What is the rate of the reaction between iodine and acetone?
Safety
Iodine is simultaneously a necessary element in human life and a hazardous
substance. The hazards are outlined first, and the necessity second. Finally, a
common public health usage is identified. Read all three and decide whether you
should be very concerned, slightly concerned or unconcerned about using iodine
solutions in this lab.
From the IODINE MSDS
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Iodine: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 14000 mg/kg
[Rat]. 22000 mg/kg [Mouse].
Potential Acute Health Effects:
Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of
ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive), of eye
contact (corrosive); slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). The
amount of tissue damage depends on length of contact. Eye contact can result in
corneal damage or blindness. Skin contact can produce inflammation and
blistering. Inhalation of dust will produce irritation to gastro-intestinal or
respiratory tract, characterized by burning, sneezing and coughing. Severe
over-exposure can produce lung damage, choking, unconsciousness or death.
Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin
inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally,
blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:
Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion,
of inhalation.
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact:
Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush
eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Cold water may be used.
WARM water MUST be used. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:
In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15
minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Cover the irritated skin
with an emollient. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before
reuse. Get medical attention immediately.
Serious Skin Contact:
Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an antibacterial cream. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation:
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If
breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medical attention.
Serious Inhalation:
Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing
such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It
may be hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious or corrosive. Seek
immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never
give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as
a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.
from: www.sciencelab.com/xMSDS-Iodine-9927547 extracted on 9/7/08.
IODINE AND THE BODY
Iodine is detected in every organ and tissue in the body. It is found in high levels
in the thyroid, breast, stomach, saliva, ovaries, liver, lung, heart, and adrenals. It
is essential in pregnancy.
Iodine and the Thyroid.
Often, iodine is treated as if it is important only to the thyroid, and the effects of
iodine on the rest of the body are ignored. However, iodine seems to impact
every organ and system of the body.
Much of the research has been done on the thyroid since iodine is essential for
the formation of thyroid hormones and the thyroid hormones affect every cell of
the body. The primary thyroid hormones are T3 and T4, named for the number of
iodine atoms contained. For example, T3 contains three iodine atoms and T4
contains four iodine atoms. Recent research indicates that T2 and T1 are also
important hormones.
Many studies have been done on the metabolism of iodine by the thyroid. The
NIS (Sodium/Iodide Symporter) allows iodide to be taken into the thyroid cells at
levels of concentration much higher than the levels in the blood. Once the iodide
is in the cell, it undergoes a complex metabolic process as it gets transformed
into the thyroid hormones.
Iodine and the Brain (CNS).
Iodine is known to be essential for the development of the brain. Cretinism, a
severe form of mental retardation with physical difficulties as well, is caused by
severe iodine deficiency in the mother during pregnancy. It is the best known of
the Iodine Deficiency Diseases and is still a problem in much of the world. Many
suspect that lesser forms of mental retardation are also caused by iodine
deficiency.
Iodine and the Immune System.
Iodine is accumulated by the immune system, especially by neutrophils during
phagocytosis (engulfing of bacteria and other foreign bodies). A potent
antimicrobial system is created with a peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and a
halide. This system is highly effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other
micro-organisms. During this process, iodoproteins such as monoiodotyrosine
(T1) are created.
From: http://iodine4health.com/body/body.htm. Extracted 09/07/08.
PUBLIC HEALTH AND IODINE
Tincture of iodine is often found in emergency survival kits, used both to disinfect
wounds and to sanitize surface water for drinking.
Tincture of iodine is prepared in alcohol. When an alcohol solution is not
desirable, an aqueous solution of iodine in potassium iodide solution can be
used.
Iodine is toxic. Children and pregnant women, who are more sensitive to it,
should avoid its use. Human metabolism requires trace amount of iodine, which
is satisfied by use ofiodized salt.
When using iodine to sanitize surface water, it should be left to sit for 30 minutes
before drinking, allowing time for all viruses and bacteria to be killed. If the water
temperature is less than 20 °C (68 °F), sitting time should be extended to several
hours. To purify 1 L (34 oz) of water, 0.3 mL (0.01 oz) of 2% tincture should be
used. Cold or cloudy water should be given 2.4 mL (0.08 oz) of 2% iodine, and
should be left to sit for several hours.
Following disinfection, the iodine odor and taste can be removed by adding
powdered vitamin C, which converts the iodine to iodide. A similar reaction also
removes chlorine from chlorinated water.
Iodine used to sanitize water is also available in tablet or crystal form. One form
or another should be available at health stores, and trip outfitters.
From: http://iodine4health.com/body/body.htm. Extracted 09/07/08.