1 Name: ________________________________ Date: _________________________________ TERMS AND CONCEPTS REVIEW WORKSHEETS FOOD CHAINS 1. A _________________ is a sequence of feeding relationships which describes which organism eats another. Any arrow in a food chain always points towards the organism doing the _________________ . 2. In most food chains, the original source of energy comes from _________________ . Producers can use this energy to produce food for themselves through a process called _________________. On land, these producers are land plants but in the water these producers are called _________________ which are microscopic photosynthetic organisms in the water. 3. Organisms that cannot produce their own food are called _________________ . They must obtain food by eating other organisms. There are different types of consumers based on where they are placed in a food chain. The first level of consumer is called a _________________ consumer and it eats the producers. The second level of consumer is called a _________________ consumer and it eats the ____________________________ . The third level of consumer is called a _________________ consumer and it eats the _____________________________ . The fourth level of consumer is called a _________________ consumer and it eats the _____________________________ . 4. Any organism at the top of its food chain is called a _______________________ because it is _____ hunted by any other organism for food. Three examples of these organisms are: _______________________________________________________________________________________. 5. All organisms will eventually ________ at the end of their life cycle. The waste material and remains they leave behind is called _________________ . This would pile up in an ecosystem if it were not for organisms called _________________ which break it down into _________________ which are needed for organisms to _________________ and _________________ their bodies. 6. Nutrients created by decomposers go into the soil and get absorbed by _________________ which use them to make their own bodies. Thus the cycle in a food chain can restart. 7. In some food chains, like in hydrothermal vent ecosystems, the energy does not originate from _________________. There are no photosynthetic producers to begin the food chain. Instead, the producers are _________________ who are non-­‐photosynthetic, but they can generate their own energy from the _________________ found around the vents. 2 8. Label the following members of this food chain with these words: secondary consumer, quaternary consumer, producer, primary consumer, top carnivore, herbivore and tertiary consumer. Some organisms will have more than one label. HUMANS AND FOOD CHAINS 9. In any food chain where humans are a link, humans take the position of the _______________________ because we are not hunted for food by any other animal. When we eat plants, we are_________________ consumers and when we eat animals like cows and chickens, this makes us _________________ consumers. FOOD WEBS 10. A food ________ is a group of interconnected food chains. Since all members of a food web are interconnected, the extinction of one member of the web will _______________ the other members. TROPHIC LEVELS 11. A trophic level is the _________________ an organism occupies in a food chain. Each link in the chain represents one trophic level. On the land, the first trophic level begins with producers called _________________ and in the water, the first trophic level begins with producers called __________________________ (except in hydrothermal vents). 12. When organisms are eaten, energy moves from the food source to the eater, thus energy moves up through trophic levels. However, when energy moves from one trophic level to the next only ___% of the energy is passed on. This energy is used to build _________________ and used to fuel __________________________. This means that ___% of the energy is lost when energy is transferred to the next trophic level. This loss comes in the form of _________________ and _________________. 3 13. For the following food chain, label the trophic levels from the first trophic level to the fifth. 14. In the above diagram, if the plants contain 2000 kJ of energy, the ant will only get 200 kJ of energy. By the time you get to the mink, how much of the plants energy will the mink be able to receive? Do your calculations below. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS 15. Use the three diagrams below to help you answer the following questions on ecological pyramids. a) A pyramid of energy always looks like Diagram ___ because energy always _________________ as you move up trophic levels. b) A pyramid of _________________ depicts the amount of dry matter of organisms in each trophic level. Pyramids of biomass on land look like Diagram ___ but pyramids of biomass in marine food chains often look like Diagram ___. c) A pyramid of numbers depicts the _________________ of organisms in each trophic level. This pyramid usually looks like Diagram ___ when the producers are small and more numerous than the primary consumers, however, if the producers are larger and less numerous than the primary consumers, the diagram looks like Diagram ___.