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I can:
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Explain that plants require transport systems to move substances
such as water from one place to another
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State that plants require water to transport materials and carry out
photosynthesis
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State that water and minerals are transported through plants in
xylem vessels
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State that xylem vessels are strengthened by lignin.
Identify epidermal cells in leaves and state that they allow light to
pass through to mesophyll cells.
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State that stomata are pores on the leaf epidermis that allow gas
exchange
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State that the opening and closing of stomata is controlled by guard
cells.
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Describe transpiration as water loss through the leaves of a plant
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State that water is lost by evaporation through the stomata.
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Describe the flow of water from the root hair cells, up xylem vessels
and into the mesophyll cells of the leaf, finally leaving the plant by
diffusing through the stomata.
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State that sugar is transported up and down the plant in living phloem
cells.
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State that substances such as oxygen, nutrients and carbon dioxide
are transported in the blood.
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State that red blood cells transport oxygen around the body.
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State that red blood cells contain a substance called haemoglobin that
is involved in transporting oxygen.
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Describe how the biconcave shape of a red blood cell increases its
surface area so oxygen can diffuse into it as quickly as possible.
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State that red blood cells do not have a nucleus so they can carry as
much haemoglobin as possible.
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Describe the structure of arteries, including thick muscular walls to
withstand blood travelling at high pressure and a narrow central
channel.
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Describe the structure of veins, including thinner walls and a wider
central channel than arteries.
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State that the blood in veins is at a much lower pressure than the
blood in arteries, and they contain valves to prevent the backflow of
blood.
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State that capillaries form networks at organs and tissues.
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Describe the features of capillaries such as thin walls and large
surface area to allow the exchange of materials between the blood
and body cells.
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Identify the top chambers of the heart as the left and right atria
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Identify the lower chambers of the heart as the left and right
ventricles
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State that the pulmonary artery carries blood from the heart to the
lungs, and the pulmonary vein carries blood from the lungs back to the
heart
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State that the vena cava carry blood from the body to the heart and
the aorta carries blood from the heart to the body.
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State that the coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with blood.
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Describe the flow of blood around the body, right atrium right
ventricle  pulmonary artery  lungs  pulmonary vein  left atrium
 left ventricle  aorta  body  vena cava  right atrium.
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State that rings of cartilage hold the airways open at all times
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State that gas exchange in the lungs involves the movement of oxygen
into the blood and carbon dioxide out of the blood
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State that gas exchange takes place in the alveoli
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Describe the features of the alveoli such as large surface area, thin
walls, and good blood supply which allows efficient gas exchange.
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State that mucus in the airways traps dust and microorganisms
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State that cilia move the mucus up and out of the lungs.
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State that food is moved through the digestive system by peristalsis
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Describe the process of peristalsis as contraction of the muscles
behind the food and relaxation of the muscles in front.
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State that villi contain a blood capillary to absorb glucose and amino
acids, and a lacteal to absorb products of fat digestion.
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Describe features that allow villi to carry out absorption efficiently,
including having a large surface area and thin walls.