Ch 14 Study Guide – Rocks: Mineral Mixtures
Section 1 (pages 360-367) BELLWORK: page 386-387 #1,5,8
1. A ________ is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals and organic matter.
2. The process by which new rock is made from old rock is the __________ ___________.
3. What happens at point A below? _______________ , ______________& _________________
What happens at point B below?_______________________ At point C? ______________ &
__________________ (Use page 362 and 363 in your textbook)
4. How did humans use rocks in the past? As ________________________ materials
5. What is the process in which water, wind, and heat break down rock? ____________________
6. ________________ is the process by which sediment is removed from its source.
7. The process in which sediment is dropped and comes to rest is called ___________________.
8. What has to increase for metamorphism to occur? _______________ & __________________
9. Buried rock is exposed at Earth’s surface by the combination of which two processes?
a)weathering & deposition b)uplift & erosion c) erosion & deposition d)deposition & uplift
10. ___________ is movement that causes rocks inside Earth to be moved to the surface.
11. Besides texture, how else are rocks classified? By their ____________________
12. Composition is the _______________ _____________ of a rock.
13. _______________ is the quality of a rock based on size and shape of mineral grains.
Section 2 (pages 368-371)
14. During the rock cycle, what forms when magma cools? _________________ rock
15. Which of the following does NOT cause magma to form? a) a decrease in pressure on
rock b) a change in composition in rock c) a rise in temperature in rock
d) an increase in pressure on rock
16. Rock that is formed when magma cools below the Earth’s surface is _________________
_____________________ rock.
Rock Sample
Texture
Composition
Sample A
coarse-grained
mica, quartz, and feldspar
Sample B
medium-grained
quartz sand in quartz cement
Sample C
foliated
biotite mica
Sample D
fine-grained
olivine, pyroxene, feldspar
17. Which of the four rock samples in the table above most likely formed through the process
of heating and cooling beneath Earth’s surface?
a) Sample A b) Sample B c) Sample C d) Sample D
18. Rock that cools at the Earth’s surface is _________________ igneous rock.
19. When magma cools quickly, what kind of texture does rock have? ___________-grained.
20. Volcanic activity on Earth’s surface would most likely result in the formation of which of
the following types of rock? a)intrusive igneous
b) chemical sedimentary
c) clastic sedimentary
d) extrusive igneous
*Now answer # 3 on page 371, using figure 1 on page 368
Section 3 (pages 372-375) BELLWORK: page 386-387 # 9 & 10
21. Erosion causes rock and mineral fragments called _____________________ to move
from one place to another.
22. Sedimentary rock is formed through the process of ___________________________.
23. Layers found in sedimentary rocks are known as ___________.
24. Fragments of rock cemented together by a mineral are _______________ sedimentary.
25. ______________ sedimentary rock forms from solutions of dissolved minerals.
26. ______________ sedimentary rocks are made of skeletons and shells of sea animals, and
one example is ___________.
27. What are the main categories of sedimentary rock? _________, ___________, ________
28. __________________ is the process in which the layers found in sedimentary rock form.
29. Stratification would occur as the result of which of the following processes? a) the
cooling and solidification of magma b) the partial or complete melting of rock c) the
deposition of sediments in a body of water d) the deformation of rock by heat & pressure
*Now answer # 4 on page 375 in your Section Reviews section of your science notebook.
Section 4 (pages 376-381) BELLWORK: page 386-387 # 2,6,7
30. When temperature and pressure change, what can happen to the minerals in rocks during
metamorphism? They _____________ into minerals that are more ______________.
31. What kind of metamorphic rock has its mineral grains arranged in planes or bands?
a) extrusive b) nonfoliated c) foliated d) intrusive
32. In ___________________ metamorphic rock, mineral grains are NOT arranged in bands.
33. A rock that forms from the melting and cooling of rock is made of ______________.
34. As a consequence of recrystallization, ______________ ________________ rock forms.
35. During metamorphism, limestone changes to become a metamorphic rock called marble.
What happens to the calcite in the limestone during this process? a) They recrystallize
and grow larger b) They separate to form bonds c) They change in chemical composition
c) They become quartz crystals
36. The process in which rocks change shape is called _____________________.
*Now answer # 2 on page 381, using figure 6 on page 380
ANSWER KEY
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rock
rock cycle
(A) deposition, compaction, & cementation; (B) solidification; (C) melting & cooling
construction
weathering
Erosion
deposition
temperature (or heat) & pressure
B
uplift
composition
chemical makeup
texture
igneous
D
intrusive igneous
A
extrusive
fine (small)
D
sediment
cementation
strata
clastic
Chemical
Organic, coal
clastic, chemical, organic
Stratification
C
change, stable
C
nonfoliated
crystals
nonfoliated metamorphic
A
deformation