TECHNICAL DATA
CONTENTS
•
STEEL FLANGE BOLT CHART
•
MECHANICAL JOINTS T-HEAD BOLT CHART
•
FLANGE THICKNESS CHARTS PAGES 1 & 2
•
GASKET DIMENSIONS
•
WRENCH SIZE CHARTS
•
DECIMAL CONVERSION CHART
•
INSUSTRY STANDARDS
•
HEX BOLTS AND NUTS
•
HEAVY HEX BOLTS AND NUTS
•
WASHERS PAGES 1 & 2
•
WATER WORKS T-HEAD BOLTS
•
OVAL NECK TRACK BOLTS
•
A325 BOLTS
•
COATINGS
•
PROPER FLANGE BOLTING PAGES 1 & 2
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
STEEL FLANGE BOLT CHART
CLASS
150 LB
Chart may be used for:
C110 DIP/DIP E4 x E4
E4 x (valve) in some cases
PIPE
QTY OF
DIAMETER BOLTS
1"
4
1 1/4"
4
1 1/2"
4
2"
4
2 1/2"
4
3"
4
4"
8
5"
8
6"
8
8"
8
10"
12
12"
12
14"
12
16"
16
18"
16
20"
20
22"
20
24"
20
30"
28
36"
32
42"
36
48"
44
54"
44
60"
52
72"
60
84"
64
96"
68
108"
72
BOLT SIZE
1/2 -
13 x 1 3/4"
1/2 - 13 x 2"
1/2 - 13 x 2"
5/8 - 11 x 2 1/4"
5/8 - 11 x 2 1/2"
5/8 - 11 x 2 1/2"
5/8 - 11 x 3"
3/4 - 10 x 3"
3/4 - 10 x 3 1/4 "
3/4 - 10 x 3 1/2 "
7/8 - 9 x 3 3/4"
7/8 - 9 x 4"
1 - 8 x 4 1/4"
1 - 8 x 4 1/2"
1 1/8 - 7 x 4 3/4"
1 1/8 - 7 x 5"
1 1/4 - 7 x 5 1/2"
1 1/4 - 7 x 5 1/2"
1 1/4 - 7 x 6 1/4"
1 1/2 - 6 x 7"
1 1/2 - 6 x 7 1/2 "
1 1/2 - 6 x 7 3/4"
1 3/4 - 5 x 8 1/2"
1 3/4 - 5 x 8 3/4"
1 3/4 - 5 x 9 1/2"
2 - 4.5 x 10 1/2 "
2 1/4 - 4.5 x 11 1/2"
2 1/2 - 4 x 14"
CLASS
300 LB
PIPE
QTY OF
DIAMETER BOLTS
1"
4
1 1/4"
4
1 1/2"
4
2"
8
2 1/2"
8
3"
8
3 1/2"
8
4"
8
5"
8
6"
12
8"
12
10"
16
12"
16
14"
20
16"
20
18"
24
20"
24
24"
24
30"
28
36"
32
42"
36
48"
40
Table 6
FxF
BOLT SIZE
5/8 -
11 x 2 1/2"
5/8 -11 x 2 1/2"
5/8-11 x 2 3/4"
5/8 - 11 x 2 3/4"
3/4 - 10 x 3 1/4 "
3/4 - 10 x 3 1/2 "
3/4 - 10 x 3 1/2 "
3/4 - 10 x 3 3/4"
3/4 - 10 x 4"
3/4 - 10 x 4"
7/8 - 9 x 4 1/2 "
1 - 8 x 5 1/4"
1 1/8 - 7 x 5 1/2"
1 1/8 - 7 x 6"
1 1/4 - 7 x 6 1/4"
1 1/4 - 7 x 6 1/2"
1 1/4 - 7 x 6 3/4"
1 1/2 - 6 x 7 3/4"
1 3/4 - 5 x 8 1/2"
2 - 4.5 x 9 1/2"
2 - 4.5 x 10 1/4"
2 - 4.5 x 10 3/4"
T-HEAD BOLTING CHART
AWWA C110
MECHANICAL JOINTS
NOM
PIPE
SIZE
NO.
BOLTS
DIAMETER
& LENGTH
2”
2
5/8 X 3
3”
4
5/8 X 3
4”
4
3/4 X 3 1/2
6”
6
3/4 X 3 1/2
8”
6
3/4 X 4
10”
8
3/4 X 4
12”
8
3/4 X 4
14”
10
3/4 X 4 1/2
16”
12
3/4 X 4 1/2
18”
12
3/4 X 4 1/2
20”
14
3/4 X 4 1/2
24”
16
3/4 X 5
30”
20
1X6
36”
24
1X6
42”
28
1 1/4 X 6
48”
32
1 1/4 x 6
TRIPAC FASTENERS IS A MEMBER OF THE AWWA AND HAS THE TECHNICAL
EXPERTISE TO ASSIST YOU IN SELECTING THE PROPER MATERIALS FOR YOU
NEEDS. CALL OR FAX FOR QUOTES, ADITIONAL INFORMATION, SPECIAL
ORDERS OR FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
FLANGE THICKNESS CHARTS
Steel Pipe Flanges For Waterworks Service
125/150
* Information extracted from
AWWA C207-94
NOM PIPE
SIZE
BOLT
SIZE
1
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
84
90
96
102
108
120
144
1/2
1/2
5/8
5/8
5/8
5/8
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
7/8
1
1
1 1/8
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 1/2
1 3/4
1 3/4
1 3/4
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 1/2
2 3/4
3 1/4
* Table 4 may be used for valve
thickness calculation in some cases
TABLE 2
CLASS
E
ANSI
SLIP ON
FLANGE
CLASS
B
CLASS
B
CLASS
D
—
—
—
—
—
1.125
1.188
1.313
1.500
1.563
1.750
1.875
2.000
2.125
2.375
2.625
2.875
3.125
3.125
3.500
3.750
3.875
4.250
4.375
4.750
5.125
5.125
5.500
5.500
5.875
6.750
0.563
0.688
0.750
0.875
0.938
0.938
0.938
1.000
1.125
1.188
1.250
1.375
1.438
1.562
1.688
1.875
2.125
2.375
2.375
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.625
0.625
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.500
1.625
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.250
2.500
2.500
2.750
3.250
—
—
—
—
—
0.500
0.562
0.562
0.562
0.688
0.688
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
1.000
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.375
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
0.500
0.562
0.562
0.562
0.688
0.688
0.750
0.750
0.750
0.750
1.000
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.375
1.500
1.500
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.000
—
—
—
—
TABLE 2
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
NO. BOLTS
CLASS
D
CLASS
E
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
28
32
36
44
44
52
52
60
64
68
68
72
72
76
84
—
—
—
—
—
0.625
0.625
0.688
0.688
0.688
0.812
0.938
1.000
1.062
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.625
1.750
1.875
2.125
2.250
2.500
2.625
2.875
3.000
3.250
3.250
3.375
3.500
4.125
—
—
—
—
—
0.938
0.938
1.000
1.125
1.188
1.250
1.375
1.438
1.562
1.688
1.875
2.125
2.375
2.375
2.750
3.000
3.125
3.375
3.500
3.875
4.250
4.250
—
—
—
—
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TABLE 3
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
FLANGE THICKNESS CHARTS
Steel Pipe Flanges For Waterworks Service
125/150
NOM
AWWA C110
AWWA C153
BLIND FLANGES
NO .
PIPE BOLT SIZE
DUCTILE AND GRAY DUCTILE IRON
BOLTS CLASS B CLASS D CLASS E
SIZE
IRON FITTINGS COMPACT FITTINGS
3
5/8
4
—
—
—
0.75 ± .12 in.
0.60 ± .12 in.
4
5/8
8
0.625
0.625
1.125
0.94 ± .12 in.
0.63 ± .12 in.
6
3/4
8
0.688
0.692
1.313
1.00 ± .12 in.
0.63 ± .12 in.
8
3/4
8
0.688
0.805
1.500
1.12 ± .12 in.
0.70 ± .12 in.
10
7/8
12
0.688
0.947
1.563
1.19 ± .12 in.
0.75 ± .12 in.
12
7/8
12
0.752
1.110
1.750
1.25 ± .12 in.
0.81 ± .12 in.
14
1
12
0.835
1.127
1.875
1.38 ± .19 in.
0.87 ± .19 in.
16
1
16
0.941
1.258
2.000
1.44 ± .19 in.
0.90 ± .19 in.
18
1 1/8
16
1.013
1.326
2.125
1.56 ± .19 in.
0.93 ± .19 in.
20
1 1/8
20
1.108
1.442
2.375
1.69 ± .19 in.
0.96 ± .19 in.
24
1 1/4
20
1.275
1.657
2.625
1.88 ± .19 in.
1.00 ± .19 in.
30
1 1/4
28
1.530
2.003
2.875
2.12 ± .25 in. 2.12 ± .25 in.
36
1 1/2
32
1.834
2.369
3.344
2.38 ± .25 in.
2.38 ± .25 in.
42
1 1/2
36
2.084
2.725
3.789
2.62 ± .25 in.
2.62 ± .25 in.
48
1 1/2
44
2.341
3.067
4.246
2.75 ± .25 in.
2.75 ± .25 in.
54
1 3/4
44
2.634
3.431
4.776
—
—
60
1 3/4
52
2.892
3.774
5.236
—
—
66
1 3/4
52
3.139
4.132
5.674
—
—
72
1 3/4
60
3.399
4.476
6.137
—
—
250/300
NOM PIPE
SIZE
1
1 1/2
2
2 1/2
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
36
42
48
BOLT SIZE
NO. BOLTS
5/8
3/4
5/8
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/4
1 1/2
1 3/4
2
2
2
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
16
16
20
20
24
24
24
28
32
36
40
TABLE 6
CLASS F
—
—
—
—
—
1.130
1.210
1.310
1.310
1.500
1.630
1.940
2.140
2.250
2.330
2.690
3.150
3.460
3.810
4.500
ANSI SLIP ON
FLANGES
0.688
0.813
0.875
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1.438
1.625
1.875
2.000
2.125
2.250
2.375
2.500
2.750
—
—
—
—
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
BLIND FLANGES
CLASS F
—
—
—
—
—
1.125
—
1.316
1.316
1.534
1.730
1.938
2.139
2.294
2.401
2.799
3.419
4.017
4.450
4.991
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
ANSI GASKET DIMENSIONS
ANSI GASKET SIZE
CL 125/150
Flange
Size
RING
ID
RING
OD
FULL FACE
ID
FULL FACE
OD
2”
2 3/8
4 1/8
2 3/8
6
2 1/2”
2 7/8
4 7/8
2 7/8
7
3”
3 1/2
5 3/8
3 1/2
7 1/2
4”
4 /2
6 7/8
4 1/2
9
5”
5 9/16
7 3/4
5 9/16
10
6”
6 5/8
8 3/4
6 5/8
11
8”
8 5/8
11
8 5/8
13 1/2
10”
10 3/4
13 3/8
10 3/4
16
12”
12 3/4
16 1/8
12 3/4
19
14”
14
17 3/4
14
21
16”
16
20 1/4
16
23 1/2
18”
18
21 5/8
18
25
20”
20
23 7/8
20
27 1/2
24”
24
28 1/4
24
32
30”
30
34 3/4
30
38 3/4
36”
36
41 1/4
36
46
42”
42
48
42
53
48”
48
54 1/2
48
59 1/2
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
WRENCH SIZE CHARTS
This chart may be used for
This chart may be used for
HEX Bolts & Nuts A307 Gr. A, Gr. 5,
HEAVY Hex Bolts & Nuts A307 Gr. B,
ASTM F593/F594 Type 304 & 316
BOLT AND NUT
DIAMETER
WRENCH SIZE
1/4
5/16
7/16
1/2
0.4375
0.5000
3/8
7/16
9/16
5/8
0.5625
0.6250
1/2
9/16
3/4
13/16
5/8
A325, A193 B7, B8 (304), B8M (316) Stainless
BOLT AND NUT
DIAMETER
WRENCH SIZE
1/2
7/8
0.8750
5/8
1 1/16
1.0625
3/4
1 1/4
1.2500
0.7500
0.8125
7/8
1 7/16
1.4375
15/16
0.9375
1
1 5/8
1.6250
3/4
7/8
1 1/8
1 5/16
1.1250
1.3125
1 1/8
1 13/16
1.8125
1
1 1/2
1.500
1 1/4
2
2.0000
1 1/8
1 11/16
1.6875
1 1/4
1 7/8
1.8750
1 3/8
2 3/16
2.1875
1 3/8
2 1/16
2.0625
1 1/2
2 3/8
2.3750
1 1/2
2 1/4
2.2500
1 5/8
2 9/16
2.5625
1 5/8
2 7/16
2.4375
1 3/4
2 5/8
2.6250
1 3/4
2 3/4
2.7500
1 7/8
2 13/16
2.8125
1 7/8
2 15/16
2.9375
2
3
3.000
2 1/4
3 3/8
3.3750
2
3 1/8
3.1250
2 1/2
3 3/4
3.7500
2 1/4
3 1/2
3.5000
2 3/4
1 1/8
4.1250
3
4 1/2
4.5000
2 1/2
3 7/8
3.8750
3 1/4
4 7/8
4.8750
2 3/4
4 1/4
4.2500
3 1/2
5 1/4
5.2500
3 3/4
5 5/8
5.6250
3
4 5/8
4.6250
4
6
6.0000
3 1/4
5
5.0000
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
DECIMAL CONVERSION CHART
FRACTIONS
DECIMALS
FRACTIONS
DECIMALS
FRACTIONS
DECIMALS
1/64
.015625
23/64
.359375
45/64
.703125
1/32
.03125
3/8
.3750
23/32
.71875
3/64
.046875
25/64
.390625
47/64
.734375
1/16
.0625
13/32
.40625
3/4
.7500
5/64
.078125
27/64
.421875
49/64
.765625
3/32
.09375
7/16
.4375
25/32
.78125
7/64
.109375
29/64
.453125
51/64
.796875
1/8
.1250
15/32
.46875
13/16
.8125
9/64
.140625
31/64
.484375
53/64
.828125
5/32
.15625
1/2
.5000
27/32
.84375
11/64
.171875
33/64
.515625
55/64
.859375
3/16
.1875
17/32
.53125
7/8
.8750
13/64
.203125
35/64
.546875
57/64
.890625
7/32
.21875
9/16
.5625
29/32
.90625
15/64
.234375
37/64
.578125
59/64
.921875
1/4
.2500
19/32
.59375
15.32
.9375
17/64
.265625
39/64
.609375
61/64
.953125
9/32
.28125
5/8
.6250
31/32
.96875
19/64
.296875
41/64
.640625
63/64
.984375
5/16
.3125
21/32
.65625
1
1.000
21/64
.328125
43/64
.671875
11/32
.34375
11/16
.6875
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
INDUSTRY STANDARDS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
When strength requirements are moderate, low-carbon
steel is used. High-strength fasteners are made from
medium-high carbon or alloy steels and are heat treated
to develop desired properties.
ASTM & SAE HEAD
MARKINGS FOR BOLTS
ASTM—A307
GR A
A307 B
ASTM—A307 • Low or Medium Carbon Steel
GR B
Most fasteners are covered by specifications that define
required mechanical properties such as tensile strength,
yield strength, proof load and hardness.
• Tensile Strength: The maximum tensile stress in
pounds per sq in. which a material is capable of
sustaining, as developed by a tension test.
• Yield Strength: The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from the proportionality of
stress to strain. The deviation is expressed in terms
of strain, and in the offset method, usually a strain
of 0.2% is specified.
• Proof Load: The point to which a material may be
stressed without evidence of permanent deformation.
• Hardness: The resistance of a material to plastic
deformation. Usually measured in steels by the
Brinell, Rockwell, or Vickers indentation-hardness
test methods.
ASTM—J429
GR 5
ASTM—A193 • Chrom-Moly Steel
GR B7
Quenched & Tempered
A325
ASTM—A325 • Medium Carbon Steel
Type 1
Quenched & Tempered
Heat treatment covers various techniques that may be
used to develop certain end-product characteristics.
Customary procedures for fasteners include:
• Annealing: A thermal cycle involving heating to and
holding at a suitable temperature and then cooling
at a suitable rate, for such purposes as reducing
hardness, improving mechinability, facilitating cold
working, producing a desired microstructure, or
obtaining desired mechanical or other properties.
• Case Hardening: A term descriptive of one or more
processes of hardening steel in which the outer
portion, or case, is made substantially harder than
the inner portion, or core.
• Quenching and Tempering: Quenching is a thermal
process used to increase the hardness and strength
of steel. Tempering improves ductility and toughness but reduces the quenched hardness.
• Medium Carbon Steel
Quenched & Tempered
B7
HEAT PROPERTIES
• Stress Relieving: A thermal cycle involving heating
to a suitable temperature, usually 1000/1200°F,
holding long enough to reduce residual stresses
from either cold deformation or thermal treatment,
and then cooling slowly enough to minimize the
development of new residual stresses.
• Low or Medium Carbon Steel
A307 A
18-8
18 Chromium
8 Nickel
• “300” Series Stainless Steel
Same Material as T-304
T-304
or
F 593
C or D
ASTM—T 304 • “300” Series Stainless Steel
or
ASTM F 593 • Either Marking May Appear
T-316
or
F 593
G or H
ASTM—T 316
or
ASTM F 593
• “300” Series Stainless Steel
• Either Marking May Appear
B8
ASTM—A193 • Solution Treated 304 - 304L
Gr B8
Stainless Steel
B8M
ASTM—A193 • Solution Treated 316 - 316L
GR B8M
Stainless Steel
A D I V I S I O N OF T RIPAC M A R K E T I N G , IN C .
475 K LUG C IRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
HEX BOLTS & NUTS
Hex Bolts UNC 2A ANSI/ASME B18.2.1 • UNC 2B ANSI/ASME B18.2.2
This chart may be used for
A307 Grade A, SAE J429, and ASTM F593 Type 304 & 316 Stainless
NOMINAL SIZE OR
BASIC BOLT DIA
E
F
G
H
R
LT (REF)
BODY
DIA
WIDTH ACROSS
FLATS
WIDTH ACROSS
CORNERS
HEIGHT
RADIUS
OF FILLET
THREAD LENGTH
MAX
BASIC
MAX
MIN
MAX
MIN
BASIC
MAX
MIN
MAX
MIN
FOR BOLT
LENGTH < 6 IN.
FOR BOLT
LENGTH > 6 IN.
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.260
0.324
0.388
0.452
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
0.438 0.425
0.500 0.484
0.562 0.544
0.625 0.603
0.505
0.577
0.650
0.722
0.484
0.522
0.620
0.687
11/64 0.188 0.150
7/32 0.235 0.195
1/4 0.268 0.226
19/64 0.316 0.272
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.750
0.875
1.000
1.125
1.000
1.125
1.250
1.375
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
0.5000
0.6250
0.7500
0.8750
0.515
0.642
0.768
0.895
3/4
15/16
1 1/8
1
0.750 0.725
0.938 0.906
1.125 1.088
1.312 1.269
0.866
1.083
1.299
1.516
0.826
1.033
1.240
1.447
11/32 0.364 0.302
27/64 0.444 0.378
1/2 0.524 .0455
37/64 0.604 0.531
0.03
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.250
1.0000
1.1250
1.2500
1.3750
1.500
1.022
1.149
1.277
1.404
1.531
1 1/2 1.500 1.450 1.732 1.653
1
1.688 1.631 1.949 1.859
1 7/8 1.875 1.812 2.165 2.066
2
2.062 1.994 2.382 2.273
2 1/4 2.250 2.175 2.598 2.480
43/64 0.700 0.591
3/4 0.780 0.658
27/32 0.876 0.749
29/32 0.940 0.810
1
1.036 0.902
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
2.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
3.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
3.250
3.500
1
1
1
1
1
1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
Below 6” : 2x Dia. + 1/4 = T.L.
Above 6” : 2x Dia. + 1/2 = T.L.
Hex Nuts and Hex Jam Nuts ASTM A563/F594
NOMINAL SIZE OR
BASIC BOLT DIA
F
G
H
H1
WIDTH ACROSS
FLATS
WIDTH ACROSS
CORNERS
THICKNESS
HEX NUTS
THICKNESS
HEX JAM NUTS
BASIC
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.5000
0.5625
0.6250
0.7500
0.8750
1.0000
1.1250
1.2500
MAX
MIN
7/16 0.438 0.428
1/2
0.500 0.489
9/16 0.562 0.551
11/16 0.688 0.675
3/4
0.750 0.736
7/8
0.875 0.861
15/16 0.938 0.922
1 1/8 1.125 1.088
1 5/16 1.312 1.269
1 1/2 1.500 1.450
1
1.688 1.631
1 7/8 1.875 1.812
MAX
MIN
0.505
0.577
0.650
0.794
0.866
1.010
1.083
1.299
1.516
1.732
1.949
2.165
0.488
0.557
0.628
0.768
0.840
0.982
1.051
1.240
1.447
1.653
1.859
2.066
HEX NUTS WITH
SPECIFIED PROOF
LOADS LESS THAN
150,000 PSI AND ALL
HEX JAM NUTS
HEX NUTS WITH
SPECIFIED PROOF
LOADS EQUAL TO
150,000 PSI AND
GREATER
MIN
MAX
MAX
0.150
0.180
0.210
0.240
0.302
0.301
0.363
0.398
0.458
0.519
0.579
0.687
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.021
0.023
0.025
0.027
0.030
0.033
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.022
0.025
0.028
1.20 1.13 25/3 0.815 0.747
1.31 1.24 27/3 0.880 0.808
0.036
0.039
0.031
0.034
BASIC MAX MIN BASIC MAX
7/32
17/64
21/64
3/8
7/16
31/64
35/64
41/64
3/4
55/64
31/32
1
1 3/8 1.3750 2 1/16 2.062 1.994 2.382 2.273 1
1 1/2 1.5000 2 1/4 2.250 2.175 2.598 2.480 1
RUNOUT OF BEARING SURFACE-FIR
0.22
0.27
0.33
0.38
0.44
0.49
0.55
0.66
0.77
0.88
0.99
1.09
0.21
0.25
0.32
0.36
0.42
0.47
0.53
0.61
0.72
0.83
0.93
1.03
5/32
3/16
7/32
1/4
5/16
5/16
3/8
27/6
31/6
35/6
39/6
23/3
0.164
0.195
0.227
0.260
0.323
0.324
0.387
0.446
0.510
0.575
0.639
0.751
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
HEAVY HEX BOLTS & NUTS
Heavy Hex Bolts UNC 2A ANSI/ASME B18.2.1 • UNC 2B ANSI/ASME B18.2.2
This chart may be used for
A307 Grade B, A193 B7, B8 (304), and B8M (316) Stainless
NOMINAL SIZE OR
BASIC BOLT DIA
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
0.5000
0.6250
0.7500
0.8750
1.0000
1.1250
1.2500
1.3750
1.5000
1.7500
2.0000
2.2500
2.5000
2.7500
3.0000
E
BODY
DIA
M AX
0.515
0.642
0.768
0.895
1.022
1.149
1.277
1.404
1.531
1.785
2.039
2.305
2.559
2.827
3.081
F
W IDTH ACROSS
FLATS
BASIC M AX M IN
7/8
1 1/16
1 1/4
1 7/16
1 5/8
1
2
2 3/16
2 3/8
2 3/4
3 1/8
3 1/2
3 7/8
4 1/4
4 5/8
G
W IDTH ACROSS
CORNERS
M AX
M IN
0.875 0.850
1.062 1.031
1.250 1.212
1.438 1.394
1.625 1.575
1.812 1.756
2.000 1.938
2.188 2.119
2.375 2.300
2.750 2.662
3.125 3.025
3.500 3.388
3.875 3.750
4.250 4.112
4.625 4.475
1.010
1.227
1.443
1.660
1.876
2.093
2.309
2.526
2.742
3.175
3.608
4.041
4.474
4.907
5.340
0.969
1.175
1.383
1.589
1.796
2.002
2.209
2.416
2.622
3.035
3.449
3.862
4.275
4.688
5.102
H
HEIGHT
BASIC
M AX
R
RADIUS
OF FILLET
M AX M IN
M IN
11/32 0.364 0.302
27/64 0.444 0.378
1/2
0.524 0.455
37/64 0.604 0.531
43/64 0.700 0.591
3/4
0.780 0.658
27/32 0.876 0.749
29/32 0.940 0.810
1
1.036 0.902
1 5/32 1.196 1.054
1
1.388 1.175
1 1/2 1.548 1.327
1
1.708 1.479
1
1.869 1.632
2
2.060 1.815
0.03
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.12
0.12
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
LT (R EF)
THREAD LENGTH
FOR BOLT
FOR BOLT
LENGTH < 6 IN .
LENGTH > 6 IN .
1.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
3.250
3.750
4.250
4.750
5.250
5.750
6.250
1.500
1.750
2.000
2.250
2.500
2.750
3.000
3.250
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
5.500
6.000
6.500
Below 6” : 2x Dia. + 1/4 = T.L.
Above 6” : 2x Dia. + 1/2 = T.L.
Heavy Hex Nuts and Hex Jam Nuts ASTM A563 & A194 2H
NOMINAL SIZE OR
BASIC BOLT DIA
F
G
H
H1
W IDTH ACROSS
FLATS
W IDTH ACROSS
CORNERS
THICKNESS
HEAVY HEX NUTS
RUNOUT OF BEARING SURFACE-FIR
HEX NUTS WITH
HEX NUTS WITH
SPECIFIED PROOF
THICKNESS
SPECIFIED PROOF LOADS
LOADS EQUAL TO
HEAVY HEX JAM NUTS LESS THAN 150,000 PSI 150,000
PSI AND
AND ALL HEX JAM NUTS
GREATER
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 5/8
1 3/4
1 7/8
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
3 1/4
.2500
0.3125
0.3750
0.4375
0.5000
0.5625
0.6250
0.7500
0.8750
1.0000
1.1250
1.2500
1.3750
1.5000
1.6250
1.7500
1.8750
2.0000
2.2500
2.5000
2.7500
3.0000
3.2500
BASIC
1/2
9/16
11/16
3/4
7/8
15/16
1
1 1/4
1
1 5/8
1
2
2
2 3/8
2
2 3/4
2
3 1/8
3 1/2
3 7/8
4 1/4
4 5/8
5
M AX M IN
0.500 0.488
0.562 0.546
0.688 0.669
0.750 0.728
0.875 0.850
0.938 0.909
1.062 1.031
1.250 1.212
1.438 1.394
1.625 1.575
1.812 1.756
2.000 1.938
2.188 2.119
2.375 2.300
2.562 2.481
2.750 2.662
2.938 2.844
3.125 3.025
3.500 3.388
3.875 3.750
4.250 4.112
4.625 4.475
5.000 4.838
M AX
0.577
0.650
0.794
0.866
1.010
1.083
1.227
1.443
1.660
1.876
2.093
2.309
2.526
2.742
2.959
3.175
3.392
3.608
40.41
4.474
4.907
5.340
5.774
M IN
0.556
0.622
0.763
0.830
0.9691
1.037
1.175
1.382
1.589
1.796
2.002
2.209
2.416
2.622
2.828
3.035
3.242
3.449
3.862
4.275
4.688
5.102
5.515
BASIC
15/64
19/64
23/64
27/64
31/64
35/64
39/64
47/64
55/64
63/64
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
M AX
0.25
0.31
0.37
0.44
0.50
0.56
0.63
0.75
0.88
1.01
1.13
1.25
1.37
1.50
1.63
1.75
1.88
2.01
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.01
3.25
M IN
0.21
0.28
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.71
0.83
0.95
1.07
1.18
1.31
1.43
1.55
1.67
1.80
1.92
2.15
2.40
2.64
2.89
3.12
BASIC
11/64
13/64
15/64
17/64
19/64
21/64
23/64
27/64
31/64
35/64
39/64
23/32
25/32
27/32
29/32
31/31
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
M AX
0.188
0.220
0.252
0.285
0.317
0.349
0.381
0.446
0.510
0.575
0.639
0.751
0.815
0.880
0.944
1.009
1.073
1.138
1.251
1.505
1.634
1.763
1.876
M IN
0.156
0.186
0.216
0.247
0.277
0.307
0.337
0.398
0.458
0.519
0.579
0.687
0.747
0.808
0.868
0.929
0.989
1.050
1.155
1.401
1.522
1.643
1.748
M AX
0.017
0.020
0.021
0.022
0.029
0.031
0.033
0.035
0.029
0.031
0.033
0.035
0.038
0.041
0.044
0.048
0.074
0.081
0.080
0.094
0.074
0.081
0.087
M AX
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.022
0.024
0.027
0.030
0.022
0.024
0.027
0.030
0.033
0.036
0.038
0.041
0.064
0.070
0.075
0.081
0.064
0.070
0.075
WASHERS
USS Steel Flat Washers
Commonly used with carbon steel bolting and all
thread studs, such as A307 Grade A or B.
NOMINAL SIZE
ACTUAL
ID
3/16
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/8
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 5/8
1 3/4
1 7/8”
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
9/16
5/8
11/16
13/16
15/16
1 1/16
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 5/8
1 3/4
1 7/8
2
2 1/8
2 3/8
2 5/8
2 7/8
3 1/8
ACTUAL
OD
9/16
3/4
7/8
1
1 1/4
1 3/8
1 1/2
1 3/4
2
2 1/4
2 1/2
2 3/4
3
3 1/4
3 1/2
3 3/4
4
4 1/4
4 1/2
4 3/4
5
5 1/4
5 1/2
THICKNESS
GAUGE
18 (3/64)
16 (1/16)
14 (5/64)
14 (5/64)
14 (5/64)
12 (7/64)
12 (7/64)
10 (9/64)
9 (5/32)
8 (11/64)
8 (11/64)
8 (11/64)
8 (11/64)
7 (3/16)
7 (3/16)
7 (3/16)
7 (3/16)
7 (3/16)
7 (3/16)
5 (7/32)
4 (15/64)
3 (1/4)
2 (17/64)
SAE Steel Flat Washers
SAE washers have smaller inside and outside
diameters and are commonly used with carbon
steel bolts and studs.
ACTUAL
ID
ACTUAL
OD
THICKNESS
GAUGE
6 (1/8)
8 (5/32)
5/32
3/16
3/8
7/16
18 (3/64)
18 (3/64)
10
7/32
1/2
18 (3/64)
12
1/4
9/16
18 (3/64)
1/4
9/32
5/8
16 (1/16)
5/16
11/32
11/16
16 (1/16)
3/8
13/32
13/16
16 (1/16)
7/16
15/32
59/64
16 (1/16)
1/2
17/32
1 1/16
13 (3/32)
NOMINAL SIZE
9/16
19/32
1 3/16
13 (3/32)
5/8
21/32
1 5/16
13 (3/32)
3/4
13/16
1 1/2
10 (9/64)
7/8
15/16
1 3/4
10 (9/64)
1
1 1/16
2
10 (9/64)
1 1/8
1 3/16
2 1/4
10 (9/64)
1 1/4
1 5/16
2 1/2
9 (5/32)
1 3/8
1 7/16
2 3/4
9 (5/32)
1 1/2
1 9/16
3
9 (5/32)
Fender Washers
Fender washers have a larger outside
diameter than other steel washers.
NOMINAL SIZE
Washers are intended for general use
with bolt, nut, and stud applications to
provide increased bearing surface,
spacing and to prevent galling. Unless
otherwise specified, the washers are
furnished with dimensions conforming to
ANSI B.18.22.1.
* ASTM Designation: F844-90,
page 265, 1.2-1.3
* Available in plain, zinc plated,
HDG, Tripac 2000 Blue Coating System
THICKNESS
GAUGE
1/8
3/16
1
1
.062/.080
.062/.080
3/16
1 1/8
.062/.080
3/16
1 1/4
.062/.080
1/4
1
.062/.080
1/4
1 1/4
.062/.080
1/4
1 1/2
.062/.080
5/16
1 1/4
.062/.080
5/16
1 1/2
.062/.080
3/8
1 1/4
.062/.080
3/8
1 1/2
.062/.080
3/8
2
.096/.116
1/2
1 1/2
.062/.080
1/2
2
.062/.080
1/2
2
.096/.116
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
ACTUAL
OD
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
WASHERS
Stainless Steel Washers
With Large and Small I.D./O.D.
Commonly used with stainless
steel bolts and studs such as
ASTM F593, A193, B8 & B8M.
ASTM F436 (A325) Washers
Commonly used with alloy steel,
high strength bolting and studs,
such as ASTM A193B7, SAE J429
& Grade 8, A325 & A490.
NOMINAL
SIZE
ACTUAL
ID
ACTUAL
OD
THICKNESS
GAUGE
A
B
T
NOMINAL
SIZE
ACTUAL
ID
ACTUAL
OD
THICKNESS
GAUGE
A
B
T
1/4
5/16
9/32
11/32
5/8
11/16
.051/.08
.051/.08
1/4
5/16
.281
.343
5/8
3/4
.050
.050
3/8
13/32
13/16
.051/.08
3/8
.406
7/8
.050
7/16
15/32
59/64
.051/.08
3/8
.406
1
.050
1/2
17.32
1 1/16
.097/.17
7/16
.500
1 1/8
.062
5/8
11/16
1 5/16
.122/.17
1/2
.531
1 1/4
.062
3/4
13/16
1
.122/.17
5/8
.687
1 5/16
.078
7/8
15/16
1 3/4
.136/.17
5/8
.687
1 1/2
.078
1
1 1/8
2
.136/.17
3/4
.812
1 1/2
.109
1 1/8
1 1/4
2 1/4
.136/.17
3/4
.812
1 3/4
.109
1 1/4
1 3/8
2 1/2
.136/.17
3/4
.812
1 7/8
.109
1 3/8
1 1/2
2 3/4
.136/.17
7/8
.937
1 3/4
.109
1 1/2
1 5/8
3
.136/.17
7/8
.937
1 7/8
.109
1 3/4
1 7/8
3 3/8
.178/.28
1
1.062
2
.125
2
2 1/8
3 3/4
.178/.28
1
1.062
2 1/4
.125
2 1/4
2 3/8
4
.24/.34
1
1.062
2 1/2
.125
2 1/2
2 5/8
4 1/2
.24/.34
1 1/8
1.187
2 1/4
.125
2 3/4
2 7/8
5
.24/.34
1 1/8
1.187
2 1/2
.125
3
3 1/8
5 1/2
.24/.34
1 1/4
1.312
2 1/4
.125
3 1/4
3 3/8
6
.24/.34
1 1/4
1.312
2 3/4
.125
1 1/2
1.562
2 3/4
.140
1 1/2
1.562
3 1/4
.140
1 3/4
1.812
3 1/2
.140
2
2.125
3 3/4
.187
2
2.125
4
.187
Washers are intended for
general use with bolt, nut, and
stud applications to provide
increased bearing surface,
spacing and to prevent galling.
Unless otherwise specified, the
washers are furnished with
dimensions conforming to
ANSI B.18.22.1.
B
T
A
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
WATER WORKS T-HEAD BOLTS
ANSI/AWWA C111/A21.11.95
ANSI/ASME B1.1 CLASS 2A, B1.2 CLASS 2B
DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION
A
UN THREADED
SHANK
+ 0.030
- 0.074
B
5/8 - 11 x 3
1.50
0.625
3.0
2.00
0.625
0.312 0.625 ± 0.04 1.062 ± 0.00 - 0.04
5/8 - 11 x 5
1.75
0.625
5.0
2.00
0.625
0.312 0.625 ± 0.04 1.062 ± 0.00 - 0.04
3/4 - 10 x 3 1/2
1.75
0.750
3.5
2.50
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - 10 x 4
1.75
0.750
4.0
3.00
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - 10 x 4 1/2
1.75
0.750
4.5
3.00
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - 10 x 5
1.75
0.750
5.0
3.00
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - 10 x 5 1/2
1.75
0.750
5.5
3.00
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - 10 x 6
1.75
0.750
6.0
3.00
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - 10 x 6 1/2
1.75
0.750
6.5
3.50
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - 10 x 7
1.75
0.750
7.0
4.00
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
3/4 - x 9
1.75
0.750
9.0
5.00
0.750
0.375 0.750 ± 0.06 1.250 ± 0.00 - 0.06
1-8x5
2.25
1.000
5.0
3.00
1.000
0.500 0.100 ± 0.08 1.625 ± 0.00 - 0.08
1-8x6
2.25
1.000
6.0
3.00
1.000
0.500 0.100 ± 0.08 1.625 ± 0.00 - 0.08
1 1/4 - 7 x 6
2.50
1.250
6.0
3.50
1.250
0.625 0.125 ± 0.08 2.000 ± 0.00 - 0.08
1 1/4 - 7 x 6 1/2
2.50
1.250
6.5
3.50
1.250
0.625 0.125 ± 0.08 2.000 ± 0.00 - 0.08
SIZE
± 0.05
Available in: • T-316 Stainless
+ 0.25
- 0.06
THREAD
LENGTH
+ .015
- 0.03
C
D
E
NUT
THICKNESS
NUT WIDTH ACROSS
FLATS
G
H
F
• ASTM A242 Weathering Steel (Atmospheric corrosion resistant steel)
Tripac 2000 Blue can be applied upon request
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
OVAL NECK TRACK BOLTS
ANSI/ASME B18.10
DIMENSIONAL INFORMATION
NOMINAL
HEAD
DIAMETER OVER
THREAD
NECK
L
I
H
R1
R2
O
R
P
1/2 - 13 x 2 3/4
7/8
5/16
11/16
9/32
5/8
19/32
5/16
1 1/8
5/8 - 11 x 3 1/4
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
3/8
1 1/4
5/8 - 11 x 4 1/2
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
3/8
1 1/4
5/8 - 11 x 6
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
3/8
1 1/4
5/8 - 11 x 8
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
3/8
5/8 - 11 x 9 1/2
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
5/8 - 11 x 10
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
5/8 - 11 x 10 1/2
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
5/8 - 11 x 15
1 5/64
25/64
59/64
23/64
13/16
25/32
3/4 - 10 x 5
1 9/32
15/32 1 5/32
7/16
1 1/16
1 1/32
7/8 - 9 x 5
1 31/64
35/64 1 25/64 33/64
1 7/32
1 3/16
1 - 8 x 3 1/2
1 11/16
5/8
1 5/8
19/32
1 3/8
1 11/32 9/16
2 1/4
1 - 8 x 5 1/2
1 11/16
5/8
1 5/8
19/32
1 3/8
1 11/32 9/16
2 1/4
1 - 8 x 6 1/2
1 11/16
5/8
1 5/8
19/32
1 3/8
1 11/32 9/16
2 1/4
1 1/8 - 7 x 4
1 57/64
1 1/2
V
THREAD
LENGTH
MIN
A
45/64 1 55/64 43/64 1 17/32
R3
LENGTH
UNDER
HEAD
1 1/4
Under 7
3/8
in. by 1 1/4
Same steps of
3/8
1 1/4
as
1/2
1/4 in.
body body
3/8
1 1/4
diam. diam. From 7
to 10 in. 1 1/4
of
3/8 of bolt
bolt by steps
of 1/2 1 3/4
7/16
in.
1/2
2
5/8
2 1/2
* Information obtained from the Industrial Fasteners Institute, “Fastener Standards, Sixth Edition” Page C-58
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
A325 BOLTS
Heavy Hex Structural Bolts UNC 2A ANSI/ASME B18.2.1
I
This chart is used for A325 high strength structural bolting
to be used with A194 2H Nuts
F
G
H
LT
I
WIDTH ACROSS
FLATS
WIDTH ACROSS
CORNERS
HEIGHT
THREAD
LENGTH
NUT
THICKNESS
INCH
MAX
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
MIN
BASIC
MAX
MIN
1/2 - 13
0.875
0.850
1.010
0.969
0.323
0.302
1.00
0.504
0.464
5/8 - 11
1.062
1.031
1.227
1.175
0.403
0.378
1.25
0.631
0.587
3/4 - 10
1.250
1.212
1.443
1.383
0.483
0.455
1.38
0.758
0.710
7/8 - 9
1.438
1.394
1.660
1.589
0.563
0.531
1.50
0.885
0.833
1-8
1.625
1.575
1.876
1.796
0.627
0.591
1.75
1.012
0.956
1 1/8 - 7
1.812
1.756
2.093
2.002
0.718
0.658
2.00
0.139
1.079
1 1/4 - 7
2.000
1.938
2.309
2.209
0.813
0.749
2.00
1.251
1.187
1 3/8 - 6
2.188
2.119
2.526
2.416
0.878
0.810
2.25
1.378
1.310
1 1/2 - 6
2.375
2.300
2.742
2.622
0.974
0.902
2.25
1.505
1.433
A DIVISION
OF
NOMINAL
SIZE AND
THREADS PER
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
COATINGS
Zinc Plating Process
HOT ALKALINE CLEANER
WATER RINSE
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
WATER RINSE
WATER RINSE
ZINC PLATE
Electroplated
ASTM specifications B633
electroplating is an electrochemical
process used to deposit a metallic
coating on the base material of an
object by immersing it in an electrically
charged solution so that a suitable low
voltage flows through it, causing the
metallic coating to be attracted to the
object being plated.
•
WATER RINSE
•
BLACK CHROMATE
•
CLEAR CHROMATE
YELLOW CHROMATE
WATER RINSE
•
•
Inexpensive
Sacrificial protection against corrosion
Commonly used on nuts, bolts, washers,
anchor bolts, fittings, pipe hangers, pipe
supports, etc.
Commercial zinc plate .0002 thickness
Zinc Plating process provided by
Sonic Plating Co., Inc., Santa Fe Springs, CA
HOT WATER
HOT AIR DRY
Galvanizing Process
SURFACE PREPARATION
GALVANIZING
FINISHING
− Abrasive blasting
− Immersion into molten
− Alkaline cleaning
zinc from 1 to 5 min.
− Finish process in clean
zinc bath
− Acid Cleaning
− Removal of excess zinc
− Quenching
− Inspection
Hot Dip Galvanized
Galvanizing is the practice of coating clean, oxide-free iron or steel with a thin layer of zinc to
protect the surface against corrosion. ASTM A153 specification applies to coated fabricated
products such as nuts, bolts, washers and anchor bolts. ASTM A123 specification applies to
coated fabricated products such as fittings, pipe hangers, channel & pipe supports.
•
Shields the base metal from the atmosphere because zinc gives
cathodic or sacrificial protection
•
Hot Dip Galvanized process provided by Atlas Galvanizing, LLC,
Los Angeles, CA
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
PROPER FLANGE BOLTING
Flanges
In theory, if it were possible to have two
perfectly mated flanges with total effective
contact at all points, a gasket would not be
required to effect a seal. Obviously since
this is not possible, a gasket is required
and its function is to seal two imperfect
surfaces.
There are limits on the degree of flange
surface imperfections that can be sealed
successfully with a gasket. Large nicks,
dents and gouges must be avoided, since
a gasket cannot seal against them
properly.
Also, a gasket cannot seal
improperly aligned flanges.
Another problem is waviness in the flanges
and warped or bowed flanges. This can
be caused by heat during the
manufacturing or welding process, internal
stress and excessive bolt loads during
installation. See figure 1.
To obtain a satisfactory seal, it is
necessary that basic procedures are
followed during installation.
These
procedures are of fundamental importance
for a successful operation no matter what
style of gasket or type of bolting materials
are used. While these flange installation procedures may seem elementary,
they are extremely important and
should be carefully followed.
Flange Installation Procedures
1. Inspect the flanges. Check for tool marks,
dents, scratches or corrosion. Look for
pitting and any other defects which would
make sealing impossible. Repairs must be
made before bolting.
2. Inspect the gasket. Verify to be sure the
gasket is of the proper material and style.
Look for defects or damage.
3. Inspect and clean bolts, nuts and washers.
Verify to be sure they are of the specified
material.
4. Lubricate the bolt threads and the nut
contact surfaces.
This cannot be
overstressed. The use of an anti-seize
compound should be considered to facilitate
subsequent disassembly. The better the
lubricant, the more consistent the actual
achieved bolt stress at installation will be.
5. Center the gasket on the flange. This is
extremely vital when raised faced flanges
are used.
6. Tighten the bolts approximately 30% to the
final torque following the sequence shown in
Figure 2 (shown on next page). If the
correct tightening sequence is not followed,
the flanges can be misaligned, making it
impossible to have uniform seating of the
gasket. Numbering the bolts may be helpful
in following the bolt sequence.
7. Repeat step 6, elevating the torque to 50 to
60 percent of the final torque.
8. Continue tightening in the recommended
sequence until the final torque value is
reached.
Each bolt normally has to be
tightened more than once.
A - Bowing of flange due to too high bolt load
9. All gaskets relax after seating. Retightening
is recommended 24 hours after installation
to compensate for the relaxation. On highpressure or high-temperature applications, it
is recommended that the flanges be
retorqued to the required stress after 24
hours at operating pressure and
temperatures
to compensate for any
relaxation.
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.
PROPER FLANGE BOLTING
Gaskets
Bolting
Gaskets are used to create a static seal
between two flanges and to maintain that seal
under operating conditions. Proper gasket
selection is critical and must be considered
during the design and engineering process of
any system.
A bolt is a spring. It is an elastic member
which has been stretched to develop a load
by elongating its length. It must not be overelongated (over-strained), or the elastic limit
of the steel will be exceeded. The bolt then
deforms and with continued loading
(stressing) will quickly fail.
Once the type of material and style of gasket is
determined, proper installation is critical to
achieve “seating” of the gasket. A seal is
effected by compressing the gasket material
and causing it to flow into the imperfections on
the flanges so that intimate contact is made
preventing leaking of the joint. The most
common method of effecting a seal on a flange
joint is through compression force applied by
bolting.
Torque
Torque is a twisting force. When applied to a
bolt it is generally expressed in foot pounds.
The formula for torque is T = R x S where:
To avoid such problems with bolt tightening,
the use of a torque wrench is recommended.
The designer of the flange system
normally specifies the torque required to
achieve a proper seal.
The inch-per-inch relationship demonstrates
that the longer the bolt, the more it must be
strained to yield a desired load; thus, the more
follow-up or comeback there will be in actual
inches. This is highly desirable, since most
gasketing materials tend to remold, to relax, to
take a permanent set. This is called the
creep-relaxation phenomenon.
The more follow-up of spring provided by the
bolt, the better the retention of stress on the
gasket to maintain a leakproof joint. In the
same respect, a smaller diameter bolt must be
Properly fastened studs and bolts achieve
strained more to develop the same load. With
their holding power from the tension (or
the smaller diameter bolt, there is a serious
torque) that is derived from the mating of the
danger that it may be over-strained and
external and internal threads subject to the
stressed beyond the elastic limit, and finally
elastic limit of the material.
broken. The smaller bolt, within its elastic
limit, could give the same additional follow-up
What torque to apply is a generally
as the larger diameter bolt of greater
asked question, but the answer
Figure 2
length.
depends on the variables of
R = radius or length of lever
S = pounds pull on scale
material, threads, and lubrication, if
any. As previously stated the
designer of the flange system
normally specifies the required
torque.
Bolting Patterns
Regardless of the number of bolts,
this circular bolt pattern with
modification, will provide the correct
tightening sequence.
Circular Multi-Bolt
Installation Pattern
A DIVISION
475 KLUG CIRCLE • CORONA, CA 92880-6406
(951) 280-4488 • FAX: (951) 272-4445
OF
TRIPAC MARKETING, INC.