Last name:
First name:
Unit 3: Genetics
Unit Test Review
Period #
Date:
Part 1: The Big Picture

Human cells have 23 different types of ____________________, which are coiled up like dreadlocks, and made of
many ________________. Each gene controls one trait, and is itself made up of _____________.
o
DNA is made of two strands of nucleotides twisted into a _________________________________.
o
A nucleotide is made up of a backbone (____________________ and ____________________) plus a
____________________.

Genetic information in the nucleotide is stored in the ______________________________, which
are always in pairs. ___________________ is paired with ___________________, and
___________________ is paired with ___________________.

We get from a gene to a trait via ____________________, which are what allow our traits to be expressed.

But there’s a problem… DNA is found in the cell’s ____________________. However, proteins are made in the cell’s
____________________.

The solution: During the process of ___________________, DNA’s information is rewritten as _________.
o
(In mRNA, ____________________ is paired with ____________________ and ____________________ is
paired with ____________________.)
o
After this process, the mRNA then leaves the nucleus and travels to the ____________________.
o
During the process of ____________________, the ribosome reads mRNA one _______________ (which is
three nucleotides) at a time to produce ______________________________________. When we put these
amino acids together, we get proteins!

The big, fancy name for this process of transcription and translation is the ____________________
____________________ of ____________________.
Part 2: Do you have the vocabulary down? Define each term.
1. Chromosome: ______________________________________________________________________________
2. Gene: _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Allele: _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. Genotype: _________________________________________________________________________________
5. Phenotype: _________________________________________________________________________________
6. Dominant: _________________________________________________________________________________
7. Recessive: _________________________________________________________________________________
8. Homozygous: _______________________________________________________________________________
9. Heterozygous: ______________________________________________________________________________
10. Co-dominance: _____________________________________________________________________________
11. Nucleotide: _________________________________________________________________________________
12. DNA: _____________________________________________________________________________________
13. RNA: _____________________________________________________________________________________
14. Backbone: _________________________________________________________________________________
15. Base: _____________________________________________________________________________________
16. Transcription: _______________________________________________________________________________
17. Translation: ________________________________________________________________________________
18. Codon: ____________________________________________________________________________________
19. Amino acid: _____________________________________________________________________ ___________
Part 3: Practice Transcription and Translation Knowledge and Skills
20. One strand of DNA reads: TCAGTC. What is the
complementary DNA strand?
21. One strand of DNA reads: GGCTAA. What is the
complementary RNA strand?
22. Translate the RNA you created in #20 into amino acids using your codon table.
23. Place the following terms in the rings of the target to the right: DNA, chromosome,
gene, cell. The smallest term should go in the center of the target, and the largest
term should go on its outside.
24. Is this a picture of transcription or translation?
How do you know?
25. Is this a picture of transcription or translation?
How do you know?
Ribosome
26. Fill in the boxes of the flowchart below with the following words: trait, DNA bases, amino acids, proteins.
27. Complete this chart comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA.
DNA
RNA
Shape and number
of strands
Type of sugar in
backbone
Type of bases used
Is it (the DNA/RNA)
made of
nucleotides?
Where is it found?
Part 4: Practice Punnett Square Skills
26. Simba got his beautiful brown eyes from his parents Mufasa and Sarabi. However, both his parents had yellow
eyes. Show that this is possible since both his parents are heterozygous. (Brown is dominant over yellow).
Percent chance Simba would be homozygous dominant: _________
Percent chance Simba would be heterozygous: _________
Percent chance Simba would be homozygous recessive: _________
Percent chance Simba would have brown eyes: _________
27. Pouncing is a very important skill for lions to hunt. Poor pouncing is dominant to good pouncing. Both Simba and
Nala are good pouncers. Knowing this, can they have any children who are bad pouncers?
Can Simba and Nala have a bad pouncer?
Explain your answer in complete sentences. How do you know?
28. Let's say that in seals, the gene for stripes is dominant to the gene for solid color.
a. What percentage of offspring would be
expected to have a solid color from the
cross of two striped seals, one which is
homozygous dominant and the other
who is heterozygous?
b. If one parent seal is homozygous
recessive and the other is solid, what
percent of offspring would be
heterozygous? What about having a
solid color?
c.
Draw a Punnett square to show what would happen if two heterozygous seals had children. Then, answer
the questions below.
Parent genotype = __________
Parent phenotype = _________
Chance of having homozygous dominant offspring = ____%
Chance of having heterozygous offspring = ____%
Chance of having homozygous recessive offspring = ____%
Chance of having offspring with solid color = _____%
Chance of having offspring with stripes = _____%
Part 5: Blood Typing and Punnett Squares
29. Tanya and Jerome want to have a child. Tanya is heterozygous for type B blood and Jerome is homozygous for type
A blood.
A. What is Tanya’s phenotype? _____________ Jerome’s phenotype? _____________
B. What is the percent chance their children will have Type A blood? ________
C. What is the percent chance their children will have Type B blood? _________
D. What is the percent chance their children will have Type AB blood? _________
E. What is the percent chance their children will have Type O blood? __________
F. What is the percent chance their children will be ii? ___________
30. Denice is pregnant and just told her husband John. However, Denice wonders if the mailman might actually be the
father of her child. Denice has an IAi genotype, while the mailman has type O blood. The child was tested and has
type AB blood. Was the mailman the father of the baby? What would John’s genotype have to be to make the baby
his?
Part 5: Multiple choice questions. You can do it!!!!
29 In humans, the gene for polydactyl (having extra fingers
or toes) is dominant over the gene for the normal number
of digits. If parents who are both homozygous dominant
for polydactyl have four children, how many of these
children would most likely have extra fingers or toes?
(1) 0
(3) 3
(2) 2
(4) 4
32 In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is
T–C–G–A–A–T. Which nitrogenous base sequence would
normally be found on the complimentary strand of DNA to
this section of the gene?
(1) A–C–G–T–A–A
(2) A–C–G–U–U–A
(3) A–G–C–T–T–A
(4) U–G–C–A–A–U
30 The structure and location of a cellular component is
represented in the diagram below.
33 Which processes occur in the nucleus?
(1) 1 and 2
(3) 3 and 4
(2) 2 and 3
(4) 4 and 5
The polymer in the diagram most likely contains
1 adenosine triphosphate
2 lipids
3 the bases A, T, G, and C
4 hydrolytic enzymes
34 What is the product of process 3?
1 a strand of DNA
2 two complementary strands of DNA
3 a strand of RNA
4 a chain of amino acids