Southeast
Asian American
Statistical Profile
SOUTHEAST ASIA
RESOURCE ACTION CENTER
(SEARAC)
2004
Preferred Citation:
Max Niedzwiecki and TC Duong. 2004. Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile. Washington, DC:
Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (SEARAC).
ISBN 0-9725637-2-5
Produced By:
Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (SEARAC)
1628 16th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20009
Tel: 202/667-4690
Fax: 202/667-6449
E-mail: searac@searac.org
Website: www.searac.org
SEARAC’s Mission:
The Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (SEARAC), founded in 1979, is a national organization working to
advance the interests of Cambodian, Laotian, and Vietnamese Americans through leadership development,
capacity building, and community empowerment.
The Authors Wish to Thank the Following People Who Helped With This Publication:
Eloise Needleman, SEARAC
Sophy Pich, SEARAC
Brian Ray, Migration Policy Institute (MPI)
Naomi Steinberg, SEARAC
KaYing Yang, SEARAC
Note: Unless otherwise noted, all 2000 Census figures are
for “Asian detailed group alone or in any combination.”
Funding Generously Provided By:
The Joyce Foundation
And
The Ford Foundation
And
Washington Mutual
Printed on Recycled Paper
2
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
“Southeast Asian Americans”
Include People from the Following Countries and Ethnic Groups:
Cambodia:
Khmer (ethnic Cambodian): Most populous group
Cham (a Moslem minority group)
Khmer Loeu (“Highland Khmer”)
Laos:
Hmong (or Mong)
Lao (Lao Loum, “Lowland Lao”)
Iu Mien (or Mien)
Khmu
Taidam
And many other ethnic groups …
Note: “Laotian” generally refers to all people with roots in Laos, except for Hmong
Vietnam:
Vietnamese: Most populous group
Khmer Kampuchea Krom (ethnic Khmer)
Montagnards (Highlanders from diverse ethnic minorities)
Ethnic Chinese also come from all three Southeast Asian Countries
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
3
Southeast Asian Americans:
POPULATION,
IMMIGRATION AND
NATURALIZATION
4
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Southeast Asian Americans Reporting One or More Ethnic/Racial Designation
State
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
DC
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Totals
Cambodian
593
178
1,406
36
84,559
1,839
2,790
36
47
3,040
3,405
330
86
3,516
695
803
896
369
450
1,298
2,239
22,886
1,602
6,533
78
880
12
142
631
375
868
71
3,740
2,681
50
3,161
330
3,173
10,207
5,290
644
84
1,304
8,225
1,663
107
5,180
16,630
15
856
23
206,052
Hmong
11
321
36
33
71,741
3,351
163
1
6
163
1,615
22
45
604
172
303
1,118
17
23
3
15
1,303
5,998
45,443
9
26
229
108
117
21
27
15
281
7,982
4
407
579
2,298
844
1,112
570
42
164
422
190
5
55
1,485
2
36,809
0
186,310
Laotian
1,023
1,515
1,243
3,256
65,058
2,543
3,267
130
62
4,126
5,220
2,437
597
5,973
1,138
4,778
3,926
378
1,511
109
772
4,449
3,846
11,516
111
840
85
1,078
1,421
513
629
457
3,715
6,282
27
3,277
1,216
5,176
2,536
3,507
1,040
295
4,761
11,626
2,715
99
3,076
9,382
40
5,405
21
198,203
Vietnamese
5,242
1,050
14,533
4,392
484,023
17,108
8,271
893
2,035
37,086
31,092
10,040
1,511
21,212
5,540
7,803
12,616
4,019
25,601
1,571
18,086
36,685
15,232
20,570
5,729
11,654
293
6,755
5,428
1,900
16,707
3,637
27,105
17,142
560
11,219
13,673
20,709
33,204
1,134
4,758
708
7,739
143,352
6,742
1,080
40,500
50,697
467
4,505
128
1,223,736
Total
6,869
3,064
17,218
7,717
705,381
24,841
14,491
1,060
2,150
44,415
41,332
12,829
2,239
31,305
7,545
13,687
18,556
4,783
27,585
2,981
21,112
65,323
26,678
84,062
5,927
13,400
619
8,083
7,597
2,809
18,231
4,180
34,841
34,087
641
18,064
15,798
31,356
46,791
11,043
7,012
1,129
13,968
163,625
11,310
1,291
48,811
78,194
524
47,575
172
1,814,301
Source: 2000 Census
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
5
Asian American Populations
All Reports of Membership in Asian Groups (1)
Ethnic Group
1. Chinese, Except Taiwanese
2. Filipino
3. Asian Indian
4. Korean
5. Vietnamese
6. Japanese
7. Other Asian, not specified
8. Cambodian
9. Pakistani
10. Laotian
11. Hmong
12. Thai
13. Taiwanese
14. Indonesian
15. Bangladeshi
16. Sri Lankan
17. Malaysian
18. Burmese
19. Okinawan
20. Nepalese
21. Singaporean
22. Indo Chinese
23. Iwo Jiman
24. Maldivian
Population
2,734,841
2,364,815
1,898,828
1,228,427
1,223,736
1,148,932
369,430
206,052
204,309
198,203
186,310
150,283
144,795
63,073
57,412
24,587
18,566
16,720
10,599
9,399
2,394
199
78
51
Source: 2000 Census
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
6
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Percentages of People in Age Groups by Population
Age Groups
0-9 years old
10-19 y/o
20-29 y/o
30-39 y/o
40-49 y/o
50-59 y/o
60-69 y/o
70-79 y/o
80+ years old
U.S. Overall
14.1
14.4
13.6
15.4
14.5
10.9
7.2
5.8
3.1
Asian Overall
15.2
15.0
17.2
17.8
15.3
9.5
5.5
3.3
1.3
Cambodian
18.9
27.1
13.7
15.1
13.1
6.7
3.2
1.7
0.6
Hmong
28.5
31.8
13.9
11.7
6.9
3.6
1.8
1.2
0.6
Laotian
18.7
22.4
17.3
16.6
13.4
6.5
3.0
1.5
0.6
Vietnamese
15.7
15.6
18.9
18.1
14.6
9.5
4.7
2.1
0.6
Source: 2000 Census
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
7
Median Age by Sex
Populations
Total U.S.
Asian Overall
Cambodian
Hmong2
Laotian
Vietnamese
Females
36.6
32.5
24.7
16.4
25.1
30.2
Males
34.1
30.4
20.7
16.2
25.2
29.6
Total
35.4
31.4
22.8
16.3
25.2
29.9
Source: 2000 Census
2. Hmong Americans were the only ethnically-defined group described by 2000 Census SF 4 figures to have a median age below 20. (Some cross-racial categories
[e.g., “White; African American”] did have median ages under 20.)
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
8
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Immigrants (Excluding Refugees and Asylees) Admitted to the U.S. from Southeast Asia,
Fiscal Years 1951 through 20013
Fiscal Years
1951-1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Totals
Cambodia
96
21
39
66
40
98
126
126
*
*
148
113
129
163
193
198
9,013
8,494
7,098
4,425
3,577
2,564
878
831
847
1,224
1,358
1,475
1,377
1,361
2,106
2,398
50,582
Laos
227
24
35
46
61
96
163
237
*
*
179
78
130
159
185
212
4,239
3,557
6,037
6,973
6,364
5,792
670
738
607
572
692
572
502
471
672
896
41,186
Vietnam
4,675
2,038
3,412
4,569
3,192
3,039
4,230
4,629
2,892
2,065
4,510
2,238
3,030
3,275
5,203
5,120
15,256
11,489
14,231
25,957
37,773
43,939
45,580
29,365
14,027
13,157
12,367
16,222
12,728
15,890
21,171
25,180
412,449
Total
4,998
2,083
3,486
4,681
3,293
3,233
4,519
4,992
2,892
2,065
4,837
2,429
3,289
3,597
5,581
5,530
28,508
23,540
27,366
37,355
47,714
52,295
47,128
30,934
15,481
14,953
14,417
18,269
14,607
17,722
23,949
28,474
504,217
3. All figures in this table are from the Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, fiscal years 1980 through 2000, except the following: (1) figures for fiscal year 2001 are from the INS website (www.ins.gov); (2) figures for 1978 and 1979 are from Rumbaut (2000: 182). Reliable figures for Cambodia and
Vietnam for 1978 and 1979 are unavailable. These figures include Amerasians. Figures for fiscal years 1980 through 2001 have been adjusted to reflect the fact that
“immigrant arrival” statistics record the number of people granted “immigrant” (or “permanent resident alien”) status for the given year, and do not represent only new
arrivals to the U.S. Figures in this table for the years 1980 through 2001 were derived by subtracting INS “refugee and asylee adjustment” numbers from the “immigrant” numbers.
Sources: (1) Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). 1981-2001. Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Service (fiscal years 1980-2000).
Washington, DC: Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. Department of Justice. (2) Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) website: www.ins.gov. (3)
Rumbaut, Rubén G. 2000. Vietnamese, Laotian, and Cambodian Americans. In Contemporary Asian America: A Multidisciplinary Reader. Edited by Min Zhou and
James V. Gatewood. New York, NY: New York University Press. Pp. 175-206.
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
9
Refugee Arrivals to the U.S. From Southeast Asia,
Fiscal Years 1975-20024
Fiscal Year
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Totals
Cambodia
4,600
1,100
300
1,300
6,000
16,000
38,194
6,246
13,041
19,727
19,175
9,845
1,786
2,897
2,162
2,329
179
163
63
15
6
5
9
7
0
0
23
0
145,172
Laos
800
10,200
400
8,000
30,200
55,500
19,777
3,616
2,907
7,218
5,195
12,313
13,394
14,597
12,560
8,715
9,232
7,285
6,944
6,211
3,682
2,203
915
9
19
64
22
18
241,996
Vietnam
125,000
3,200
1,900
11,100
44,500
95,200
65,279
27,396
22,819
24,856
25,222
21,700
19,656
17,571
21,924
27,797
28,396
26,795
31,401
34,110
32,250
16,107
6,612
10,266
9,622
2,839
3,109
2,855
759,482
Total
130,400
14,500
2,600
20,400
80,700
166,700
123,250
37,258
38,767
51,801
49,592
43,858
34,836
35,065
36,646
38,841
37,807
34,243
38,408
40,336
35,938
18,315
7,536
10,282
9,641
2,903
3,154
2,873
1,146,650
4. Sources: (1) Office of Refugee Resettlement. 1982-2001. Annual Reports to Congress (fiscal years 1981-2000). Washington, DC: Office of Refugee Resettlement,
Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2) FY 2001 and 2002 figures (2002 from "preliminary data") are from the
Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, U.S. Department of State. Tabulated and presented in Refugee Reports December 31, 2002. (3) Refugee arrival statistics for FY 1975-1980 are from Rumbaut (2000: 182).
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
10
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
People from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
Naturalized as U.S. Citizens, Fiscal Years 1987-2001
Fiscal Year
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Totals
Cambodia
2,816
3,132
3,234
3,525
4,851
2,713
3,102
4,132
3,319
5,202
5,180
5,348
7,140
5,292
3,489
62,475
Laos
3,159
3,480
3,463
3,329
3,887
3,080
3,994
5,630
4,315
10,621
8,630
7,734
9,188
7,163
6,507
84,180
Vietnam
25,469
21,636
19,357
22,027
30,078
18,422
22,520
29,555
31,728
51,910
36,178
30,185
53,316
55,934
41,596
489,911
Total
31,444
28,248
26,054
28,881
38,816
24,215
29,616
39,317
39,362
67,733
49,988
43,267
69,644
68,389
51,592
636,566
Sources: Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and Naturalization Source
(Fiscal Years 1986-2001) and www.ins.gov
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
11
Percentages of Foreign-Born People
Naturalized as U.S. Citizens
Populations
Total U.S.
All Asians
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
Females
43.0
50.6
42.7
29.7
46.3
55.9
Males
37.6
49.0
49.1
33.3
49.7
60.4
Females & Males
40.3
49.9
45.7
31.5
48.0
58.2
Source: 2000 Census
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Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
12
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
People Reporting Southeast Asian Heritage
Born in the United States
Population
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
Total
Number
69,207
83,537
68,715
332,361
553,820
Source: 2000 Census
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
Please acknowledge SEARAC when copying or making use of the information in this document.
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
13
Southeast Asian Americans:
EDUCATION
14
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Educational Attainment by Ethnic Group of People Aged 25 and Over in the U.S.,
Percent Reaching Specified Educational Levels
Ethnic & Racial
Groups
Overall U.S.:
Total U.S.
U.S.: Female
U.S.: Male
No Formal
Schooling
High School
Graduate or Higher
1.4
1.3
1.4
80.4
80.7
80.1
51.8
51.1
52.5
24.4
22.8
26.1
1.0
0.6
1.4
1.7
2.1
4.2
5.0
3.3
0.9
6.6
2.2
2.3
2.2
71.3
74.5
80.6
78.1
83.3
83.4
51.7
79.2
79.4
78.9
42.2
46.6
64.1
60.5
68.1
54.0
29.9
47.1
47.0
47.3
14.2
14.3
42.7
39.3
46.6
25.9
10.3
16.5
15.8
17.3
0.4
0.7
2.7
1.4
4.2
1.0
0.4
0.8
0.7
1.0
Asian Amer. Groups, > 1 Million Population:(6)
Asian Indian
2.2
Chinese (7)
5.3
Filipino
1.3
Japanese
0.6
Korean
2.1
85.4
77.6
87.4
91.4
86.4
74.3
63.6
71.2
69.2
64.8
60.9
46.6
41.7
40.4
43.1
4.6
4.9
0.6
1.7
2.4
Southeast Asians
Cambodian
* Cambodian: Female
* Cambodian: Male
Hmong
* Hmong: Female
* Hmong Male
Laotian (12)
* Laotian: Female
* Laotian: Male
Vietnamese
* Vietnamese: Female
* Vietnamese Male
47.1
39.5
55.9
40.7
28.5
53.1
50.5
45.4
55.5
61.9
56.7
67.3
28.0
21.6
35.3
24.3
15.4
33.4
26.0
23.3
28.6
42.9
37.5
48.5
9.1
6.7
11.9
7.4
4.7
10.1
7.6
6.9
8.4
19.5
16.9
22.1
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.01
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.7
Racial & Hispanic Groups
African American
Amer. Ind. & Alaskan Native
Asian American
* Asian American: Female
* Asian American: Male
Caucasian
Hispanic
Pacific Islander (5)
* Pacific Islander: Female
* Pacific Islander: Male
26.2
31.6
19.8
45.0
56.4
33.4
22.7
27.6
18.1
8.0
9.7
6.2
Some College
or Higher
Bachelor’s Degree
or Higher
PhD
Source: 2000 Census
5. “Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander” is the category label used by the U.S. Census Bureau.
6. Vietnamese Americans also have a population over one million.
7. Figures for “Chinese” Americans do not include “Taiwanese,” as per disaggregation in the 2000 Census.
© 2003 Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (www.searac.org).
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Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
15
College Graduation Rates for People in U.S. Aged 25 and Over
Population
U.S. Overall
Asian Americans
Cambodian Americans
Hmong Americans
Laotian Americans
Vietnamese Americans
Percentage Who Held
Bachelor’s Degrees
21
38
6
3
7
17
Source: 1990 Census
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16
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Educational Attainment by Birthplace of People Aged 25
and Over in the 100 Largest Cities in the U.S.8
Percent Reaching Specified Educational Levels
Birthplace
Total Population
* Total: Female
* Total: Male
No Formal
Schooling
1.7
1.7
1.7
High School
Some College
Graduate or Higher
or Higher
80.7
54.9
80.7
53.8
80.7
56.4
Bachelor’s Degree
or Higher
27.7
25.7
30.0
PhD
1.1
0.7
1.6
USA
* USA: Female
* USA: Male
0.6
0.6
0.7
85.6
85.4
85.6
58.2
56.7
59.5
28.8
26.6
31.2
1.0
0.6
1.4
Africa
2.7
86.8
67.8
42.0
2.5
Europe & Canada
1.8
77.8
54.3
31.0
2.6
Mexico
11.4
30.4
14.4
4.5
0.1
Total Asia
Western Asia (9)
East Asia
South Asia
5.8
3.4
4.0
2.1
71.3
79.6
80.6
86.7
51.1
60.2
62.7
76.0
26.4
39.1
44.4
63.8
3.5
2.6
4.1
4.3
Oceania
1.9
80.5
53.2
24.7
1.8
Southeast Asia: (10)
Burma/Myanmar
Cambodia
* Camb.: Female
* Camb.: Male
Indonesia
Laos
* Laos: Female
* Laos: Male
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
* VN: Female
* VN: Male
5.9
23.6
29.6
16.9
1.0
30.8
36.2
25.6
1.8
1.5
3.5
8.4
10.0
6.8
76.7
50.6
41.1
61.2
90.5
45.7
37.4
53.4
79.0
86.7
96.4
79.2
61.9
56.9
66.8
68.8
32.2
26.1
39.1
75.2
26.7
21.6
31.4
63.3
72.8
80.6
63.6
43.9
38.2
49.7
50.7
11.4
8.1
15.0
45.0
9.4
8.0
10.5
44.1
44.9
57.7
40.6
20.2
16.8
23.4
0.8
0.5
1.0
1.2
0.1
0.2
3.9
0.6
2.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.6
8. Data from the Public Use Microdata Files (PUMS), 2000 Census. Many thanks to Dr. Brian Ray of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) for help in accessing and
intepreting these data. MPI is accessible at http://www.migrationpolicy.org/.
9. “Western Asia” includes the regions more commonly known as the “Middle East” and “Central Asia.”
10. Since there was only one person in the sample from Brunei, that country is omitted here.
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Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
17
Percentages of Households in Southeast Asian American
and Other Populations
That are “Linguistically Isolated”11
Populations
Total U.S.A.
Asian Overall
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
Percentages of Households
that Are “Linguistically Isolated”
4.1
24.7
31.8
35.1
31.8
45.0
Source: 2000 Census
11. “A linguistically isolated household is one in which no member 14 years old and over (1) speaks only English or (2) speaks a non-English language and speaks
English ‘very well.’ In other words, all members 14 years old and over have at least some difficulty with English.” (Source: www.census.gov, 10/31/03.)
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18
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Percentages of People Enrolled in School
Population
Total U.S.A.
U.S. Females
U.S. Males
15-17 years old 18-19 years old 20-24 years old
94.9
66.6
35.5
95.3
69.4
37.8
94.4
63.9
33.2
Asians Overall
Asian: Females
Asian: Males
97.3
97.3
97.3
83.2
84.5
80.9
58.2
57.7
58.8
Cambodians
Cambodian: Females
Cambodian: Male
94.9
95.7
94.1
73.0
75.9
70.4
44.3
43.9
44.8
Hmong
Hmong: Females
Hmong: Males
96.2
96.0
96.4
72.6
74.9
70.6
38.4
36.1
40.4
Laotians
Laotian: Females
Laotian: Males
95.0
94.5
95.5
64.9
68.8
61.1
38.0
37.5
39.2
Vietnamese
Vietnamese: Females
Vietnamese: Males
97.0
97.3
96.9
88.4
86.2
89.6
58.4
58.7
58.1
Source: 2000 Census
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Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
19
Southeast Asian Americans:
INCOME AND
EMPLOYMENT
20
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Ethnically-Defined Groups With Per Capita Incomes Below $12,000 in 1999,
and Per Capita Incomes for Selected Other Racial and Ethnic Groups12
Ethnic Groups
Southeast Asian Groups:
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Per Capita Incomes in 1999
$10,215
$6,613
$11,454
Pacific Islander Groups:
Samoan
Tongan
$11,191
$9,975
Native American Groups:
Cheyenne
Crow
Eskimo
Houma
Menominee
Navajo
Pima
Pueblo
Sioux
Tohono O’Odham
Ute
Yakama
Yaqui
Yuman
$11,654
$11,715
$11,332
$11,754
$11,874
$8,612
$9,451
$10,913
$11,706
$8,395
$11,688
$10,294
$11,845
$10,343
Latino Groups:
Mexican
Dominican
Honduran
$10,918
$11,773
$11,629
Comparison Racial & Ethnic Groups:
U.S.A. Population Overall
American Indian and Alaska Native
Asians Overall
Vietnamese
Black or African American
Hispanic or Latino
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander
White
$21,587
$14,267
$20,719
$15,385
$14,222
$12,111
$14,773
$23,635
Source: Census 2000
12. (a) Most of the figures in this table are for populations disaggregated by ethnic or racial group by the 2000 Census, “alone or in any combination.” However, the
Latino groups (e.g., Mexican, etc.) are not described in this way by the Census in the “American Fact Finder” website, and so figures in this table for them are for members of the groups “alone.” (b) In addition to the ethnically-defined groups in this table, members of a number of cross-racial (but not single-racial) categories (e.g.,
“White; Black or African American,” etc.) were shown by Census 2000 to have per capita incomes below $12,000.
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Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
21
Poverty Status in 1999
Ethnic & Racial Groups
Overall U.S. Population:
Total U.S.
U.S.: Female
U.S.: Male
Percent Living Below
the Federal Poverty Level
12.4
13.52
11.2
Racial & Hispanic Groups:
African American
American Indian & Alaskan Native
Asian American
* Asian American.: Female
* Asian American.: Male
Caucasian
Hispanic
Pacific Islander (13)
* Pacific Islander: Female
* Pacific Islander: Male
24.7
25.7
12.6
12.8
12.5
9.4
22.6
16.6
17.5
15.7
Asian Amer. Groups, > 1 Million Population: (14)
Asian Indian
Chinese (15)
Filipino
Japanese
Korean
10.4
13.2
7.0
9.2
14.2
Southeast Asian Groups:
Cambodian
* Cambodian: Female
* Cambodian: Male
Hmong
* Hmong: Female
* Hmong Male
Laotian
* Laotian: Female
* Laotian: Male
Vietnamese
* Vietnamese: Female
* Vietnamese: Male
29.3
30.7
27.7
37.6
38.3
40.3
19.1
19.7
18.6
16.0
16.6
15.4
Source: 2000 Census
13. “Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander” is the category label used by the U.S. Census Bureau.
14. Vietnamese Americans also have a population over one million.
15. Figures for “Chinese” Americans do not include “Taiwanese,” as per disaggregation in the 2000 Census.
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22
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Sex by Occupation for the Employed Civilian Population 16 Years and Over,
For Southeast Asian American and Other Populations
(Percentages)
Management,
professional,
& related
occupations
Service
occupations
Sales & office
occupations
Farming,
fishing &
forestry
occupations
Construction,
extraction &
maintenance
occupations
Production,
transportation &
material moving
occupations
36.2
31.4
33.6
18.0
12.1
14.9
36.7
17.9
26.7
0.3
1.1
0.7
0.7
17.1
9.4
8.0
20.5
14.6
Asian
* Female
* Male
* Overall
40.9
45.4
43.2
16.4
12.2
14.5
30.6
19.4
24.7
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.5
7.1
4.0
11.4
15.1
13.3
Cambodian
* Female
* Male
* Overall
16.3
19.5
17.9
17.6
15.0
16.3
30.6
17.5
23.8
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.8
9.7
5.4
34.4
37.7
36.1
Hmong
* Female
* Male
* Overall
16.3
17.5
17.0
17.5
14.5
15.8
28.4
14.5
20.7
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.8
7.5
4.5
36.7
45.4
41.5
Laotian
* Female
* Male
* Overall
14.1
13.2
13.6
16.1
13.7
14.8
25.7
14.1
19.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
1.3
10.0
6.1
42.2
48.4
45.6
Vietnamese
* Female
* Male
* Overall
25.0
28.8
27.0
24.4
15.0
19.4
23.6
15.3
19.1
0.2
0.8
0.5
0.9
10.0
5.9
25.8
30.1
28.1
Populations
Total USA
* Female
* Male
* Overall
Source: 2000 Census
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Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
23
Median Family Income in 1999,
Southeast Asian American and Other Populations
Median Family Income
in 1999
$50,046
$57,874
$35,434
$32,224
$42,838
$46,929
Populations
Total U.S.A.
Asian Overall
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
Source: 2000 Census
Public Assistance Income16 in 1999 for Households
in Selected Communities
Groups
Overall U.S. Population
Percentage of Households with
Public Assistance Income
9.5
Asian Americans Overall
4.2
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
22.2
30.2
14.2
10.2
Source: 2000 Census Data
16. The U.S. Census specifies that “Public assistance or welfare payments include cash public assistance payments low-income people receive, such as aid to families
with dependent children (AFDC, ADC), temporary assistance to needy families (TANF), general assistance, and emergency assistance.” (http://www.census.gov/population/www/cps/cpsdef.html)
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24
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Southeast Asian Americans:
HOUSING
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
25
Percentages of Households in Rural and Urban Settings
Populations
Urban Overall
U.S. Overall
79.2
Asian Overall
97.1
Cambodian
97.9
Hmong
95.6
Laotian
94.9
Vietnamese
97.9
Urban
Inside Urbanized Areas
68.4
93.1
95.2
90.5
88.5
95.6
Inside Urban Clusters
10.7
3.9
2.7
5.1
6.5
2.2
Rural Overall
20.8
2.9
2.1
4.4
5.1
2.1
Rural
Farm
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
Non-farm
19.8
2.8
2.0
4.1
4.9
2.1
Rural
Farm
1.06
0.12
0.07
0.33
0.20
0.05
Non-farm
19.9
3.5
2.3
4.7
4.9
2.3
Source: 2000 Census
Percentages of People in Rural and Urban Settings
Populations
Urban Overall
U.S. Overall
79.0
Asian Overall
96.4
Cambodian
97.7
Hmong
95.0
Laotian
94.9
Vietnamese
97.6
Urban
Inside Urbanized Areas
68.3
92.1
95.3
89.8
88.5
95.3
Inside Urban Clusters
10.7
4.2
2.4
5.2
6.5
2.3
Rural Overall
21.0
3.6
2.3
5.0
5.1
2.4
Source: 2000 Census
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26
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Percentages of Housing Units by Tenure
Populations
U.S. Overall
Asians Overall
Cambodians
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
Owner-Occupied
66.2
52.6
43.2
38.5
51.5
52.8
Renter-Occupied
34.8
47.4
56.8
61.5
48.5
47.2
Source: 2000 Census
Household Size by Population
(Percentages)
Populations
U.S. Overall
Asian Overall
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
1-person
25.8
18.7
6.6
4.1
7.4
11.1
2-person
32.6
25.0
11.6
7.3
13.4
17.8
3-person
16.5
19.2
15.0
7.7
13.4
19.3
Household Sizes
4-person
14.2
19.1
19.7
9.8
21.3
21.6
5-person
6.7
9.6
18.6
11.6
17.4
14.8
6-person
2.5
4.7
13.5
12.7
10.7
8.5
7 or more people
1.6
3.7
15.0
46.6
13.4
6.9
Source: 2000 Census
Average Household Size and Family Size
Population
Total U.S.
Asians Overall
Cambodian
Hmong28
Laotian
Vietnamese
Average
Household Size
2.59
3.07
4.39
6.13
4.21
3.67
Average
Family Size
3.14
3.57
4.54
6.34
4.42
3.99
Source: 2000 Census
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Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
27
Households by Presence of People Under 18 Years of Age:
Overall, and Female-Headed Households
Percentage of
Households with
One or More
People Under
18 Years
Population
U.S.A. Overall
Asians Overall
Cambodian
Hmong
Laotian
Vietnamese
36.5
44.6
73.9
86.2
69.2
55.8
Percentage of
Percentage of
Households with Households with
One or More
No People
People Under
Under 18 Years
18 Years: Female
Householder, No
Husband Present
8.2
63.5
5.4
55.4
17.3
26.1
9.6
13.8
10.1
30.8
7.5
44.2
Source: 2000 Census
Unmarried Households Led by Partners of the Same Sex,
as a Percentage of All Households, and as a Percentage of all Unmarried Households
As a Percentage of All Households
Female-Female
Male-Male
Female-Female
Populations
Households
Households
+ Male-Male
Total U.S.A.
0.3
0.3
0.6
Asians Overall
0.3
0.3
0.5
Cambodian
0.4
0.2
0.6
Hmong
0.1
0.4
0.5
Laotian
0.2
0.4
0.6
Vietnamese
0.3
0.3
0.5
As a Percentage of All Unmarried Households
Female-Female
Male-Male
Female-Female
Households
Households
+ Male-Male
6.2
6.4
12.6
7.5
7.9
15.4
6.7
4.4
11.1
3.1
12.6
15.6
3.4
5.6
9.0
7.1
7.4
14.4
Source: 2000 Census
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28
Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
Aggregate Real Estate Taxes:
U.S. Overall:
Asian Overall:
Cambodian:
Hmong:
Laotian:
Vietnamese:
$98,919,018,300
$3,839,502,800
$27,558,400
$12,139,400
$28,259,500
$290,873,900
Source: 2000 Census
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Southeast Asian American Statistical Profile
29
SOUTHEAST ASIA RESOURCE ACTION CENTER (SEARAC)
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