Western Cape Education Department
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT: FET
CAPS
EXEMPLARS
SBA
GRADE 12
PHYSICAL SCIENCES
2014
Physical Sciences
WCED
Gr12 CAPS Exemplar
Jan 2013
EXEMPLARS
CAPS GRADE 12
1.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1.1
Teachers should do the experiment before they design the worksheet for
the experiment that their learners will do.
1.2
The teacher should develop a marking memorandum that is a good guide
to mark each learner’s experiment.
1.3
The experiment should be scheduled to commence after the subject
content is taught in the classroom.
1.4
Learners should do the experiment on their own.
1.5
Theoretical questions on content should not be part of the experiment.
However, they have value and should be asked as informal assessment or
as an integral part of a control test or an examination.
1.6
Mark totals for practical tasks should be converted to a mark out of 15,
correct to the first decimal place, for transfer to the mark schedule.
2.
EXPERIMENT 1
EXAMPLE OF A WORKSHEET: See Annexure A, page 20
2.1
Aim: To prepare different esters and identify the esters by their smell.
The following experiments have to be done:
Experiment 1(a): Prepare methyl ethanoate and identify its smell
Experiment 1(b): Prepare ethyl ethanoate and identify its smell
Experiment 1(c): Prepare pentyl ethanoate and identify its smell
Experiment 1(d): Prepare methyl salicylate and identify its smell
Experiment 1(e): Prepare ethyl salicylate and identify its smell
Experiment 1(f): Prepare pentyl salicylate and identify its smell
These experiments can be combined into one experiment as
illustrated at 2.2.
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2.2
WCED
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Jan 2013
Write Up for Experiment 1(a) to 1(f): [27 marks]
Aim: To prepare the following esters and to identify each of their smells.
Methyl ethanoate
Ethyl ethanoate
Pentyl ethanoate
Methyl salicylate
Ethyl salicylate
Pentyl salicylate
All WCED schools should use the following headings for the
Write Up and should adhere to the mark weighting and
distribution for each heading.
MARKING MEMORANDUM:
2.2.1 PLANNING [9 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
(a)
Naming or Drawing apparatus
(3)
(Including chemicals)
None named or
Some named or
All named or
drawn.
Drawn or
Drawn & correct.
Incorrect.
0
6
(b)
to
Identification of variables
(3)
(Award 1 mark for each correct variable and zero
marks if none are correct.)
(c)
Collecting
, recording
and evaluating
data
(3)
(Award zero marks if none are described or appropriate)
[9]
2.2.2 RESULTS [15 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
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(a)
WCED
Gr12 CAPS Exemplar
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Table (9 marks) (One table summarizing all the results):
No table is provided OR Table is incorrect/inappropriate
(0)
Table heading is appropriate
(1)
Column headings are appropriate
(2)
Data is appropriate
, accurate
and correct
(3)
Data was evaluated or measurements are repeated
at least three times
(3)
Balanced chemical equation for each reaction
(6)
(One mark for each correctly balanced equation.)
[15]
2.2.3 CONCLUSION or FINDINGS [3 marks]
Results are correctly interpreted
(3)
[3]
TOTAL MARK
2.3
/27/
METHOD [0 marks]
Although the method is provided in textbooks, a suggested method is
provided below.
SAFETY:
1. Alcohols are flammable and organic acids are corrosive. Sulphuric acid
is poisonous, dangerous and corrosive. It burns body tissue and may
be fatal if swallowed.
2. Methanol, ethanol and pentanol have flashpoints of 12 oC, 16,6 oC and
49 oC respectively i.e. the lowest temperature at which their vapours
ignite. These temperatures are lower than the boiling point of water
which is 100 oC.
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3. For more information on the hazards associated with methanol,
ethanol, ethanoic acid (acetic acid (glacial)) and ethyl ethanoate please
consult your laboratory manual.
4. Solutions containing flammable liquids must not be heated in a test
tube. Use a cotton wool plug to prevent alcohol from spilling and heat
the test tube containing the solution by using a water bath. Keep the
test tube vertical in the water bath.
5. All glassware used in this experiment must be heat resistant.
6. Do not overheat the reaction mixture. It must not boil.
7. Do not place your nose directly over the test tube to smell the ester
produced while the water bath is being heated.
8. All chemicals are hazardous. Wear safety goggles and gloves when
handling chemicals
9. Ensure that all gas taps are closed before and after the use of Bunsen
burner(s).
Suggested method:
Step 1:
Make a water bath by pouring 50 cm3 of water into a 100 cm3 beaker.
Place the beaker on wire gauze that rests on a tripod stand. Place a
Bunsen burner under the gauze wire.
Step 2:
Add 10 drops of ethanol to 10 drops of ethanoic acid (acetic acid (glacial))
in a dry test tube. Add 5 to 10 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to this
mixture.
Step 3:
Place cotton wool in the mouth of the test tube. Lower the test tube into
the water bath using tongs.
Step 4:
Heat the water in the water bath using the Bunsen burner. Cool the test
tube under running water.
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Step 5:
Pour the contents of the test tube into a 100 cm3 beaker containing 50
cm3 of cold water. Now identify the smell of the ester by wafting the
escaping gas from the test tube towards your nose using your hand.
Repeat steps 1 to 5 for the other esters. In the preparations involving
salicylic acid, Step 2 is as follows: Mix 1 g of salicylic acid with 2 drops of
concentrated H2SO4 and 2 cm3 of the alcohol.
NOTES:

The smell of carboxylic acid may interfere with the smell of the
ester formed. If this is the case, make a Na2CO3(aq) solution of
concentration 0,5 mol.dm-3, and then pour the contents of the test
tube in Step 4 into 50 cm3 of the Na2CO3 solution. The Na2CO3
neutralises the ethanoic acid.

In general, esters are not miscible with water. When added to water
two layers form, one is water and the other is the ester. This allows
the ester to be separated from the water for identification.
2.4
MARK CONVERSION
The mark out of 27 is reduced to a mark out of 15, expressed correct to
the first decimal place, for transfer to the mark schedule.
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3.
EXPERIMENT 2
3.1
Aim: To determine the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide
using a standard solution of oxalic acid.
In this experiment a standard solution of oxalic acid of concentration
0,06 mol.dm-3 and a solution of sodium hydroxide of concentration
approximately 0, 03 mol.dm-3, is prepared in advance for the titration by
the teacher.
3.2
Write Up for Experiment 2: Use a standard solution of oxalic acid of
concentration 0,06 mol. dm-3 to determine the concentration of a
sodium hydroxide solution of concentration approximately 0,03
mol.dm-3 . [30 marks]
All WCED schools should use the following headings for the
Write Up and should adhere to the mark weighting and
distribution for each heading.
MARKING MEMORANDUM:
3.2.1 PLANNING [6 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
(a)
Naming or Drawing apparatus
(3)
(Including chemicals)
None named or
Some named or
All named or
Drawn.
Drawn or
Drawn & correct.
0
3
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Incorrect.
to
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(c)
WCED
Collecting
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, recording
and evaluating
Jan 2013
data
(3)
(Award zero marks if none are described or appropriate)
[6]
3.2.2 RESULTS [24 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
(a)
Table (9 marks):
No table is provided OR Table is incorrect/inappropriate
(0)
Heading is appropriate
(1)
Data is appropriate
, accurate
Data was evaluated
and correct
(6)
or measurements are repeated
at least three times
(2)
[9]
CALCULATION OF CONCENTRATION OF NAOH
If no calculation or calculation incorrect
(0)
Appropriate balanced equation
(1)
Correct formula: LHS
(2)
= RHS (mol ratio)
Substitution:
(2)
[5]
SLIDING SCALE [10]
[NaOH] obtained is marked with a sliding scale
(10)
The following sliding scale will be used to assess the accuracy and correctness
of the [NaOH] solution you obtained.
0
1
100%
50%
2
3
4
5
Mark
s
6
7
8
Correct value (10 marks)
marks)
Values below correct value
9
30% 20% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2%
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Values above correct value
Mark
9
8
2%
4% 6%
%age
8
Error
7
6
5
4
3
2
8% 10% 12% 20% 30%
1
50%
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0
100%
Physical Sciences
WCED
Gr12 CAPS Exemplar
Jan 2013
[10]
Total mark: /30/
3.3
Method
Although the method is provided in textbooks, a suggested method is
provided below.
SAFETY:
1.
Oxalic acid is corrosive. It can be fatal if swallowed.
2.
Sodium hydroxide is poisonous, harmful if inhaled, burns the skin
and it may be fatal if swallowed.
3.
All chemicals are hazardous. Please consult your laboratory
manual for more information about why oxalic acid, sodium
hydroxide and sulphuric acid are hazardous.
4.
Wear safety goggles and gloves when handling chemicals.
Suggested method:
Set up the apparatus that will be used to do this experiment. Use a 25 cm3
pipette to transfer 25 cm3 of the oxalic acid provided to a 250 cm3
Erlenmeyer flask. Add 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the oxalic
acid in the Erlenmeyer flask. Fill the burette up to the 50 cm 3 mark with the
sodium hydroxide solution provided. Titrate until the colour of the solution
turns pink. Record your results. Repeat the experiment at least three
times.
3.4
MARK CONVERSION
The mark out of 30 is reduced to a mark out of 15, expressed correct to
the first decimal place, for transfer to the mark schedule.
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4.
WCED
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Jan 2013
EXPERIMENT 3
This experiment consists of two parts viz.
4.1
Part l
Aim: To determine the internal resistance of a battery
Part ll
Aim: To determine the equivalent resistance of:
4.2
(a)
Resistors in series
(b)
Resistors in parallel
Write Up for Experiment 3 - Part l: To determine the internal
resistance of a battery. [40 marks]
All WCED schools should use the following headings for the
Write Up and should adhere to the mark weighting and
distribution for each heading.
MARKING MEMORANDUM:
4.2.1 PLANNING [9 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
(a)
Naming or Drawing apparatus
None named or
Some named or
All named or
Drawn/Inappropriate
Drawn or
Drawn &
Incorrect.
correct.
0
3
(b)
(3)
Or
Identification of variables
(3)
(Award 1 mark for each correct variable and zero
marks if none are correct.)
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(c)
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and evaluating
data
(3)
(Award zero marks if none are described or appropriate)
[9]
4.2.2 RESULTS [28 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
(a) Table (9 marks):
No table is provided OR Table is incorrect/inappropriate
(0)
Heading is appropriate
(1)
Data is appropriate
, accurate
Data was evaluated
and correct
(6)
or measurements are repeated
at least three times
(2)
[9]
(b)
Graph (9 marks)
No graph is provided OR Graph is incorrect/inappropriate
(0)
Heading is appropriate
(1)
Scale is appropriate
(2)
Axes correctly labelled
(2)
Appropriate type of graph chosen
(2)
Points plotted correctly
(2)
[9]
(c)
Accuracy of the answer (10 marks)
The answer for r is marked with a sliding scale
0
1
100%
50%
2
3
4
5
Mark
s
6
7
8
Correct value (10)
marks)
Values below correct value
9
30% 20% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2%
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Values above correct value
Mark
9
8
2%
4% 6%
%age
Error
11
7
6
5
4
3
2
8% 10% 12% 20% 30%
1
50%
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0
100%
Physical Sciences
WCED
Gr12 CAPS Exemplar
Jan 2013
[10]
4.2.3 EXPLAINING HOW THE RESULTS WERE OBTAINED [3 marks]
No explanation is
Explanation is
Complete
given
incomplete
explanation is
0
3
given.
Or
[3]
Total mark for Part l:
4.3
/40/
METHOD
Although the method is provided in textbooks, a suggested method is
provided below.
SAFETY:
1.
Prevent electrical shock. Use a torch cell.
2.
Do not use mains voltage or operate any device that needs mains
voltage to work.
Suggested method:
Set up a circuit as follows:
V
A
S
Take a reading on the voltmeter and ammeter when the switch S is open.
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Close the switch S. Set the rheostat at various resistance values starting
at a low resistance. Record the ammeter and voltmeter reading in each
case.
Repeat the experiment at least three times.
Record your results in a table and in a graph of V (voltmeter readings)
versus I (ammeter readings).
Measure the gradient of the graph. Write your answer as a positive value.
This is the internal resistance of the battery.
4.4
Write Up for Experiment 3 - Part ll: To determine the equivalent
resistance of:
(a)
(b)
(i)
Two resistors in series [36 marks]
(ii)
Three resistors in series [10 marks]
(iii)
Four resistors in series [10 marks)
(i)
Two resistors in parallel [36 marks]
(ii)
Three resistors in parallel [10 marks]
(iii)
Four resistors in parallel [10 marks]
All WCED schools should use the following headings for the Write Up and
should adhere to the mark weighting and distribution for each heading.
PART ll (a) (i):
To determine the equivalent resistance of
Two resistors in series.
MARKING MEMORANDUM:
4.4.1 PLANNING [9 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
(a)
Naming or Drawing apparatus
None named or
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(3)
Some named or
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All named or
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Drawn.
Drawn or
Drawn & correct.
Incorrect.
0
3
(b)
Jan 2013
to
Identification of variables
(3)
(Award 1 mark for each correct variable and zero
marks if none are correct.)
(c)
Collecting
, recording
and evaluating
data
(3)
(Award zero marks if none are described or appropriate)
[9]
4.4.2 RESULTS [24 marks]
The following marking scheme should be used.
(a)
Table (9 marks):
No table is provided OR Table is incorrect/inappropriate
(0)
Heading is appropriate
(1)
Data is appropriate
, accurate
Data was evaluated
and correct
(6)
or measurements are repeated
at least three times
(2)
[9]
(b)
Calculations (Calculated and measured values)
None done OR Are incorrect OR Are inappropriate
(0)
Incomplete OR Partly correct
(3)
(1 to 3 marks)
Complete and correct
(2)
[5]
(c)
Accuracy of the answer obtained through measuring (10 marks)
Use the sliding scale
0
1
2
3
4
5
Mark
s
6
7
8
Correct value (10marks)
marks)
Values
below
correct value
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Values above
correct
value
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14 Mark
9
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Physical Sciences
WCED
Gr12 CAPS Exemplar
Jan 2013
[10]
4.4.3 EXPLAINING COMPARISON BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL AND
THEORETICAL ANSWERS [3 marks]
No explanation is
Explanation is
Complete
given
incomplete
explanation is
0
3
given.
Or
[3]
Total mark for experiment 3 (a) (i):
4.5
/36/
METHOD (Experiment 3 (a) (i))
Although the method is provided in textbooks, a suggested method is
provided below.
SAFETY:
1. Prevent electrical shock. Use a torch cell.
2. Do not use mains voltage or operate any device that needs mains
voltage to work.
Suggested method:
Set up a circuit as follows, using two resistors in series:
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S
A
V
Close the switch S and write down the reading on the ammeter and
voltmeter. Use these readings to calculate the total resistance of the two
resistors in series. Calculate the theoretical value of their total resistance.
Repeat this part of the experiment three times.
PART ll (a) (ii):
To determine the equivalent resistance of
three resistors in series.
MARKING MEMORANDUM:
(c)
Accuracy of the answer obtained through measuring
(10)
Use the same sliding scale in 4.4.2 (c)
[10]
Total mark for experiment 3 (a) (ii):
PART ll (a) (iii):
/10/
To determine the equivalent resistance of
four resistors in series.
MARKING MEMORANDUM:
(c)
Accuracy of the answer obtained through measuring
(10)
Use the same sliding scale in 4.4.2 (c)
[10]
Total mark for experiment 3 (a) (iii):
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Total mark for experiment 3 (a):
4.6
Jan 2013
/56/
Write Up for Experiment 3 - Part ll (b): To determine the equivalent
resistance of:
(b)
(i)
Two resistors in parallel [36 marks]
(ii)
Three resistors in parallel [10 marks]
(iii)
Four resistors in parallel [10 marks]
This experiment is similar to Part ll (a). The main difference is that the
resistors are now connected in parallel. Otherwise the Method, the Write
Up and the mark allocation is the same.
4.7
MARK CONVERSION
Experiment 3 Part l is assessed out of 40 marks. Part ll (a) and (b) are
assessed out of 56 marks. The total mark obtained,
viz. 40 + (2 x 56) = 152, is reduced to a mark out of 15, expressed correct
to the first decimal place for transfer to the mark schedule.
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5.
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EXPERIMENT 4
Aim: To verify that momentum is conserved during an explosion.
5.1
Write Up for Experiment 4: To verify that momentum is conserved
during an explosion if the:
(a)
Two trolleys carry the same mass [26]
(b)
One trolley carries twice the mass of the other trolley [10]
(c )
One trolley carries a mass that is three times that of the other
trolley [10]
The Write Up is the same as that for Experiment 3 – Part ll (a) [56 marks]
5.2
METHOD
Although the method is provided in textbooks, a suggested method is
provided below.
SAFETY:
Suggested method
Take two identical trolleys and place a brick of the same mass m on each
of them. At least one of the trolleys must have a spring plunger. Place the
trolleys on a level horizontal frictionless surface. Clamp two wooden
blocks at equal distances x from each trolley. Release the knob.
Press the knob
x
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m
m
18
x
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Each trolley must strike the wooden block at the same time t. Repeat
three times.
Repeat the experiment by placing another brick on one trolley.
Repeat the experiment by placing another brick on the trolley that has the
two bricks.
Record your results in a table.
5.3
MARK CONVERSION
The total mark out of 56 is reduced to a mark out of 15, expressed correct
to the first decimal place for transfer to the mark schedule.
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ANNEXURE A
EXAMPLE OF A CAPS GRADE 12 WORKSHEET:
SCHOOL: ………………………………….
DATE: ……………………………
SBA: PRESCRIBED EXPERIMENT: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
NAME OF LEARNER: …………………………
GRADE: ……………………
GROUP: ……………………
KNOWLEDGE AREA: Chemical Change
TOPIC: Acids and Bases
DUE DATE: ……………………………….
TOTAL MARK: ………/30
AIM: To determine the concentration of a solution of sodium hydroxide
using a standard solution of oxalic acid.
In this experiment you will be provided with:

A standard solution of oxalic acid of concentration 0,06 mol.dm -3

A sodium hydroxide solution of concentration approximately
0,03 mol.dm-3
METHOD:
Suggested method:
Set up the apparatus that will be used to do this experiment. Use a 25 cm 3
pipette to transfer 25 cm3 of the oxalic provided to a 250 cm3 Erlenmeyer
flask. Add 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the oxalic acid in the
Erlenmeyer flask. Fill the burette up to the 50 cm3 mark with the sodium
hydroxide solution provided. Titrate until the colour of the solution turns
pink. Record your volume readings. Repeat the experiment at least three
times.
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INSTRUCTIONS
(a)
Read and understand the method to:

Determine the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution using
the standard solution of oxalic acid provided by your teacher.
(b)
You will be penalised if:
o The work you submit is not your own
o You do not hand in this assessment task by the due date
(c)
Report your investigation using the headings below (marks are written in
brackets)
PLANNING THE INVESTIGATION [6 marks]
The following should be reported on:
(a)
Apparatus
(3)
(Naming or drawing each item of apparatus used)
(b)
Data
(3)
(Collecting, recording and evaluating data)
[6]
RESULTS [24 marks]
(a)
Table
(Recording results in a table)
(9)
(b)
Calculations
(5)
[14]
(10)
SLIDING SCALE
(Marking the [NaOH] with a sliding scale)
[10]
Total mark:
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/30/
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NOTES FOR THE TEACHER
(a)
Safety:
1.
Oxalic acid is corrosive. It can be fatal if swallowed.
2.
Sodium hydroxide is poisonous, harmful if inhaled, burns the skin
and it may be fatal if swallowed.
3.
All chemicals are hazardous. Please consult your laboratory
manual for more information about why oxalic acid and sodium
hydroxide are hazardous.
4.
(b)
Wear safety goggles and gloves when handling chemicals
Accuracy of the results:
In this experiment accuracy should be exploited to achieve a spread of
marks. Accuracy can be judged by the value of the [NaOH] which will be
marked with the sliding scale.
Do the following to obtain accurate results:
 All glassware/apparatus used must be clean
 The measuring flask should only be held at its mouth
 Wash the beaker that contained the oxalic acid solution with
distilled water. Pour this solution into the measuring flask
 The burette must be greased appropriately so that it works and
does not leak when the tap is opened and closed.
 NaOH absorbs water and CO2 from the air. This changes the
concentration of the NaOH(aq). Make a fresh sample for the
titration but use it immediately.
 Do not exceed the endpoint of the titration
(c)
Other methods:
The double burette method can also be used.
(d)
Assessment:
Each learner should do this investigation on their own.
Do not assess group work.
Each learner should sign a declaration of authenticity.
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