Denniston, 7
Glossary of Key Terms in Chapter Thirteen
acetal (13.4) the family of organic compounds formed via the reaction of two molecules of alcohol with an
aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst.
addition reaction (13.4) a reaction in which two molecules add together to form a new molecule; often
involves the addition of one molecule to a double or triple bond in an unsaturated molecule; e.g., the
addition of alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone to form a hemiacetal or hemiketal.
aldehyde (13.1) a class of organic molecules characterized by a carbonyl group; the carbonyl carbon is
bonded to a hydrogen atom and to another hydrogen or an alkyl or aryl group.
aldol condensation (13.4) a reaction in which aldehydes or ketones react to form a larger molecule.
Benedict’s Test (13.4) a test reagent used to distinguish aldehydes and ketones; a test for reducing sugars.
carbonyl group (Intro) the functional group that contains a carbon-oxygen double bond; -C=O; the
functional group found in aldehydes and ketones.
hemiacetal (13.4) the family of organic compounds formed via the reaction of one molecule of an alcohol
with an aldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst.
hemiketal (13.4) the family of organic compounds formed via the reaction of one molecule of alcohol with
a ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst.
hydrogenation (13.4) a reaction in which hydrogen (H2) is added to a double or a triple bond.
ketal (13.4) the family of organic compounds formed via the reaction of two molecules of alcohol with a
ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst.
ketone (13.1) a family of organic molecules characterized by a carbonyl group; the carbonyl carbon is
bonded to two alkyl groups, two aryl groups, or one alkyl and one aryl group.
oxidation (of carbonyl compounds) (13.4) the loss of electrons by a molecule, ion, or atom; in organic
compounds, it can be recognized by the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen; e.g., the conversion of
an alcohol to an aldehyde or ketone via the use of an oxidizing agent.
Tollens’ Test (13.4) a test reagent (silver nitrate in ammonium hydroxide) used to distinguish between
aldehydes and ketones; also called the Tollens’ silver mirror test.