to the construction of a
phylogenetic tree?
a. choose the tree that assumes all evolutionary changes are equally
probable.
b. choose the tree in which the branch points are based on as many shared
derived characters as possible.
c. base photogenic trees only on the fossil record, as this provides the
simplest explanation for evolution.
d. choose the tree that represents the fewest evolutionary changes, either
in DNA sequence or morphology.
e. choose the tree with the fewest branch points.
5. What would be the source of data determining phylogenetic relationships of
lineages or protists that diverged hundreds of millions of years ago?
a. fossils from the Proterozoic eon
b. morphological characters that are shared and derived
c. amino acid sequences of their various chlorophyll molecules
d. mtDNA sequences
e. rRNA gene sequences
Tracing Phylogeny
6. If you are using cladistics analysis to build a phylogenetic tree of cats, which
of the following would make the best outgroup?
a. lion
b. domestic cat
c. wolf
d. leopard
e. tiger
7. Which of the following would be most useful for constructing a phylogenetic
tree for several fish species?
a. several analogous characteristics shared by all the fishes
b. a single homologous characteristic shared by all the fishes
c. the total degree of morphological similarity among various fish species
d. several characteristics thought to have evolved after different fishes
derived from one another
e. a single characteristic that is different in all the fishes
8. The relative lengths of the amphibian and mouse branches in the phylogram
in Figure 25.12 (page 499) indicate that
a. amphibians evolved before mice.
b. mice evolved before amphibians.
c. the genes of amphibians and mice only have coincidental homoplasies.
d. the homologous gene has evolved more rapidly in amphibians.
e. the homologous gene has evolved more rapidly in mice.
9. Choose the pair of orthologous genes from the following list:
a. human x hemoglobin and chimpanzee x hemoglobin genes
b. two alleles of the human x hemoglobin gene
c. mouse insulin gene and yeast mating gene
d. two different rat olfactory receptor genes
e. the multiple copies of rRNA genes in eukaryotic genome
10. The recent estimate that HIV-1 M first jumped from chimpanzees to humans
in the 1930s is based on
a. the first clinical evidence of AIDS recorded in local village records in
Africa.
b. a molecular clock that used changes in sequence of an HIV gene sampled
from patients over the past 40 years to project backward to an estimated
origin.
c. a comparison of homozygous gene in HIV gene found in chimpanzees and
in humans.
d. a parsimonious explanation of evolutionary relationships between the
various strains of the HIV virus found in humans at the present time.
e. the discovery of HIV in a blood sample from the 1930s.