CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHAPTER
3
Vocabulary Practice
concentration gradient
cuole
celltheory
va
cytoplasm
lysosome
osmosis
organelle
centriole
isotonic
prokaryotic cell
cellwall
hypertonic
eukaryotic cell
chloroplast
hypotonic
cytoskeleton
cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
nucleus
phospholipid
active transpoft
endoplasmic reticulum
fluid mosaic model
endocytosis
ribosome
selective permea bility
phagocytosis
Golgi apparatus
receptor
exocytosis
vesicle
passive transport
mitochondrion
diffusion
A. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then
use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word.
endo-
inside
hyper-
=
over, above
chloro-
=
green
exo-
outside
hypo-
=
below
ISO-
=
equal
(_)
o
Phago- =
eating
lys-
=
loosen
-tonia
=
state of
.c
E
+
CYIO-
cell
-plast
=
small body
c
o
o
E
=
=co
E
o)
l
-o
õÞ
:
õõ)
=
o
oO
o
T
.9
o
o
(_)
WORD
DEFINITION
1. endocytosis
taking of substances into a cell in vesicles
2. exocytosis
3. phagocytosis
4. hypertonic
5. hypotonic
6. isotonic
removal of substances out of a cell in vesicles
7, lysosome
8.
chloroplast
Unit 2 Besource Book
McDougal Littell Biology
cell eating
Ine state ol navrng more solutes compared Io
another solution
rne srare or navrng rewer sotules compareo ro
another solution
ure 5ta[e ot ililvtf t9 aft equat arltuuilt ur lturutË5
compared to another solution
afl organelle InaI loosens, or oreaKs uowl l, llluluuulc
and cellular components
a green organelle that conta¡ns chloropnyll ano ls
involved in nhofosvnfhesis
Vocabulary
Practice 27
Period
Name
Date
VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED
WORD
9,
lt
cytoplasm
DEFINITION
rv JgÍyil^ç ùuuùrdt tr,v iJLI I tPt.rÐvv vr vvorgr or ru utÐùu
molecu]es and ions lhat fills much of a cpll
trt9
10. cytoskeleton
ongrglvrr
q vgil,
vt
qtI
Ittgtvv¡iltgwtgv
Itgtvvvt^
vt
a cell strenqth, the abilitv to move. and the abilitv to
I
1
ns that gives
nsport
organelles
B, Analogies
Read each analogy. Decide which term is most like it.
active transport
exocytosis
passive transport
cellwall
Golgi apparatus
ribosomes
concentration gradient
nucleus
selective permeability
ribosomes
1. Chips in a chocolate chip cookie
2,
Skin of a grape
3. Allowing
4.
cellwall
only invited guests in to your party selective permeability
Floating on
a raft through a tunnel
5. A cab driving you to the party
6.
without paddling
passive transport
through heavy traffic active transport
exocytosis
Spitting out watermelon seeds
7. Thick fog in one area, clearin another
8. An accordion
9.
golgi apparatus
The chewy center of a candy
>
c
nucleus
6
oE
o
O
.c
V/rite your own analogies to show the meaning of these terms:
10. cytoskeleton
Sam
answer: The
=c
eton is sort of like the und
structure of a buildi
that holds
noP
I
=o
else up and provides a structure for elevators to run up and down.
.E
-J
õO)
11. phagocytosis
f
Sample answer: Phagocytosis is sort of like a person who hovers over the food, shoveling in huge bites.
oo
o
E
O)
.E
o
o
28
Vocabulary Practice
Unit 2 Besource Book
McDougal Littell BiologY
Period
Name
Date
VOCABU LARY PRACTICE, CONTINU ED
C. Vector Vocabulary Define the words in the boxes. On the lines across each arrow,
write
a phrase that describes how the words
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
1
the movement of molecules
across a membrane through a
tr@
in the boxes are related to each other.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT
2.
the movement of mol
across a membrane without
energy input from a cell.
energy input from a cell.
diffusion of molecules
across the cell membrane is a
type of passive transport.
0sM0srs
the movement of mol
4.
from a region of higher
centration to a reqion of
ower concentration
tC
a
o
DIFFUSION
5.
the movement of water
molecules from a region of
6.
osmosis is the diffusion of
water molecules
higher water concentration
to a region of lower water
concentration.
E
o
C)
.c
5
c
o
E
o)
f
o
T
7.
The relative concentrations
of two solutions separated by a
semipermeable membrane
wtll determ¡ne the direction
osmosis across the membrane.
õ
)
.E
õo)
l
ôoo
o
c
o)
o_
o
(_)
ts0T0Ntc
HYPOTONIC
L having an equal amount of
L
solutes compared to another
compared to another sol
having fewer solutes
HYPERTONIC
10. have
more solutes
compared to another sol
solution.
Unit 2 Resource Book
McDougal Littell Biology
Vocabulary
Practice 29
Period
Name
Date
VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTI NU ED
D. Who Am l?
Choose among these terms to answer the riddles below:
cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
phospholipid
cell theory
fluid mosaic model
prokaryotic cell
centriole
lysosome
receptor
endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
vacuole
eukaryotic cell
organelle
vesicle
1. I cary out special jobs in a cell:
2. l'm
an important concept and I have three main points; the last is that all cells come
celltheory
from existing cells
3.
organelles
I make up the two layers of the cell membrane:
4.
phospholipids
it is flexible and could be compared to
5. I am the type of cell that has a nucleus; animal and plant cells are me:
6. I am the type of cell without
a nucleus; bacteria are me:
eukaryotic cell
prokaryotic cell
facilitated diffusion
7. I help molecules diffirse across a membrane through transport proteins:
8. I have two t¡res,
endoplasmic reticulum
smooth and rough; I help produce proteins and lipids:
9. I contain enzymes
and defend cells from viruses and bacteria; animal cells have lots of me:
lysosomes
G
o_
E
1O. I am an organelle shaped like
a bean;
I provide energy for a cell
.E
11. I am a cylinder-shaped organelle in animal cells, and I help make flagella:
12. I am the
outer edge that separates a cell from the outside environment;
cell membrane
goes in and out of a cell:
13. I receive signals from molecules and make
right time:
14. I'm
a sac
receptor
centriole
=o
I control what
E
o)
ô
sure the right cell gets the right signal at the
filled with fluid inside a cell; I store materials the cell needs:
15. I'm a little
o
mitochondrion
(J
r
E
:
6o)
oo
vacuole
organelle that carries materials from one part of the cell to another;
vesicle
live long, but I can be recycled:
I don't
o
E
o)
'Ë
o-
oo
30
Vocabulary Practice
Unit 2 Besource Book
McDougal Littell Biology